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]0!,0:&0T0/!"2*+!)6)/0%&6!)-/!M,0#!'&*0,)*8,0!2-!)M,2K2,01*,#;!,8,)'!V),*&6&V)*2,#!
/0:0'2V%0-*;!6),"2-!K2,01*,#;!)-/!6),"2-!V,2Z06*1!*2!0X)%&-0!T+&6+!V,2Z06*!6+),)6*0,&1*&61!6)-!
"0!0XV06*0/!*2!"0!128,601!2K!F&W0'#!?0-1&2-;!D211&"'0!?0-1&2-;!.'&M-%0-*!2,!5#-0,M#!T+0-!
)M,2K2,01*,#!&1!)**0%V*0/!K2,!62U"0-0K&*1!K2,!6),"2-!)-/!/0:0'2V%0-*4!E062%%0-/0/!)-/!
62%%2-!V,)6*&601!K2,!,0)'&Y&-M!/0:0'2V%0-*!)-/!6),"2-!"0-0K&*1!/016,&"0/!&-!*+0!V8"'&6)*&2-1!
T0,0!62%V&'0/;!*+0-!V8*!&-*2!)!*)"'0!")10/!2-!*+0!6+),)6*0,&1*&61!2K!V,2Z06*!/01&M-!*+0!V,)6*&601!
T0,0!)//,011&-M!L04M4!V,2Z06*!1&Y0;!K'0X&"&'&*#!2K!/01&M-;!0*64N4!?+010!V,2Z06*!6+),)6*0,&1*&61!T0,0!
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Enabling Conditions $-)"'&-M!Q2-/&*&2-1!),0!)!10*!2K!V,0U0X&1*&-M!V2'&*&6)';!126&)';!062-2%&6!)-/!0-:&,2-%0-*)'!1&*0!62-/&*&2-1!*+)*!K)6&'&*)*0!*+0!,0)'&Y)*&2-!2K!)!1866011K8'!V,2Z06*4!Q2-/&*&2-1!+):&-M!&-K'80-60!2:0,!*+0!V2*0-*&)'!V,2Z06*!),0)!6)-!2V0,)*0!)*!:),&281!16)'01\!'26)';!,0M&2-)';!-)*&2-)'!)-/!&-*0,-)*&2-)'4!?+010!62-/&*&2-1!&-6'8/0!*+0!):)&')"&'&*#!2K!,0128,601!-06011),#!K2,!V,2Z06*!1866011;!&-6'8/&-M!"2*+!V+#1&6)'!)-/!&-*)-M&"'0!,0128,601;!'&W0!&-K2,%)*&2-!)-/!1W&''14!!
Basic Project Characteristics 3)1&6!D,2Z06*!Q+),)6*0,&1*&61!/016,&"0!*+0!T+2;!T+)*;!T+0-;!T+0,0!)-/!+2T!2K!*+0!V,2Z06*\!T+2!&1!V),*&6&V)*&-M!)-/!*+0!,0')*&2-1+&V1!"0*T00-!V),*&6&V)-*1;!'0-M*+!)-/!1&Y0!2K!*+0!V,2Z06*;!T+)*!0-/!V,2/86*1!*+0!V,2Z06*!&1!+2V&-M!*2!)6+&0:0;!)-/!*+0!V')--0/!%0*+2/1!K2,!/&,06*'#!)6+&0:&-M!*+0%4!!
Project Characteristics for Overcoming Barriers and Sustaining Participation H-0!18"10*!2K!V,2Z06*!6+),)6*0,&1*&61!62%V,&101!*+0!0'0%0-*1!2K!V,2Z06*!/01&M-!V8*!&-!V')60!*2!K)6&'&*)*0!*+0!18VV2,*!)-/!V),*&6&V)*&2-!2K!'26)'!V02V'0!&-!*+0!V,2Z06*4!F26)'!18VV2,*!)-/!V),*&6&V)*&2-!&1!-06011),#!K2,!'2-MU*0,%!V,2Z06*!181*)&-)"&'&*#;!K2,!"2*+!/0:0'2V%0-*!)-/!6),"2-!"0-0K&*14!A-!*+0!6)10!2K!6),"2-!V,2Z06*1;!&*!T&''!)'12!"0!&%V2,*)-*!*2!1068,0!*+0!181*)&-0/!V),*&6&V)*&2-!2K!V,2Z06*!&-:01*2,1!)-/!"8#0,14!
E062%%0-/0/!)-/!62%%2-!V,)6*&601!K,2%!*+0!'&*0,)*8,0!K2,!)6+&0:&-M!6),"2-!)-/!
/0:0'2V%0-*!"0-0K&*1!T0,0!62%V),0/!K2,!0)6+!V,2Z06*!6+),)6*0,&1*&6!)-/!*+0-!6')11&K&0/!
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.'&M-%0-*;!2,!5#-0,M#;!)662,/&-M!*2!*+0!/0K&-&*&2-1!2K!*+010!*0,%1!M&:0-!&-!506*&2-!<4<4c!)"2:04!
