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POST C IVIL WAR ERA
The Transcontinental Railroad
WORDS TO COPY ARE IN RED
The Building of the Transcontinental Railroad
Why did America Need to Transcontinental RR?
�Communication from East to West was not very good
�Travelling time from East to West took 6months +
� It would help fulfil ‘Manifest Destiny’
�The U.S. needed to keep up with other countries
�Trade links with China and Japan
�Help to bring law and order to the West
Visual Portrayal of
Manifest Destiny
Transcontinental RR
� Lincoln & Republicans promised Transcontinental RR in 1860
� 1862 – Congress passed Pacific RR Act (provided 2 companies to build a transcontinental line)
� Central Pacific built East from California
� Union Pacific built West from Nebraska
Central Pacific
Union Pacific
� Many workers were required to build the RR, including African Americans, Native Americans, but primarily relied on immigrants
� Central Pacific = Chinese immigrants
� Union Pacific = Irish immigrants
Neither group received much credit
for their work.
Labor Employed
Central Pacific Union Pacific
- Chinese immigrants - Irish immigrants
Who worked on the Railroad?
� Biggest Challenge – crossing the SierraNevada mountains
� Engineers (growing field) figured out how to make tunnels work.
Challenges
Central Pacific meets Union Pacific
Two ends connected at Promontory, Utah
May 10, 1869 – Transcontinental Railroad connected by a
golden spike
Growth of Railroads
� Railroads became more efficient after the Civil War
� Began to make the rails the same size & network = connect railroad lines to another
� Began to consolidate = combining smaller companies with larger ones
Examples: Ford bought Hummer
US Airways / America West
Time Warner bought AOL
� Huge railway companies were built
� Important RR businessmen:
Cornelius Vanderbilt (New York & Harlem Railroad)
J.P. Morgan (consolidated RRs)
James J. Hill (Great Northern Railway)
Edward Harriman (Illinois Central &
Union Pacific RRs)
Growth of Railroads (contd.)
The Effects of the Transcontinental RR
� Destroyed the Native Americans’ way of life
� Tied together the economies of the West & East
� Caused the U.S. to grow into an industrial giant (examples: lumber, steel, coal, aluminum industries)
� Helped people settle and farm the plains & valleys of the West.
� Helped develop the cattle industry
Effect of the Railroads: Effect of the Railroads: Effect of the Railroads: Effect of the Railroads: Destruction Destruction Destruction Destruction of the Indiansof the Indiansof the Indiansof the Indians
� Hunters used the Railroad to go west to hunt the buffalo
� Hunters were only interested in buffalo skin
� 1875 southern buffalo herds wiped out
� 1885 northern buffalo herds wiped out
� Indians depended on the buffalo, but now they were gone! �
Buffalo Slaughter
Effect Effect Effect Effect of the Railroadsof the Railroadsof the Railroadsof the Railroads::::Helps develop the Cattle IndustryHelps develop the Cattle IndustryHelps develop the Cattle IndustryHelps develop the Cattle Industry
� Cattle were transported by the railroads making it easier to move them from Texas to the East
� Cow Towns grew up around these railroad stops
� Changed the way people thought about the country & environment
� Pre-railroads = travel was hazardous, weather was difficult, needed water transport
� With railroads = in cold & heat the trains kept moving, railroads made straight paths to cities without water transport (ex. Denver, Cheyenne)
� Railroad agreed to a system of standard
time – creating 4 U.S. time zones
� 1884 – worldwide time zones created
The Effects of the Transcontinental RR(Continued)
Time Zones
Credits
• http://www.dianadiehlpresents.com/2011/10/the-story-of-sharp-
eyes/
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/iron/teachers.html
• http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist383/CentralPacific.html
• http://www.history.com/topics/transcontinental-
railroad/videos#transcontinental-railroad