4
Title: The White Tiger Author: Aravind Adiga Publication Date: 2008 Pages: 288 Characters: Balram’s names: Return Address: “The White Tiger”, A Thinking Man, And an Entrepreneur Name on the Wanted Poster: Balram Halwai alias MUNNA son of Vikram Halwai Munna : Means boy, the name given to him by his parents who didn’t have time to name him Balram : Name given to him by his teacher Halwai : Means sweetmaker, his caste, leaves him only useful as a tea server Ashok Sharma : Balram’s name in Bangalore Vikram Halwai : Balram’s father Kusum : Balram’s grandmother Kishan : Balram’s brother Balram’s Uncles : Munnu, Jayram, Divyram, and Umesh Balram’s Aunts : Rabri, Shalini, Malini, Luttu, Jaydevi and Ruchi Balram’s Cousin : Pappu Balram’s CousinSister : Reena Dharam : Luttu Auntie’s fourth son. Sent to Balram so that he could teach him how to be a driver. The Buffalo : Landlord of Laxmangarh, The Stork : Thakur Ramdev, Landlord of Laxmangarh, father of Ashok and Mukesh Sir, brother of the Wild Boar, owned the river, president of the Laxmangarh branch of the Great Socialist’s party The Wild Boar : Landlord of Laxmangarh, the Stork’s brother, owned the agricultural land The Raven : Landlord of Laxmangarh, owned the rocky land Vijay : Bus conductor from Laxmangarh, supported the Great Socialist, became the Stork’s right hand man, eventual businessman who is more important than Ashok, Balram’s childhood hero. Mr. Ashok : Balram’s master, son of the Stork, works in coal, bribes people, would be nickname “The Lamb” Pinky Madam : Ashok’s wife and then exwife, not of Ashok’s caste, wants to return to US Mukesh Sir : Nicknamed “the Mongoose”, the Stork’s son, brother of Ashok, pushed Ashok into bribing people Roshan : Muken Sir’s son Uma : Ashok’s new/former girlfriend Ram Bahadur : The Nepali, servant of the Stork His Excellency Wen Jiabao : Premier of China, addressee of the book Mohammad Asif : One of Balram’s drivers in India, hits a boy on a bike

The White Tiger Notes

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The White Tiger Notes

Title:  The  White  Tiger  Author:  Aravind  Adiga  Publication  Date:  2008  Pages:  288    Characters:    Balram’s  names:  Return  Address:  “The  White  Tiger”,  A  Thinking  Man,  And  an  Entrepreneur  Name  on  the  Wanted  Poster:  Balram  Halwai  alias  MUNNA  son  of  Vikram  Halwai  Munna:  Means  boy,  the  name  given  to  him  by  his  parents  who  didn’t  have  time  to  name  him  Balram:  Name  given  to  him  by  his  teacher  Halwai:  Means  sweet-­‐maker,  his  caste,  leaves  him  only  useful  as  a  tea  server  Ashok  Sharma:  Balram’s  name  in  Bangalore    Vikram  Halwai:  Balram’s  father  Kusum:  Balram’s  grandmother  Kishan:  Balram’s  brother  Balram’s  Uncles:  Munnu,  Jayram,  Divyram,  and  Umesh  Balram’s  Aunts:  Rabri,  Shalini,  Malini,  Luttu,  Jaydevi  and  Ruchi  Balram’s  Cousin:  Pappu  Balram’s  Cousin-­‐Sister:  Reena  Dharam:  Luttu  Auntie’s  fourth  son.  Sent  to  Balram  so  that  he  could  teach  him  how  to  be  a  driver.    The  Buffalo:  Landlord  of  Laxmangarh,  The  Stork:  Thakur  Ramdev,  Landlord  of  Laxmangarh,  father  of  Ashok  and  Mukesh  Sir,  brother  of  the  Wild  Boar,  owned  the  river,  president  of  the  Laxmangarh  branch  of  the  Great  Socialist’s  party  The  Wild  Boar:  Landlord  of  Laxmangarh,  the  Stork’s  brother,  owned  the  agricultural  land  The  Raven:  Landlord  of  Laxmangarh,  owned  the  rocky  land  Vijay:  Bus  conductor  from  Laxmangarh,  supported  the  Great  Socialist,  became  the  Stork’s  right  hand  man,  eventual  businessman  who  is  more  important  than  Ashok,  Balram’s  childhood  hero.    Mr.  Ashok:  Balram’s  master,  son  of  the  Stork,  works  in  coal,  bribes  people,  would  be  nickname  “The  Lamb”  Pinky  Madam:  Ashok’s  wife  and  then  ex-­‐wife,  not  of  Ashok’s  caste,  wants  to  return  to  US  Mukesh  Sir:  Nicknamed  “the  Mongoose”,  the  Stork’s  son,  brother  of  Ashok,  pushed  Ashok  into  bribing  people  Roshan:  Muken  Sir’s  son  Uma:  Ashok’s  new/former  girlfriend    Ram  Bahadur:  The  Nepali,  servant  of  the  Stork  His  Excellency  Wen  Jiabao:  Premier  of  China,  addressee  of  the  book  Mohammad  Asif:  One  of  Balram’s  drivers  in  India,  hits  a  boy  on  a  bike  

