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The Skeleton From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

The Skeleton From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

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The Skeleton

From the Greek, meaning “dried up”

20% of body mass

Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

Axial skeleton

• Skull – Cranial bones

– Facial bones

• Vertebral Column

• Thorax

Cranial bones

• Frontal

• Parietal (2)

• Occipital

• Temporal (2)

• Sphenoid

• Ethmoid

Frontal • Frontal sinus

• supra-orbital ridge (margin)

• supra-orbital foramen (or notch)

• frontal suture (usually only present in fetal skull)

• coronal suture (between frontal and anterior border of parietals)

Parietal bones

• sagittal suture • lambdoid suture • squamous suture

Occipital

• occipital condyles

• foramen magnum

• nuchal lines

Temporal

• squamous portion

• external acoustic (auditory) meatus

• mastoid process

• styloid process

• petrous portion

• zygomatic process

Sphenoid

• greater and lesser wings

• pterygoid processes

• sella turcica

• sinuses

Ethmoid

• perpendicular plate

• crista galli

• cribriform (horizontal) plate

• superior and middle concha

• sinuses

Facial bones

• Paired bones

• Maxillae

• Zygomatic

• Nasals

• Lacrimals

• Palatines

• Inferior conchae

• Unpaired bones

• Mandible

• Vomer

• nasal bones

• lacrimal bones

Zygomatic bones

• orbital process

• temporal process

• maxillary process

Maxilla & Palatine Bones• sinus

• alveolar ridge (margin)

• infra-orbital foramen

• palatine processes

Mandible • ramus

• condyle

• angle

• body

• Coronoid process

• Alveolar ridge

Facial Bones (continued) • Vomer

• Inferior nasal conchae• Sinuses

Hyoid bone

Ribs

• True Ribs – First 7 pairs (connect to sternum directly)

• False Ribs – last 5 pairs – Floating ribs – the last

two false ribs are called floating ribs because they don’t attach in the front at all

Sternum • Manubrium • suprasternal

(jugular) notch • sternal angle • body • xiphoid process • clavicular notch

Vertebrae: • Lamina• Pedicles• Centrum• spinous process• superior and inferior

articulatingprocesses

• vertebral foramen• intervertebral foramen

Vertebrae: Continued• Cervical Vertebrae (7)

– bifid spinous process – transverse foramina – C1 = atlas – C2 = axis with odontoid process

• Thoracic (12) – downward sharp spinous process – articulating facets on centrum and

transverse processes for ribs

• lumbar (5) – massive centrum – short, wide spinous process

• Sacral: (5) fused – sacral canal – auricular surface – sacral foramen – median sacral crest – sacral hiatus – sacral promontory – apex

• Coccyx: (1-4) fused

Appendicular Skeleton• Pectoral Girdle• Clavicle - sternal end,

acromial end • Scapula

– Spine– supraspinatus fossa, – infraspinatus fossa– acromion process – coracoid process– vertebral border– axillary border– glenoid cavity

Bones of the Upper Extremity

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

Humerus• Head • Neck:

surgical/anatomical • Greater/ Lesser tubercle • Intertubercular groove • Deltoid tuberosity • Epicondyles -

medial/lateral • Trochlea • Capitulum • Coronoid fossa • Olecranon fossa

Radius

• Head

• Neck

• Shaft

• Radial tuberosity

• Styloid process

• Ulnar notch

Ulna• Olecranon process

• Trochlear notch

• Radial notch

• Coronoid process

• Styloid process

• Head

Bones of the Wrist and Hand

• Carpals - 8 wrist bones

• Metacarpals - 5 hand bones

• Phalanges - 14 finger bones

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle(OS COXAE)

• Consists of three bones:

• Ilium

• Ishium

• Pubis

ILIUM

• Iliac crest • Anterior superior iliac

spine • Greater sciatic notch • Sacroiliac joint

ISCHIUM

• Ischial tuberosity • Lesser sciatic

notch • Acetabulum • Obturator foramen

PUBIS

• Pubic symphysis

Male Pelvis / Female Pelvis

Larger, heavier

Heart -shaped

Deep pelvis

Tilted forward

< 90 degree angle

• Smaller, lighter

• More oval

• Shallow pelvis

• Flared more

• >90 degree angle

Bones of the Thigh and Leg

• Femur

• Tibia

• Fibula

FEMUR• Head • Neck • Greater trochanter • Lesser trochanter • Shaft• Linea aspera • Epicondyles • Condyles • Intercondylar notch

or fossa • Patellar surface

TIBIA

• Tibial condyles

• Tibial tuberosity

• Medial malleolus

• Shaft

FIBULA

• Head

• Shaft

• Lateral malleolus

Patella - Kneecap

Bones of the Ankle and

Foot

• Tarsals - 7 ankle bones

– Talus

– Calcaneus

• Metatarsals - 5 foot bones

• Phalanges - 14 toe bones

– proximal

– middle (medial)

– distal