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*+,00!",2)/!6)*0M2,&01!81&-M!"2**2%U8V!+&0,),6+&6)'!62/&-M!%0*+2/1!2K*0-!810/!T&*+
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Development Climate Tensions and Synergies in Realizing Co-Benefits
Enabling Conditions
Supportive government, policy and socioeconomic environments; emphasis on secure land and tree tenure and sufficient resources to support land-use change
Supportive government, policy and socioeconomic environments; emphasis on secure land and tree tenure and sufficient resources to support land-use change
Alignment
Basic Project Characteristics
Participants and Partnerships: Social NGOs, Multi-stakeholder partnerships
Participants and Partnerships: Technical NGOs
Project Timeline: Longer term projects; Shorter term or flexible contracts; Short-term returns to farmers are emphasized
Project Timeline: Longer-term projects; contract terms long enough to meet certification requirements; Short-term returns to investors are emphasized
Project Size: Small scale, small farm size
Project Size: Large scale, large farm size
Likely Tension: Contract length, project size
Possible Tension: Participants and partnerships, project location, financing, agroforestry practices, end products, time to returns, monitoring
Alignment: Agroforestry practices
Synergy: Financing, agroforestry practices, end products, time to returns; project length
Project Location: More developed countries favoured
Financing: Primarily donor funds. Farmers need access to upfront credit, financial incentives or markets
Financing: Carbon finance available
! "#!
Development Climate Tensions and Synergies in Realizing Co-Benefits
Basic Project Characteristics
Agroforestry Practices: Mixed species, context-matched agroforestry!practices
Agroforestry Practices: High carbon systems
End Product: Tangible products for local and regional consumption and sale
End Product: Intangible carbon credits for sale on international markets
Monitoring: Involve community to lower costs
Monitoring: Extensive monitoring to ensure credit validity
! "#!
!
Development Climate Tensions and Synergies in Realizing Co-Benefits
Project Characteristics for Overcoming Barriers and Sustaining Participation
Focus: Sustained participation of local farmers
Focus: Reducing financial risk of investors and generating valid, competitive carbon credits.
Project Design: Flexible, participatory design and implementation that responds to local needs and conditions
Project Design: Rigid, standardized design and implementation
Recommendations: Preliminary site assessments, on-going education and technical support, active interaction with project context to improve enabling conditions, integration with other development activities, facilitating access to markets for tree products, participatory demonstration farms, short-term returns to farmers.
Recommendations and common practices: Top-down management, long-term contracts, minimal education and technical support provided, centralized carbon broker to access carbon markets, short-term returns to investors.
Likely Tension: Interaction with project context; community participation and flexibility of project design; choice and decision making; provision of education, training and technical support; facilitating access to markets
Possible tension: Preliminary site assessments, integrating with other development activities; demonstrating benefits
Synergy: Integrating with other development activities to diversify funding
Decision-making: Bottom-up, community-driven
Decision-making: Often top-down and may involve only a few people.
! "#!
!
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The University of British Columbia Office of Research Services Behavioural Research Ethics Board Suite 102, 6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z3
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL - FULL BOARD
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: INSTITUTION / DEPARTMENT: UBC BREB NUMBER:
Hisham Zerriffi UBC/College for Interdisciplinary Studies/Liu Institute for Global Issues
H09-01729
INSTITUTION(S) WHERE RESEARCH WILL BE CARRIED OUT:
Institution Site
UBC Vancouver (excludes UBC Hospital)
Other locations where the research will be conducted:
Various locations in rural Uganda: Focus groups with rural agriculturalists will be conducted in community meeting places such as schools and churches, with permission from community leaders. Interviews will be conducted in subjects' homes. Field sites will be chosen in Uganda in consultation with in-country informants involved in the agroforestry sector. Field sites will be in rural locations where agroforestry projects are underway. Some sites may be chosen in advance based on information from key informants in Canada and based on internet information. The majority of field sites will not be chosen in advance of arrival in Uganda, as it is felt that communication constraints (e.g. lack of internet and telephone access for some agroforestry projects) might skew selection of study sites by including a disproportionate number of project sites with good internet/telephone access to advertise their project. Some carbon-forestry projects may be included to provide more data, as it is expected that many of the challenges of carbon-agroforestry projects will be similar to carbon-forestry projects. Regional and international organizations in Uganda and other countries, to be determined: Expert interviews with other agroforestry project key informants will be held in public meeting places, in the informant's office or over the phone if face-to-face meeting is not possible.
CO-INVESTIGATOR(S):
Emily K. Anderson SPONSORING AGENCIES:
UBC Sauder School of Business PROJECT TITLE:
In Search of Co-benefits for Climate Change Mitigation and Rural Development: Understanding stakeholder expectations in industrializing country agroforestry projects
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REB MEETING DATE: CERTIFICATE EXPIRY DATE:
January 14, 2010 January 14, 2011 DOCUMENTS INCLUDED IN THIS APPROVAL: DATE APPROVED:
January 28, 2010
Document Name Version Date
Protocol:
Research Proposal N/A December 10, 2009
Consent Forms:
Agriculturalist Interview Consent N/A December 10, 2009
Organization Consent N/A January 25, 2010
Agriculturalist Focus Group Consent N/A December 10, 2009
Advertisements:
Recruitment Poster N/A January 25, 2010
Oral Announcement Script N/A January 25, 2010
Questionnaire, Questionnaire Cover Letter, Tests:
Interview Script - Organization N/A December 10, 2009
Focus Group Script N/A December 10, 2009
Interview Script - Agriculturalist N/A December 10, 2009
Letter of Initial Contact:
Organization Contact Letter N/A December 10, 2009 The application for ethical review and the document(s) listed above have been reviewed and the procedures were found to be acceptable on ethical grounds for research involving human subjects.
Approval is issued on behalf of the Behavioural Research Ethics Board
and signed electronically by one of the following:
Dr. M. Judith Lynam, Chair Dr. Ken Craig, Chair
Dr. Jim Rupert, Associate Chair Dr. Laurie Ford, Associate Chair
Dr. Anita Ho, Associate Chair
