THE STRUGGLE FOR

INDEPENDENCE AND THE

FORMATION OF MALAYSIA

DONE BY: SEAN JOELSONIA MALINI

THENNA MARAN AKSHARA MENON

Tok Janggut

Tok Janggut or Haji Mohd Hassan bin Munas (1853 - June 25, 1915) was a famous Malay warrior in Kelantan, Malaysia during British protectorate. On 29 April 1915, the administration of Jeram, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan subsequently fell into Britain's hands. Tok Janggut agreed but refused to walk in front of them and a fight occurred, in which Tok Janggut manages to stab the sergeant.Tok Janggut then assembled his men and thus forcing encik latiff to flee of Pasir Puteh. As a result of Tok Janggut's refusal to surrender, British officers in Kelantan took immediate action by burning down Tok Janggut's house, as well as his followers' houses, too.

Mat Kilau

Full name is Mat Kilau bin Imam Rasu. His mother was the daughter of Tok Mahda Kaut Burau. Mat Kilau was believed to be born in the year 1865/1866 in Kampung Masjid. A little village in Pahang. The British had actually been misled by Mat Kilau into thinking that he was dead, ending their various pursuits in the jungles of Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan, which they tried in vain many times previously.

Dato' Bahaman

Dato' Bahaman (died 1930s in Terengganu) was a famous Malay warrior in Pahang, Malaysia during the period of British protectorate. His son was Mat Kilau and friend Tok Gajah.in the Pahang Rising of 1891-1895, the chief perpetuator, Dato Bahaman’s grievances originated from the loss of his income and privileges in the aftermath of British mining regulations. Clearly, the British interference in the form of district offices and State Council precipitated the magnitude of the subsequent Pahang Rising.

Tengku Antah

Tengku Besar or Yamtuan Antah is a powerful speaker . He opposed the appointing of the Assistant Resident, Captain Thatham Sawan River in 1874.  In 1875, he was appointed as ‘Yamtuan Besar by the residents of Seri Menanti, Terachi, Gunung Pasir, Muar and Jempol.             In 1875, a small war errupted between Tengku Antah and Tengku Dato 'Kelana of Sungai Ujong.The war erupted over the claim of power in Terachi. British troops captured the Parole and this causes Antah to retreated to Bukit putus            In December 1875, the British captured the hill next to Bukit Putus and then dominated the Kuala Jempol and Terachi region. In 1876, Tengku Antah was assited by Maharaja Abu Bakar. He help Tengku Antah rebuild his pride.            

Dato Maharajalelawas one of the eight chiefs of Perak.

Pandak Lam was a leader who later led the struggle against the British in Perak. Together with other leaders such as Dato ‘Sagor and Ngah Kandin, he planned an alliance to assassinate James Wheller Woodfird Birch (JWW Birch), the British Resident of Perak.

Birch was assassinated because of his disrespect to the local custom and tradition, and conflict with local Malay chiefs.Dato Maharajalela was found guilty for the murder of Birch by the presiding court from December 14 until December 22, 1876 in Matang, Perak. He was sentenced to death by hanging on January 20, 1877 in Taiping.

Syarif MasahorPowerful member who ruled. He was very influential and respectedBrooke's encroachment into local leaders' territory caused many locals to rebel, including Syarif Masahor. James Brooke departed for England at the end of 1857This allowed Masahor to put his plans into action. In July 1859, Masahor and his army attacked Brooke's outpost near Bukit Rejang in Kanowit. In the battle that ensued, the British forces gained the upper hand when Charles Brooke succeeded in ambushing and destroying all Masahor's ships.

Syarif Masahor died in Kerling, Selangor in 1890 and was buried there.

Dol Said

Dol Said or in full Dato' Abdul Said was a 19th century Malay leader of an area called NaningDol Said's defiance led the British to send 150 soldiers on July 15, 1831 to capture Naning led by Captain Wyllie.

The British realised that Naning can't easily be attacked, so British requested reinforcement from Yamtuan Muda Raja Ali in Rembau. Raja Ali agreed to send 600 troops to assist British on the attack of Naning.

In the second attack, Naning failed to receive military aids from his neighbours.Dol Said and the people of Naning was betrayed by the Malays of Rembau.

Mat Salleh• One of the more influential dissenting local chiefs

was Mat Salleh. He was born in Inanam, North Borneo, the son of the leader of the Royal Brunei, and became a governor at Sugud River.

• During the late 19th century North Borneo was under the administration of the British North Borneo Company.

• In 1895, Mat Salleh entered into a long running dispute with the Company. Salleh had taken issue with the Company imposing new rules on the Sugud River region, but the Company ignored his complaints.

• On January 31, 1900, he was shot dead in Kampung Toboh, Tambunan. His death left the rebellion movement leaderless and effectively ended it.

STRUGGLE THROUGH

LITERATURE &

NEGOTIATION

Struggle for Nationalism

Organizations and Mass media were used

FactorsExternal influenceEducation received

Outside Influence

JapanSucceeded in defeating Russia

TurkeyYoung Turkish Movement

EgyptMovement for the Revival of Islam in Egypt

IndonesiaIndonesian nationalist struggle against Holland

Mass Media

Al-ImanCreated by Syed Sheikh Al-HadiTo restore the faith of the Malays32 pages for 25 centsFinancial issues stopped it’s production

SaudaraCreated by Syed Sheikh Al-HadiCalled for the struggle of the young communityAppeal to the Malays to improveMalay language started to spread across Malaysia

MajlisLed by Abdul Rahim Kajai1st national newspaperForced the British to protect the rights of the Malays

Warta MalayaCreated awareness among the MalaysCriticized the British policies

Utusan MelayuLed by Abdul Rahim Kajai & Ishak Haji MuhamadSymbol of Malay unityFanned the spirit of nationalism among the Malays

Warta SarawakRaised the spirit of nationalism among the Malay society in SarawakUrged the British government to improve the standard of living of the Malays

ORGANIZATIONS

Singapore Malays UnionFormed in 1926To encourage Malays to be involved in the governmentFormed in 1938Force the British to increase Malay participation in the administrationImprove economic, political, situational of the Malays

Perak Malays UnionFormed in 1937Improve economic status To improve the education

Peninsular Malays UnionFormed in 1930Not received well

IMPORTA

NT

FIGURES

Syed Sheikh Al-Hadi1867-1934Born on the 22 of November 1867One of the 1st editors of the Al-Iman newspapersStarted “Jelutong Press”Spread the Malay literatureFocused on the education of religion

Tunku Abdul RahmanBapa Kemerdekaan / Bapa Malaysia1954 - Went to London to seek independence: Failed1955 – Went again with Tun Sri Tan Cheng Lock & Tun V. T. SambathanDominated politics: Alliance wins general elections (1959 & 1964)1969 – Alliance fell: Abdul Razak criticizedResigned as UMNO president in June 1971