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There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

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There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter. ISO in digital cameras is the measure of the digital sensor’s light sensitivity; in film cameras it is the film speed. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter
Page 2: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter.and shutter.

ISO in digital cameras is the measure of the digital ISO in digital cameras is the measure of the digital sensor’s light sensitivity; in film cameras it is the sensor’s light sensitivity; in film cameras it is the film speed.film speed.

Aperture is the hole in the lens that allows light Aperture is the hole in the lens that allows light through. The larger the hole, the less depth of field through. The larger the hole, the less depth of field you will have. Aperture is measured in F-Stops, you will have. Aperture is measured in F-Stops, where the smaller the number, the bigger the where the smaller the number, the bigger the opening.opening.

Shutter speed is how fast the shutter opens and Shutter speed is how fast the shutter opens and closes to create an image. The longer it is open, closes to create an image. The longer it is open, the more light that is let into the lens.the more light that is let into the lens.

Page 3: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter
Page 4: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Units called Kelvin are a standard method of Units called Kelvin are a standard method of describing colour temperatures in any situation.describing colour temperatures in any situation.

The “warmer” the colour looks, the lower its The “warmer” the colour looks, the lower its number on the Kelvin Scalenumber on the Kelvin Scale

Page 5: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

The process of removing unrealistic color casts so that objects The process of removing unrealistic color casts so that objects which appear white in person are white in a photowhich appear white in person are white in a photo

Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth

or coolness of white lightor coolness of white light

Page 6: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

TYPES of LIGHTTYPES of LIGHT

Page 7: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Ambient LightAmbient Light

The available natural light completely The available natural light completely surrounding a subject. Light already surrounding a subject. Light already existing in an indoor or outdoor setting existing in an indoor or outdoor setting that is not caused by any illumination that is not caused by any illumination supplied by the photographer i.e. not by supplied by the photographer i.e. not by artificial light source.artificial light source.

Page 8: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Artificial LightArtificial Light

Light from a man-made source, usually restricted to studio photo lamp and domestic lighting.

Page 9: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Diffuse Lighting

Lighting that is low or moderate in contrast, such as on an overcast day.

Page 10: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Direct Light

Light that is shown on the subject could be natural or artificial.

Page 11: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Fill Light

Light that is bounced into a scene.

Page 12: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Light Direction

Above left right and bottom, and backlit.

Page 13: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

The main difference between straight and artistic The main difference between straight and artistic lighting is mood. Mood-setting moves beyond technical lighting is mood. Mood-setting moves beyond technical photo terms and into creative light design. It's not hard photo terms and into creative light design. It's not hard to do if you know how to control three basic lighting to do if you know how to control three basic lighting components: key, contrast and color. First you need to components: key, contrast and color. First you need to be clear about exactly which mood you're after: sunny, be clear about exactly which mood you're after: sunny, dreamy, desolate, scary, etc. For instance, midnight dreamy, desolate, scary, etc. For instance, midnight lighting is equally dark, blue and contrasted for both lighting is equally dark, blue and contrasted for both strolling lovers and lurking vampires.strolling lovers and lurking vampires.

Page 14: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Hard Light: You create hard lighting primarily Hard Light: You create hard lighting primarily with a spotlight type source. The outcome of with a spotlight type source. The outcome of the light is highly directional and the light rays the light is highly directional and the light rays are almost parallel. Because the light beams are almost parallel. Because the light beams are somewhat parallel, they can be interrupted are somewhat parallel, they can be interrupted by lighting equipment like a “barn door” or a by lighting equipment like a “barn door” or a flag (a large black rectangle held in place by a flag (a large black rectangle held in place by a stand). This creates a relatively sharp, straight stand). This creates a relatively sharp, straight shadow where the light path is interrupted. shadow where the light path is interrupted.

Page 15: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Soft Light: All soft light sources are large, ranging from Soft Light: All soft light sources are large, ranging from somewhat large to extremely large and their light is not somewhat large to extremely large and their light is not aimed by anything precise. Soft light is a light that gives aimed by anything precise. Soft light is a light that gives the illusion of wrapping around the object of focus, and the illusion of wrapping around the object of focus, and it creates a very soft edge. Soft light depends on 2 it creates a very soft edge. Soft light depends on 2 main factors; distance and the size of the light source. main factors; distance and the size of the light source. The closer and larger the light source, the softer the The closer and larger the light source, the softer the edges. The softness of the light can also be depicted edges. The softness of the light can also be depicted on the angle of the light. The larger the angle, the on the angle of the light. The larger the angle, the softer the light.softer the light.

