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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

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Page 1: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

The War of 1812

Page 2: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

What are some major events leading to the War of 1812?

U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized.

Britain required licenses for ships bound for EuropeFrance confiscated cargo from licensed ships

Impressment of American sailors British Navy kidnapped sailors off American ships and had them join the British Navy

Page 3: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

What are some major events leading to the War of 1812?

Economic Diplomacy Fails

Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with EuropeEmbargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

Page 4: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Farewell JeffersonEnter James Madison

Jefferson did not want to run for 3rd termMadison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State

Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers Considered the most important contributor to the ConstitutionShortest President

Why was it odd that Jefferson chose Madison as his Secretary of State?

Page 5: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Madison’s role leading up to the War of 1812?

Non-Intercourse ActForbade trade with France and Britain;

President could reopen trade

Do you think this would be successful?

War HawksSouthern Congressmen favored war with Britain, even though it hurt the North

Why do you think the War Hawks want war?

Page 6: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Benefits of war with Britain?

Reopening of trade

National Pride

Stop the impressment of sailors

CANADA

Page 7: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Drawbacks to going to war?

Not everyone wanted to go to war

Military was smallArmy made up mostly of state militias; did not like to fight outside of their state

Navy was small - only 22 ships

Britain was a great military superpower and, on paper, could crush us like a bug

Could lose territory

Page 8: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Native Populations Before the War

Natives could either become farmers and join White society or move west of the Mississippi

One Native American leader, Tecumseh, taught his followers to reject White culture and allied with the British

1811: The Battle of Tippecanoe - U.S. forces attacked Tecumseh’s settlements, burning them to the ground.

Page 9: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Declaration of War

June, 1812: Madison asked Congress for declaration of war

Vote was split along regional lines

War started with invasion of Canada

Page 10: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

War Begins!

August 1812: USS Constitution sank the British Guerriere

The naval war moved into the Great Lakes and the US wins the Battle of Lake Erie

Americans made several unsuccessful attempts at invading Canada

Tennessee militia leader Andrew Jackson led a force against the Creeks (Native tribe) at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Women, children, and warriors were massacred

Page 11: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

The Roof is on Fire…August 1814: British forces sailed into Chesapeake Bay, captured Washington D.C.Burn the White House and the CapitolMadison and Congress barely escapeDolly Madison famously saves the portrait of George Washington

Page 12: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Oh Say Can You See…Unlike D.C., Baltimore was ready for the BritishCity militia inflicted heavy casualties on the BritishAfter bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814, British abandon the attackFrancis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

Page 13: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Treaty of GhentTreaty was negotiated in Europe Signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812The War ended in a stalemate, no one gained or lost any territory The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own

Page 14: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

Battle of New Orleans

Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)

Pirates and frontiersman fought alongside U.S. troops

Made Andrew Jackson a national hero and household name

Ensured treaty ratification

Page 15: The War of 1812. What are some major events leading to the War of 1812? U.S. shipping was being harassed, cargo was seized. Britain required licenses

If the War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

Gave the United States a national identityAble to hold their own against the British

Started thinking about continuing westward expansion

Ended bad feelings toward the British

Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the western frontiersmen