The worlds newest plants may be obsolete tomorrow Energy: The Ultimate Commodity. In addition to labor and markets, a major problem facing the en­ergy intensive industries con­tinues to be the availability of raw materials. Such as: timber for pulp and paper, ore for refining metals, fuels for utilities, and basic feed­stocks for chemical processing. As a result, a major site planning emphasis for these industries revolves around the availability and flow of supply. But these raw materials are of little value without economical energy to assist their conversion to finished products. Therefore, a plant which is installed without giving careful consideration to its energy and interacting environment needs may be obsolete before it becomes operational. Evaluating the Energy Component. Whether your company is planning the construction of a major new facility or the modification of an existing plant, all considerations must include fuel and power supply sources. What fuel will be used? Where will it come from? How much is available? What does it cost now? What will it cost a year from now.. .in two years.. .in ten? How will it be transported? And, most important, how best can it be efficiently converted into useful work? Alternative Energy Source Evaluation. 70 Years of Experience. Ebasco has been designing, engineering, and constructing power generating and other energy facilities for 70 years. Hydroelectric, fossil-fueled and nuclear plants for the util­ities, government, and industry. And beyond the conven­tional generation of electric power, Ebasco's engineers have also been evaluating advanced fuel cycles, converting plants from one energy source to another, and relating basic process design cost/benefit considerations to energy effi­ciency. This demonstrated expertise is available to all in­dustries nationwide and worldwide. In everything from nuclear and fossil fuels to the upcoming considerations for refuse recycling, coal gasification, and coal liquefaction. Energy Expense vs. Environmental Effect. While the basic energy cost of any end product is under

review, it is now necessary to consider, more than ever before, environmental regulation—both short and long term —and its relative impact on end-product cost. Control technology is very expensive. Ebasco experts have also been pioneers in this field, working with utilities, state and local governments, and regulatory authorities in meeting standards for the various effluent guidelines for air and water pollution control. Energy and Capital Considerations in International Expansion.

Just as regulatory, raw material, and capital requirements have changed radically within the United States, they have also undergone metamorphoses in other nations throughout the world. Ebasco's experience in working in more than 60 countries in everything from basic utility development and capital financing to major construction projects can be of significant help to your company's international development plans. In the Americas, in the Common Market, in the Orient, in Eastern Europe, or in the emerging nations—Ebasco may be on site with relevant experience to help in planning and plans realization. A Planning Program for Energy Intensive Industries from Ebasco's Energy Process Engineers. Ebasco is prepared to assist companies in meeting their ex­pansion plans and energy conversion needs with an ex­perienced staff of highly trained engineering, construction, financial, and regulatory experts. The time to begin max­imizing energy resources is in the planning and design stages, because the economical future of many industries will depend upon the future outlook for energy availability and cost.

For more complete information on Ebasco's capabilities for service to the energy intensive industries and our wide range of design, engineering, construction, and consulting services—please write to:

Director, Industrial Operations, Ebasco Services Incor­porated, 2 Rector Street, New York, New York 10006. Or call: (212) 785-4504.

Engineers · Constructors · Consultants Ebasco Services Incorporated, 2 Rector Street, New York, New York 10006, Tel: (212) 785-2200

32 C&ENNov. 29, 1976