Things Site Engineers Must Know

7/25/2019 Things Site Engineers Must Know

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Things Site Engineers Must Know:

• Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.

• Water absorption should not be more than 15 %.

• Dimension tolerance for cubes + – 2 mm.

• Compressive strenth of !ricks is ".5 # $mm2

• Maimum &ree fall of concrete allo'ed is 1.5( m.

• )n soil fillin as per )* code for ever 1(( s,m " sample for core cuttin test

should be taken.

• -lectrical conduits shall not run in column

• -arth 'ork ecavation for basement above " m should be stepped form

• n back fillin shall be compacted /5% of dr densit at the optimum

moisture content and in laers not more than 2((mm for fillin above structureand "(( mm for no structure

• & solin is specified the solin stones shall be laid at 05 to ( inclination

3and not vertical4 'ith interstices filled 'ith sand or moorum.

• set of cube tests shall be carried out for each "( cum of concrete $ each

levels of castin $ each batch of cement.

• Water cement ratio for different rades of concrete shall not eceed (.05 for

M2( and above and (.5( &or M1( $ M15 contractor

&or concrete rades M2( and above approved admiture shall be used as per midesin re,uirements.

Cement shall be stored in dr places on a raised platform about 2((mmabove floor level and "((mm a'a from 'alls. !as to be stacked not morethan 1( bas hih in such a manner that it is ade,uatel protected frommoisture and contamination.

*amples from fresh concrete shall be taken and at least a set of cubes of

15(mm shall be prepared and cured. " Cubes each at das and 26 dasshall be tested for compressive strenth. 7he test results should be submittedto enineer for approval. )f results are unsatisfactor necessaraction$rectification$remedial measures has to be eercised.

Water used for both miin and curin shall be clean and free from in8urious

amounts of oils9 acids9 alkalies9 salts9 suar and oranic materials or other

substances that ma be deleterious to concrete or steel. 7he ph shall beenerall bet'een and 6.

Cement shall be tested for its setting.1. 7he initial settin time shall not be less than "( minutes.2. 7he final settin time shall not be more than 1( hours.Slump IS 456:ihtl reinforced 25 – 5 mm;eavil reinforced 5 – 1(( mm7rench fill 3insitu < 7remie4 1(( – 15( mm 3&or 7remie no need of vibrator4

Curing a!s "e#uired*uper *ulphate cement = das



>rdinar ?ortland cement >?C = 1( dasMinerals and dmiture added cement = 10 dasCube Samples1 – 5 M" = 1 #o. – 15 M" = 2 #o@s

1 – "( M" = " #o@s"1 – 5( M" = 0 #o@s bove 5( M" = 0 + 1 #o of addition sample for each 5( M".

Things Site Engineers Must Know $bout "einfor%ement and Steel &ars

• Clear cover to main reinforcement in

&ootins = 5( mm

Aaft foundation 7op = 5( mmAaft foundation !ottom$ sides = 5 mm

*trap !eam = 5( mm

Brade *lab = 2( mm

Column = 0( mm 3d12mm4 25 mm 3d 12mm4

*hear Wall = 25 mm

!eams = 25 mm

*labs = 15 mm or not less than diameter of the bar.

&lat *lab = 2( mm

*taircase = 15 mm

Aetainin Wall on -arth = 2($ 25 mm

Water retainin structures = 2( $ "( mm

*unshade 3Cha88a4 = 25 mm

• ;ook for stirrups is /D for one side

• #o. of stirrups 3clear span$*pannin4 + 1

• &or Cantilever anchorae lenth for main steel is /D

• E:F for column main rod in footin is minimum of "((mm

• Chairs of minimum 12 mm diameter bars should be used.

• Minimum diameter of do'el bars should be 12 mm

• :ap slices should not be used for bar larer than " mm.

• )n steel reinforcement bindin 'ire re,uired is 6 k per M7.

• :appin is not allo'ed for the bars havin diameters more than " mm.

• Minimum number of bars for a s,uare column are 0 and for circular column

are .

• :onitudinal reinforcement should not be less than (.6% and more than % of

ross C$*.• Weiht of rod per meter lenth d2$12 'here d is the diameter in mm



• ll reinforcement shall be free from mill scales9 loose rust < coats of paints9 oil

or an other substances.

• Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 6 mm 3;G*D4 or 1( mm 3?lain

bars4 and the distributors not less than 6 mm and not more than 1$6 of slab

thickness.

In %ase of spa%ing of bars

?rovide the diameter of the bar9 if the diameter of the bar are e,ual.

?rovide the diameter of the larer bar9 if the diameter are une,ual.

5mm more than the nominal maimum siHe of the coarse areate.

'eight Cal%ulator

Standard %on(ersion fa%tors

)#C; 25.0 M)::)M-7A-

&>>7 (."(06 M-7A-

GAD (./100 M-7A-

M):- 1.(/" I):>M-7-A

CA- (.0(0 ;-C7A-

?>J#D (.05" I):>BAM

D-BA-- &A-#;-)7 K 5$/ – "2 D-BA-- C-:*)J*

M)::)M-7A- (.("/0 )#C;

M-7A- ".26(6&>>7

M-7A- 1.(/"GAD

)* MI+ STEE+ ,MS*

SHEET

W-)B;7 3IB*4 :-#B7; 3MM4 K W)D7; 3MM4 K (. (((((65 K 7;)CI#-**

eample – 7he 'eiht of M* *heet of 1mm thickness and siHe 125( MM K 25(( MM

shall be25((MM K 125( MM K (.(((((65 K 1 20.5" IB*$ *;--7

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

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ROLLED STEEL CHANNELS

MS S-$"E

W-)B;7 3IB* 4 W)D7; K W)D7; K (.(((((65 K :-#B7;.

