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The Effects of Na.onalism
Italian Unifica.on • Giuseppe Mazzini – Unite Italy
• Kingdom of Sardinia – Most powerful city-‐state
• Camillo di Cavour – Napoleon III and Austria
• Giuseppe Garibaldi – Sicily – Handed the south to Victor Emmanuel
• July 1871 – Rome capital of united Italy
German Unifica.on • Prussia leads unifica.on • OQo von Bismarck – Junkers – wealthy land-‐owners – Realpoli.k – “poli.cs of reality”
• 1863 – Polish Revolt – Secured Eastern border
• 1864 – Seven Weeks’ War – Prussians gained control of N. German territory
• 1867 – Franco-‐Prussian War – Final stage in German unifica.on
• Wilhelm I is named Kaiser
Empires Crumble • Mul.-‐cultural empires – OQoman Empire • Too many cultures and na.onalism spreading
– Austria Empire • Hungarians threatened to leave unless they got some power