Page 2: The White Tiger Notes

Summary:    

1. We  learn  about  his  upbringing.  His  family  was  poor  in  a  poor  village.  He  was  taken  out  of  school  at  an  early  age  to  help  pay  off  a  family  debt.  This  was  after  a  government  official  called  him  a  "white  tiger"  because  with  his  intelligence  he  was  the  type  that  only  came  along  once  in  a  generation.  

2. Balram  and  his  brother  move  to  Dhanbad.  They  take  a  job  in  a  teashop,  but  Balram  decides  that  he  wants  more  and  he  convinces  his  grandmother  to  send  him  money  to  learn  how  to  drive.  After  begging  for  a  job,  he  ends  up  at  the  Stork's  house,  where  he  becomes  the  2nd  driver  and  sends  the  money  back  home.  He  eavesdrops  on  the  family's  conversations  learning  about  their  lives.  Eventually  he  drives  Mr.  Ashok,  the  Stork's  son,  back  home  to  his  village.  He  gets  to  see  his  family,  but  leaves  them  angry  as  he  refuses  to  marry.  

3. Balram  finds  out  that  driver  number  he  is  a  secret  Muslim  pretending  to  be  Hindu,  and  that  the  Nephtali  is  in  on  it.  He  casually  lets  them  know  that  he  knows,  and  he  becomes  the  no  1  driver.  We  also  learn  about  voting  politics  in  India  and  about  the  Great  Socialist.  

4. Balsam  goes  to  New  Delhi  as  a  driver  for  the  sons  and  Pinky  Madame.  Mukesh  Sir  thinks  that  Balram  is  stealing;  Mr.  Ashok  asks  nothing  the  brothers  bribe  the  government  minister.  Eventually  the  brothers  get  angry  at  one  another  and  Mukesh  Sir  leaves.  On  night,  Pinky  Madame  and  Mr.  Ashok  get  drunk  and  take  the  wheel  of  the  car.  Pinky  Madame  hits  a  child  and  they  all  drive  away.  The  next  morning,  Mukesh  Sir  arrives  from  Dhanbad  tries  to  get  Balram  to  sign  his  name  to  say  that  he  hit  the  child  while  driving.  

5. No  one  reported  seeing  the  accident,  so  Balram  is  clear.  Soon  afterwards  he  drives  Pinky  Madam  to  the  airport;  she  leaves  her  husband.  Kusum  sends  a  letter  through  Mukesh  Sir,  which  he  reads.  It  blackmails  Balram  into  either  marrying  or  sending  money  or  she'll  tell  his  employer  that  he's  not  sending  the  money  home.  

6. Pinky  Madam  leaves  Ashok  in  the  middle  of  the  night  and  has  Balram  drive  her  to  the  airport.  Ashok  takes  up  with  his  old  girlfriend.  Ashok  goes  to  bribe  the  minister  and  the  minister's  assistant  insists  upon  taking  him  out  for  a  prostitute  that  looks  like  Kim  Basinger.  Balram  becomes  obsessed  with  sleeping  with  a  blonde  prostitute  and  another  driver  helps  him  find  one,  he  steals  from  his  boss  to  pay  her,  but  she  is  fake  blonde,  and  Balram  is  mad.  When  he  comes  home  his  boss  wants  o  be  nice  to  him.  Suddenly  Balram  is  mad  and  wants  to  overcome  his  coop  status.  He  starts  to  think  about  it  often.  He  starts  to  plan.  Wile  he's  planning  is  nephew  comes  to  live  with  him  on  is  grandmother's  orders.  He  continues  his  plan,  and  one  day  he  murders  Ashok  with  a  broken  Johnny  Walker  bottle  on  the  way  to  bribe  a  government  official,  even  though  the  government  is  falling  on  Election  Day.  He  takes  the  money  and  goes  to  the  train  station.  

