The Spanish Masters : Early Artists of Spain

El GrecoVelazquez

Goya

El Greco 1541-1614• Named for birthplace

• Studied under High Renaissance painter Titian

• Influenced also by Tintoretto and Michelangelo

• His patrons were religious . Most commissions were from the church.

Subject of paintings• saints • religious scenes• portraits• one famous landscape

Characteristics:

• Elongated faces and figures “elongated into flame-like forms”

• bearded figures • with eyes looking up to the sky• often painted in contrasting colors –

lights and darks• used cold, eerie, bluish colors to

express intense religious feeling

Christ Driving the Traders from the TempleNational Gallery at London.

Saint Jerome as Cardinaloil on canvass

Metropolitan Museum of ArtNew York

St. Louis: King of France

approx. 1586-94 Musée du Louvre,

Paris

Portrait of a Cardinal, oil on canvas

The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York

Lady with a FurIt is supposed that this is a portrait

of Jerónima de las Cuevas, his common-law-wife and the mother

of his son.1580

Self Portrait1604

Metropolitan Museum of Art

New York

Portrait of the Artist's Son Jorge Manuelc. 1603

Oil on canvasMuseo Provincial, Seville

Portrait of a Lady1594-1601,

Philadelphia Museum of Art

The Virgin Mary, 1604

Christ Carrying the Cross

1600-05Oil on canvas

Museo del Prado, Madrid

The Trinity, 1577-79, oil on canvas, Museo del

Prado, Madrid.

The Miracle of Christ Healing the Blind, 1575

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

The Disrobing Of Christ1583, canvass

Pinakothec at Munich

Virgin and Child with St. Martina and St. Agnes

1597-99National Gallery of Art, Washington

The Holy Family1592

Obras Maestras

El entierro de Conte OrgazThe burial of Count Orgaz(1586 Church of Santo Tome, Toledo, Spain)• The lower part portrays a

nobleman laid in his grave by Saints Stephen and Augustine. Above that the soul rises to heaven where there are many angels. This part is painted with bright bluish colors, and elongated figures representing their holiness.

• This work conveys “the awesomeness of great spiritual events with a sense of mystic rapture” as Greco seems to “free his subjects from earthbound restrictions”

The Baptism of Christ1614

• characterized by an “eerie light generated by the holy figures themselves” who are “enveloped by a steamy haze”

The Repentant

Peter1611

Vista del Toledo

View of Toledo

1597, MET NYC

Diego Velazquez 1599-1660• born in Seville to

parents of minor nobility

• influenced by Flemish and Italian realism

• apprenticed to Pacheco who introduced him to the court

• King Phillip IV became his main patron

• granted knighthood in the “Orden de Santiago” and received “la Cruz Roja”

Subjects• members of the court• hunting portraits• dwarves • “common people” around the court

some painted in combination with still-life objects

• religious scenes

Characteristics• known as baroque artist• style: realism• paintings capture the moment • seem as if they were a photo• did not exaggerate to make

subjects look better • treated all subjects with dignity

regardless of social standing• skillful use of light and shadow

Philip IV1624

Museo Del Prado

Infante Don Carlos1626

Museo del Prado

Doña Maria de AustriaQueen of Hungary

1630

Philip IV in Brown and Silver

1653

Portrait of Philip IV1652-53

Philip IV1655-60

Infante Philip Prosper1660

Venus at her Mirror (The Rokeby Venus)1649-51

Queen Doña Mariana of Austria 1652-53

Maria Teresa of Spain ("with two

watches")1652-53

Infanta Marguarite Theresec. 1654

The Count-Duke of Olivares on Horseback, 1634

Oil on canvas, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Queen Isabel of Equestrian1634-1635Oil on canvas, 301 x 314 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Cardinale Infante Ferdinand of Austria as Hunter

1632-36, Oil on canvasMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Prince Baltasar Carlos as Hunter1635-36, oil on canvas, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Pablo de Valladolidc. 1635, oil on canvas

Museo del Prado, Madrid

Juan Martinez Montáñezc. 1635Oil on canvas, 109 x 107 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

The Dwarf Don Juan Calabazas, called Calabacillasc. 1639, Oil on canvas

Museo del Prado, Madrid

The Dwarf Sebastian de Morra

c. 1645, Oil on canvasMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Diego de Acedo (El Primo)1644, oil on canvasMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Prince Baltasar Carlos with a Dwarf1631

Oil on canvasMuseum of Fine Arts

Boston

The Needlewomanc. 1640, Oil on canvasNational Gallery of Art,

Washington

Mars, God of War1640, Oil on canvas

Museo del Prado, Madrid

Christ on the Cross1632

Museo del PradoMadrid

The Adoration of the Magi1619

Museo del Prado, Madrid

Obras Maestras

The Surrender of Breda (Las Lanzas), before 1635Oil on canvas, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Las Meninas1656-57

Oil on canvasMuseo del Prado

Madrid

Francisco de Goya1746-1828

• named royal painter in 1786• became deaf in 1792 which

affected his mood and his art• fell out of favor with the court and

church

• born in Zaragoza, Spain• both painter and etcher• influenced by artist friends

Francisco y Ramon Bayeau• first commission was

for caricatures for tapestries for El Escorial

Subjects• royal portraits• everyday Spanish life • bullfighting• follies of humanity, “caprices”• witchcraft, mythology (“black

paintings”)• some religious scenes (early

works)

Characteristics• Basically realistic ; however,

satirical at times and in “dark paintings” there is a surrealistic quality

• Style included thick bold strokes of dark color

• punctuated by brilliant yellow and red highlights

• painted frescoes, oil paintings, tapestries, etchings

The Count of Floridablanca and Goya. 1783

The Marquesa de Pontejos. c. 1786.

Charles III in Hunting Costume. c. 1786-88. Oil on canvas

Girl with a Jug

Portrait of the Bullfighter Pedro Romero

Dona Isabel de Porcel

Portrait

of the

Artist

Julio Asensio

The Milkmaid of Bordeaux. c. 1827

Le motin de Esquilache (The Esquilache Riots).

c. 1766-1767. Oil on canvas

The Sacrifice to Vesta. 1771. Oil on canvas

The Holy Family. c. 1775-1780. Oil on canvas

Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.

The Miracle of St. Anthony1798. Fresco.

Detail of the decoration of the cupola of the Church of San Antonio de la Florida

Madrid, Spain

Death of the Picador. 1794, Tin-plate

Fight at the Cock Inn. 1777. Oil on canvas

La cometa (The Kite) 1778 Tapestry

A Village Bullfight. c. 1812-14. Oil on panel Royal Academy of San Fernando Madrid, Spain.

Scene of Bullfight. c. 1824-1825 Oil on canvas

Summer. 1786. Oil on canvas

The Snowstorm. 1786-87. Oil on canvas. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

A Prison Scene. c. 1810-14

La fragna (The Smithy) c. 1812-1816

A Procession of Flagellants. c. 1812-14. Oil Royal Academy of San Fernando Madrid, Spain.

Allegory: War or Evil(?). 1824-1828

Procession of Monks

The Old Woman with a Mirror.

1824-1828

Two Dancing Old Friends. 1824-1828

El famoso Americano,

Mariano Ceballos

1825

Obras Maestras

The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid, 1814

The Second of May, 1808 at the Puerta del Sol. 1814

The Colossus. c. 1810-12. Oil on canvas

Museo del Prado Madrid, Spain.

Saturn Devouring One of His Chidren. c. 1820-23.