Page 16: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

SnootsSnoots - metal cylinders with open ends, - metal cylinders with open ends, usually painted black, are used to limit the size usually painted black, are used to limit the size of the circular area projected. Short, wide of the circular area projected. Short, wide snoots give a large circle of light; long, narrow snoots give a large circle of light; long, narrow snoots give a small circle of light.snoots give a small circle of light.

Page 17: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

UmbrellasUmbrellas - working as reflectors on flood lights, they - working as reflectors on flood lights, they convert harsh light into soft, diffused light. Metalized convert harsh light into soft, diffused light. Metalized umbrellas throw a somewhat directional light, but the umbrellas throw a somewhat directional light, but the light is softer and spread over a larger area than the light is softer and spread over a larger area than the light emitted by the original light source.light emitted by the original light source.

Page 18: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

DiffusersDiffusers - similar to umbrellas, these are - similar to umbrellas, these are made of translucent or mesh materials that, made of translucent or mesh materials that, when placed in a light beam, break up or when placed in a light beam, break up or diffuse and soften the light.diffuse and soften the light.

Page 19: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Barn DoorsBarn Doors - made for spotlights and - made for spotlights and floodlights, these accessories can be floodlights, these accessories can be positioned to block or feather a portion of light.positioned to block or feather a portion of light.

Page 20: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Lens HoodsLens Hoods - these prevent lens flare from - these prevent lens flare from happening, which happens when a direct light happening, which happens when a direct light source, such as sun or strobe, is present.source, such as sun or strobe, is present.

Page 21: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Built into the cameraBuilt into the camera Small and not very powerfulSmall and not very powerful Point light sources, which means a very harsh Point light sources, which means a very harsh

light qualitylight quality Adequate light for 15 feetAdequate light for 15 feet

Page 22: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

More powerful and used for bigger distancesMore powerful and used for bigger distances Colour temperature is the same colour of Colour temperature is the same colour of

daylight’s temperaturedaylight’s temperature Has ability to tilt and swivel which gives it Has ability to tilt and swivel which gives it

flexibility bouncing the light from the flashflexibility bouncing the light from the flash

Page 23: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Cameras can continuously measure the light Cameras can continuously measure the light reflecting from a subject reflecting from a subject

This reading can help to automatically set a This reading can help to automatically set a shutter speed and aperture for the correct shutter speed and aperture for the correct exposure in that lighting situation when you exposure in that lighting situation when you press the shutter button halfway downpress the shutter button halfway down

Page 24: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

There are three directions of light:There are three directions of light: Front LightingFront Lighting - when the sun is behind the photographer; - when the sun is behind the photographer;

this often makes the photo appear flattened, doing nothing this often makes the photo appear flattened, doing nothing to bring out detail or show depthto bring out detail or show depth

Back LightingBack Lighting - when the sun is in front of the - when the sun is in front of the photographer; this technique is suggested when shooting photographer; this technique is suggested when shooting people, as it reduces the amount of squinting, as well as people, as it reduces the amount of squinting, as well as when shooting silhouetteswhen shooting silhouettes

Side LightingSide Lighting - when the light is coming from any direction - when the light is coming from any direction other than directly in front or behind of the photographer; other than directly in front or behind of the photographer; often emphasizes texture and formoften emphasizes texture and form

When shooting outdoors, you must pay special attention to When shooting outdoors, you must pay special attention to the lighting since you can’t control it. You must position the lighting since you can’t control it. You must position your subject according to the direction of light, so that your subject according to the direction of light, so that the subject doesn’t appear washed out and to prevent the subject doesn’t appear washed out and to prevent unwanted shadows.unwanted shadows.

Page 25: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Back LightBack Light

Front LightFront Light Side LightSide Light

Page 26: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

If the light is bright and sunny If the light is bright and sunny and comes directly through and comes directly through the window, the amount of the window, the amount of contrast can be difficult, but contrast can be difficult, but not impossible to deal withnot impossible to deal with

If the window is in the shade, If the window is in the shade, light can make great portrait light can make great portrait and interiors, but the amount and interiors, but the amount of light is limited of light is limited

Two types of light can come Two types of light can come through a window: direct through a window: direct (hard) and diffused (soft) (hard) and diffused (soft)

Page 27: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Tungsten light bulbs are very warm and can be Tungsten light bulbs are very warm and can be used in many situations but are limited used in many situations but are limited because of their relative low light outputbecause of their relative low light output

