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The Turning PointThe Turning PointThe United States Enters, The United States Enters,
Russia ExitsRussia Exits
When World When World War I began, War I began, the the US remained US remained neutralneutral
Believed that World War I Believed that World War I was a was a “European affair”“European affair”
Early US Early US PolicyPolicy
Supplied Supplied food, food, raw materials, raw materials, weapons & money weapons & money to belligerent to belligerent nationsnations
Insisted on Insisted on free trade & free trade & traveltravel
Early US Early US PolicyPolicy
Germany sunk a Germany sunk a British shipBritish ship
Had been Had been carrying carrying supplies & 128 supplies & 128 AmericansAmericans
The The LusitaniaLusitania: : May1915May1915
The The US warned US warned Germany to back Germany to back off off
Germany Germany temporarily temporarily endedended unrestricted sub unrestricted sub warfarewarfare
The The LusitaniaLusitania: : May 1915May 1915
In the US In the US most news most news about the about the war war came came from GBfrom GB
British British PropagandaPropaganda
British British PropagandaPropaganda
Exaggerated Exaggerated German German atrocities atrocities against British against British citizenscitizens
Affected US Affected US public opinionpublic opinion
Zimmerman Zimmerman Telegram: Telegram: March 1917March 1917
Message Message from from German German foreign foreign ministerminister to to MexicoMexico
Zimmerman Zimmerman Telegram: Telegram: March 1917March 1917
Promised Mexico the return Promised Mexico the return of New Mexico, Texas & of New Mexico, Texas & Arizona in exchange for Arizona in exchange for attacking USattacking US
The The British intercepted the British intercepted the telegram & shared with UStelegram & shared with US
MAD!!MAD!!
German Submarine German Submarine WarfareWarfare
Germany Germany resumed resumed unrestricted unrestricted submarine warfaresubmarine warfare
Germany sank Germany sank 4 US 4 US merchant ships merchant ships during the winter of during the winter of 19171917
4/2/1917 –4/2/1917 –Wilson asked Wilson asked Congress for Congress for a declaration a declaration of warof war
4/6/1917 – 4/6/1917 – Congress Congress voted to enter war voted to enter war on the side of on the side of AlliesAllies
Meanwhile...Meanwhile...In Russia…In Russia…
Russia Before World Russia Before World War IWar I
Autocratic Autocratic empireempire
Great Great povertypoverty
Limited Limited industryindustry
Russia During World Russia During World War IWar I
Cut off from all supplies & Cut off from all supplies & allies…allies…
However, Russia greatly However, Russia greatly aided the war effort by aided the war effort by diverting German troopsdiverting German troops from attacking France & from attacking France & Great BritainGreat Britain
Russia’s ProblemsRussia’s Problems Morale was Morale was VERY LOWVERY LOW Over Over ¾ of soldiers had no ¾ of soldiers had no
gungun; had to retrieve guns ; had to retrieve guns from dead soldiersfrom dead soldiers
Inadequate transportationInadequate transportation Food shortages in the citiesFood shortages in the cities
The Problems of the The Problems of the CzarCzar Czar Nicholas II:Czar Nicholas II:
Unpopular & Unpopular & incompetentincompetent
Relied on Relied on mystic mystic healer Rasputinhealer Rasputin
Chose NOT to reform Chose NOT to reform the governmentthe government
11stst Russian Russian Revolution: Revolution: March 1917March 1917
Nicholas II was Nicholas II was overthrownoverthrown Leaders of the revolution Leaders of the revolution
promised to promised to establish a establish a constitutional governmentconstitutional government
Now Now all Allied Powers had all Allied Powers had democratic forms of democratic forms of governmentgovernment
The Provisional The Provisional GovernmentGovernment
Temporary Russian Temporary Russian Government:Government:
Constitutional assemblyConstitutional assembly
Kerensky:Kerensky: Prime Minister Prime Minister of the of the
provisional government provisional government Continued to support the Continued to support the
war effortwar effort Rival Group – Rival Group – Soviets Soviets
(socialist workers councils)(socialist workers councils)
The Provisional The Provisional GovernmentGovernment
The Provisional The Provisional GovernmentGovernment
Soviets called for Soviets called for immediate immediate peace, transfer of land to peace, transfer of land to the peasants & control of the peasants & control of factories by workersfactories by workers
Provisional government Provisional government lost lost its supportits support
Opens the Door for Opens the Door for Revolution: Socialism Revolution: Socialism
EntersEnters Revolutionary groups tried Revolutionary groups tried
to fill the role of the to fill the role of the governmentgovernment
Bolsheviks:Bolsheviks: Radical group that wanted to Radical group that wanted to
introduce a socialist society introduce a socialist society by forceby force
Lenin & The BolsheviksLenin & The Bolsheviks LeninLenin:: Leader of the Leader of the
Bolsheviks Bolsheviks (communists)(communists)
Germany Germany aided Lenin in aided Lenin in order to get order to get Russia out of Russia out of the warthe war
22ndnd Russian Revolution Russian Revolution
1917:1917: Bolsheviks staged a Bolsheviks staged a coup coup
d’etat d’etat Established a Established a communist statecommunist state Ended private propertyEnded private property Distributed land among Distributed land among
peasantspeasants
Russia Withdraws from Russia Withdraws from WarWar
March 1918:March 1918: Russia withdrew from WWI Russia withdrew from WWI Treaty of Brest-Litovsk:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russia lost much of its Russia lost much of its
western territory; western territory; 33% of its 33% of its populationpopulation
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, UkrainePoland, Ukraine
Benefit for Germany?Benefit for Germany? After Russia After Russia
withdrew from withdrew from the war, the war, Germany only Germany only had to deal had to deal with a with a single-single-front warfront war
Benefit for Germany?Benefit for Germany? Germany hoped to launch a Germany hoped to launch a
final offensive on the Western final offensive on the Western Front in order to force peace Front in order to force peace before the US became too before the US became too involvedinvolved
Spring 1918:Spring 1918: Last German offensiveLast German offensive