7. Balram  travels  to  Bangalore  and  takes  a  new  name,  Ashok  Dharma.  He  starts  a  business  as  an  "end  of  the  night"  taxi  driver  to  outsourcing  companies.  He  bribes  his  way  in  and  is  now  successful,  he  has  eluded  capture  because  the  picture  of  him  on  the  wanted  poster  is  so  bad.  He  then  muses  on  Master  v  servant  and  eventually  declares  that  as  an  entrepreneur  he  has  to  move  on  eventually  and  try  something  new.  He's  thinking  real  estate.

Page 3: The White Tiger Notes

Themes:    Class  Master  and  Servant  “Entrepreneurship”  Good  vs.  Evil    Questions  (some  taken  from  the  guide  at  the  end  of  the  book):      

1. Let’s  talk  about  class:  a. Why  does  Balram  consistently  mention  the  statue  of  Ghandi?  Or  Ghandi  in  general?  b. Ashok  calls  Balram  “half-­‐baked”  because  of  his  education.  What  does  Balram  do  to  educate  himself?  

How  does  this  make  him  different  or  similar  from  other  men  in  his  situation?  c. Balram  talks  often  about  the  Light  and  the  Darkness.  What  are  your  impressions  of  the  two  and  why  do  

they  exist?  d. How  do  the  Light  and  the  Darkness,  family  relations,  religion,  and  the  caste  system  contribute  to  the  

“Rooster  coup”  2. Let’s  talk  about  politics:  

a. Why  do  you  think  that  this  book  is  written  to  the  Premier  of  China?  i. What  similarities  does  he  see  between  himself  and  the  Premier?  

b. What  does  he  think  about  “The  Great  Socialist”?  i. What  similarities  do  you  see  between  “The  Great  Socialist”  and  Balram  

3. Let’s  talk  about  morals:  a. What  do  you  think  about  Balram?  Charming?  Deceptive?  Intelligent?    

i. How  does  the  fact  that  it’s  from  his,  maybe  twisted,  point  of  view  change  how  you  view  the  book?  

b. Balram  always  seems  to  think  that  he  deserves  more  than  everyone.  Does  that  make  him  good  or  bad?  c. When  do  you  think  that  he  snapped?  

i. Perhaps  the  Kim  Basinger  prostitute?  The  rich  always  have  the  best?  d. Do  you  think  that  Balram  is  a  sociopath?  

i. He  abandons  his  family,  even  though  he  knows  that  they  will  likely  be  killed.  ii. He  seems  unconcerned  with  his  own  bribery  and  blackmail,  but  he  notes  it  in  Dharam  and  

complains  about  the  next  generation.  iii. But  sociopaths  are  born,  not  made,  and  he  didn’t  get  into  the  business  to  manipulate  people.  iv. He  starts  out  loving  his  family,  but  eventually  leaves  them  behind  

e. What  did  you  think  of  other  people’s  morals:  i. Ashok  and  Pinky  Madam  after  they  hit  the  child  with  the  car  ii. Balram  after  Mohammad  Asif  hits  a  boy  on  a  bike  

f. Paradox:  In  order  to  life  freely,  Balram  has  to  kill  Ashok.  i. Why  did  Balram  kill  him?  ii. Do  you  think  that  he  was  justified?  

g. Why  does  Balram  go  back  for  Dharam?  i. How  does  this  contrast  with  his  decision  to  abandon  his  family’s  monetary  needs  and  his  

decision  that  he  doesn’t  care  what  the  Stork  does  to  his  family?  4. “The  novel  reveals  an  India  that  is  as  unforgiving  as  it  is  promising.  Do  you  think  of  the  novel,  ultimately,  as  a  

cautionary  tale  or  a  hopeful  one?”  