When shooting in incandescent lighting, setting When shooting in incandescent lighting, setting the white balance to incandescent will add a the white balance to incandescent will add a blue filter to the images to get a truer colourblue filter to the images to get a truer colour

Page 28: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Appears very green in colour to the digital Appears very green in colour to the digital sensorsensor

When white balance is set to fluorescent, it When white balance is set to fluorescent, it adds a magenta filteradds a magenta filter

It is very common in public buildingsIt is very common in public buildings

Page 29: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Portrait photography can be more difficult than other Portrait photography can be more difficult than other types because the subject is not still – expressions are types because the subject is not still – expressions are always changingalways changing

Generally, a larger aperture (smaller number) is used Generally, a larger aperture (smaller number) is used to get a sharp subject and blurred backgroundto get a sharp subject and blurred background

A large aperture also good for faster shutter speed A large aperture also good for faster shutter speed because more light is let into lens - important for kids because more light is let into lens - important for kids especiallyespecially

The “Aperture Priority” setting is a good choice for The “Aperture Priority” setting is a good choice for portraits so you can always have a shallow depth of portraits so you can always have a shallow depth of field - just make sure light doesn’t get too low or else field - just make sure light doesn’t get too low or else the shutter will be too slow to be focused without a the shutter will be too slow to be focused without a tripod!tripod!

Page 30: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter
Page 31: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Direct sunlight can create shadows under the eyes and Direct sunlight can create shadows under the eyes and across the faceacross the face

Look for Look for open shade, open shade, for example, the shaded side of a for example, the shaded side of a building building

In open shade, people are less likely to squint and light In open shade, people are less likely to squint and light appears more diffusedappears more diffused

Keeping subjects at the edge of the shade shows light Keeping subjects at the edge of the shade shows light direction and keeps texture in the facedirection and keeps texture in the face

In mottled sunlight, be sure that deep shadows don’t In mottled sunlight, be sure that deep shadows don’t fall over the facefall over the face

Page 32: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Models can move, and sunlight is always Models can move, and sunlight is always moving; always monitor your lightmoving; always monitor your light

Overcast days can work because it creates a Overcast days can work because it creates a soft overhead lightsoft overhead light

If no shade is available, you can turn subjects If no shade is available, you can turn subjects so the sun is behind them, but that can cause so the sun is behind them, but that can cause bright areas on head and shouldersbright areas on head and shoulders

Shade the lens to prevent lens flareShade the lens to prevent lens flare Meter light around the face or else the face Meter light around the face or else the face

may turn out too darkmay turn out too dark

Page 33: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter
Page 34: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Use a reflector to bring light into shadows (a piece Use a reflector to bring light into shadows (a piece of white cardboard, a light coloured shirt, a of white cardboard, a light coloured shirt, a commercial reflector, etc.)commercial reflector, etc.)

Flash can be used even in situations where light is Flash can be used even in situations where light is sufficient to even out the exposure and add sparkle sufficient to even out the exposure and add sparkle and shine to hair and eyesand shine to hair and eyes

On an overcast day, set white balance to cloudy to On an overcast day, set white balance to cloudy to give a warm tonegive a warm tone

Using black and white and a bit of fill flash can be Using black and white and a bit of fill flash can be good in overcast situations good in overcast situations

Page 35: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter
Page 36: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Panning

When you move your camera to follow a moving When you move your camera to follow a moving subject while taking a photosubject while taking a photo

The result is your subject in focus and the The result is your subject in focus and the background blurred to show motionbackground blurred to show motion

Page 37: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Landscape Lighting Bring a tripod even on a sunny day – you'll want to have Bring a tripod even on a sunny day – you'll want to have

a deep depth of field (a smaller hole for light to get a deep depth of field (a smaller hole for light to get through) which means you'll need a longer shutter speedthrough) which means you'll need a longer shutter speed

A polarizer can take glare off water and other reflective A polarizer can take glare off water and other reflective surfaces, and filters that fit over your lense can increase surfaces, and filters that fit over your lense can increase contrast and even out exposurecontrast and even out exposure

Page 38: There are three elements to exposure: ISO, aperture, and shutter

Night Landscapes A tripod is a necessity to reduce blur – nighttime A tripod is a necessity to reduce blur – nighttime

photography calls for slow shutter speedsphotography calls for slow shutter speeds A flashlight can be used to allow enough light to A flashlight can be used to allow enough light to

focus in on the scene before taking the picturefocus in on the scene before taking the picture Rear curtain flash can be used as it goes off at the Rear curtain flash can be used as it goes off at the

end of a long exposure and can add extra lightend of a long exposure and can add extra light