-ample = *,uare of siHe 25mm and lenth 1 metre then the 'eiht shall be.

2525K (.(((((65 K 1(((mm 0./( ks$metre

MS "/0

W-)B;7 3IB* 4 ".10 K (.(((((65 K 33diameter $ 24K3 diameter $ 244 K :-#B7;.

-ample = Aound of 2(mm diameter and lenth 1 metre then the 'eiht shall be.

".10 K (.(((((65 K 332($24 K 3 2($244 K 1((( mm 2.0 ks $ metre

SS "/0

D) 3mm4 K D) 3mm4 K (.((2" W-)B;7 ?-A M-7A-

** $ M* ?ipe

>D 3 mm4 – W.7thick3mm4 K W.7hick 3mm4 K (.(206 Weiht ?er Metre

>D 3 mm4 – W.7thick3mm4 K W.7hick 3mm4 K (.((5 Weiht ?er &oot

SS 1 MS CI"C+E

D)3mm4 K D) 3mm4 K 7;)CI3mm4 (.(((((" I ?er ?iece

SS sheet

:enth 3Mtr4 K Width 3Mtr4 K 7hick3mm4 K 6 Weiht ?er ?iece

:enth 3ft4 K Width 3ft4 K 7hick3inch4 K " $0 Weiht ?er ?iece

S.S 2E3$/0$+ &$"

D) 3mm4 K D) 3mm4 K (.((6( W7. ?-A Mtr Dia 3mm4 K Dia 3mm4 K (.((2(2 Wt. ?er foot.

&"$SS S2EET

W-)B;7 3IB*4 :-#B7; 3MM4 K !A-D7; 3MM4 K (. (((((65 K 7;)CI#-**

-ample – 7he 'eiht of brass sheet of thickness 1 mm9 lenth 122(mm and

breadth "55mm shall be

122( K"55K (.(((((65 K 1 ".6 Is$*heet

C/E" S2EET

W-)B;7 3IB*4 :-#B7; 3MM4 K !A-D7; 3MM4 K (. (((((6 K 7;)CI#-**-ample – 7he 'eiht of coppper sheet of thickness 1 mm9 lenth 122(mm and



breadth "55mm shall be

122(K"55 K (.(((((6 K 1 ". Is$*heet

&"$SS 1 C/E" IE

>D 3mm4 – 7;)CI 3mm4 K 7;)CI3mm4 K (.(2( W-)B;7 ?-A M-7A-

$+MI0M S2EET

W-)B;7 3IB*4 :-#B7; 3MM4 K !A-D7; 3MM4 K (. ((((((2 K 7;)CI#-**

-ample – 7he 'eiht of luminum sheet of thickness 1 mm9 lenth 25((mm and

breadth 125( mm shall be

25((125(K (.(((((2 K 1 6.12 Is$*heet

$+MI0IM IE

>D 3mm4 – 7;)CI3mm4 K 7;)CI3mm4 K(.((6" W-)B;7 ?-A M-7A-

Convert USCS into SI Units

USCS unit X Factor = SI unit SI symbol

Square foot X 0.0929 = Square meter M2

Cubic foot X 0.283 = Cubic meter M3

!oun" #er square inc$ X %.89& = 'ilo#ascal '!a

!oun" force X &.&&8 = (e)ton (u

Foot #oun" torque X .3*% = (e)ton meter (+m

'i# foot X .3** = 'ilone)ton meter ,(+m

-allon #er minute X 0.0%309 = ,iter #er secon" ,s

'i# #er square inc$ X %.89 = Me/a#ascal M!a

Detailed Units – Convert Units

Follo)in/ table s$o)s $o) can )e conert arious most commonly use" units from one

unit system to anot$er.

Units to convert Value

Square foot to Square meter 1 ft² = 0.092903 m²

Foot per second squared to Meter

per second squared

1 ft² = 0. 30! m²

"u#ic foot to "u#ic meter 1 ft$ = 0.02!31% m$

&ound per cu#ic inc' to (ilo)ram 1 l#*in$ = 2+%+9.9 0+102 ,)*m$

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per cu#ic meter

-allon per minute = iter per

second

1 -allon per minute = 0.0%31 iter per

second

&ound per square inc' = (ilopascal 1 &si /&ound &er Square nc' = %.!9++

(pa /(ilopascal

&ound force = e4ton 1 &ound force = .!222 e4ton

&ound per Square Foot to &ascal 1 l#f*ft2 = +.!!02 &ascal

5cre foot per da6 = "u#ic meter per

second

1 5cre foot per da6= 12! /m3*s

5cre to square meter 1 acre = 0%.!% m²

"u#ic foot per second = "u#ic

meter per second

1 ft$*s = 0.02!31%!+ m$*s

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Things Site Engineers Must Know