Page 4: The White Tiger Notes

Quotes    “My  country  is  the  kind  where  it  pays  to  play  it  both  ways:  the  Indian  entrepreneur  has  to  be  straight  and  crooked,  mocking  and  believing,  sly  and  sincere,  at  the  same  time.”    “Those  who  live  in  this  place  call  it  the  Darkness.  Please  understand,  Your  Excellency,  that  India  is  two  countries  in  one:  an  India  of  Light,  and  an  India  of  Darkness.  The  ocean  brings  light  to  my  country.  Every  place  on  the  map  of  India  near  the  ocean  is  well  off.  But  the  river  brings  darkness  to  India—the  black  river.”    “Rickshaw-­‐puller  he  may  have  been—a  human  beast  of  burden—but  my  father  was  a  man  with  a  plan.  I  was  his  plan.”    “The  inspector  pointed  his  cane  straight  at  me.  ‘You,  young  man,  are  an  intelligent,  honest,  vivacious  fellow  in  this  crowd  of  thugs  and  idiots.  In  any  jungle,  what  is  the  rarest  of  animals—the  creature  that  comes  along  only  once  in  a  generation?’  I  thought  about  it  and  said:  ‘The  white  tiger.’  ‘That’s  what  you  are,  in  this  jungle.’”    “There  you  have  it.  That  was  the  positive  side  of  the  Great  Socialist.  He  humiliated  all  our  masters—that’s  why  we  kept  voting  him  back  in.”    “Every  day,  on  the  road  of  Delhi,  some  chauffeur  is  driving  an  empty  car  with  a  black  suitcase  sitting  on  the  backseat.  Inside  that  suitcase  is  a  million,  two  million  rupees;  more  money  than  that  chauffeur  will  see  in  his  lifetime.  If  he  took  the  money  he  could  go  to  America,  Australia,  anywhere,  and  start  a  new  life.  He  could  go  inside  the  five-­‐star  hotels  he  has  dreamed  about  all  his  life  and  only  seen  from  the  outside.  He  could  take  his  family  to  Goa,  to  England.  Yet  he  takes  that  black  suitcase  where  his  master  wants.  He  puts  it  down  where  he  is  meant  to,  and  never  touches  a  rupee.  Why?  Because  Indians  are  the  world’s  most  honest  people,  like  the  prime  minister’s  booklet  will  inform  you?  No.  It’s  because  99.9  percent  of  us  are  caught  in  the  Rooster-­‐Coup  just  like  those  poor  guys  in  the  poultry  market.”    “The  answer  to  the  second  question  is  that  only  a  man  who  is  prepared  to  see  his  family  destroyed-­‐hunted,  beaten,  and  burned  alive  by  the  masters-­‐can  break  out  of  the  coop.  That  would  take  no  normal  human  being,  but  a  freak,  a  pervert  of  nature.  It  would,  in  fact,  take  a  White  Tiger.  You  are  listening  to  the  story  of  a  social  entrepreneur,  sir.”    “The  strangest  thing  was  that  each  time  I  looked  at  the  cast  I  had  made  by  cheating  him,  instead  of  guilt,  what  did  I  feel?  Rage.  The  more  I  stole  from  him,  the  more  I  realized  how  much  he  had  stolen  from  me.”    “That’s  why,  one  day,  some  wise  men,  out  of  compassion  for  the  poor,  left  them  signs  and  symbols  in  poems,  which  appear  to  be  about  roses  and  pretty  girls  and  things  like  that,  but  when  understood  correctly  spill  out  secrets  that  allow  the  poorest  man  on  earth  to  conclude  the  ten-­‐thousand-­‐year-­‐old  brain-­‐war  on  terms  favorable  to  himself.  Now,  the  four  greatest  of  these  wise  poets  were  Rumi,  Iqbal,  Mirza  Ghalib,  and  another  fellow  whose  name  I  was  told  but  have  forgotten.”    “I  was  looking  for  the  key  for  years  /  But  the  door  was  always  open.”    “It’s  just  that  here,  if  a  man  wants  to  be  god,  he  can  be  good.  In  Laxmangarh,  he  doesn’t  even  have  this  choice.  That  is  the  difference  between  this  India  and  that  India:  the  choice.”    “I’ll  give  you  the  same  answer  to  your  question,  Mr.  Jiabao.  You  are,  ‘Are  you  a  man  or  a  demon?’  Neither,  I  say.  I  have  woken  up,  and  the  rest  of  you  are  still  sleeping,  and  that  is  the  only  different  between  us.”    “You  see,  I’m  always  a  man  who  sees  ‘tomorrow’  when  others  see  ‘today’.”    “I’ll  say  it  was  all  worthwhile  to  know,  just  for  a  day,  just  for  an  hour,  just  for  a  minute,  what  it  means  not  to  be  a  servant.”