Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
Interpersonal, Intercultural, social
and civic competences
Lesson 2
Social and civic competence
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Individual– refers to a single person. Individuals can separate themselves by having their
own needs, goals and desires
• Group– two or more humans who interact with each other, form social relationships
and share common interests and values. They may also share responsibilities and a common identity.
• Society– is the set of relations among people in terms of social status and roles.– patterns of relationships between individuals that share the same culture
are formed.– Society allows its members to fulfil needs that otherwise they could not
accomplish alone.
Social Competence
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Culture defined:– 500 possibilities– The language, values, beliefs, traditions and customs people
share and learn
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Diversity is any form of difference like cultural, educational, social etc
• Cultural diversity can be more obvious as it is based on differences such as languages, traditions etc.
• Hofstede suggested 4 dimensions that characterize a culture. These are: – Power Distance, – Individualism, – Uncertainty Avoidance and – Masculinity
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Power Distance: – This dimension concerns the degree of
equality/inequality between people in a particular society. “Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.” (http://www.via-web.de/power-distance/)
• By equality we mean, Equal opportunities on issues like:• Gender , sexual orientation , age, marital
status ,politics ,religion ,race , culture, national origin ,region , ethnicity , socio-economic differences , disability , family structure , health , values
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
– For instance, in a country with high power distance, employees are too afraid to express their doubts and disagreements, relationships are strictly ruled, and inequalities occur.
– In countries with low power distance, inequality reduced and an interdependence relationship between employee and employer exists.
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Individualism/Collectivism:
– The degree to which a society reinforces individual or collective achievement and relationships.
– Individualism is seen in societies where ties are loose and everyone is expected to look after himself. In USA and France for instance, people are more self-centred, focus on accomplishing individual goals, emphasis on “I” and on private wealth. On the other hand, in collectivist cultures like China, emphasis is on “we”, harmony and loyalty exists in companies and direct confrontation is avoided
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Uncertainty avoidance:– This dimension is about the level of acceptance of
uncertainty and doubt within a society.
– In China, rules are always followed. Any type of change in rules might cause frustration, avoid taking risks. The society relies on rules, laws and regulations.
– On the other hand, United States, which is a low uncertainty avoidance society, uncertainty is more tolerated, experimentation and variety is encouraged, change is accepted and people are willing to take risks.
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Masculinity:– the degree that a society reinforces or not the traditional
masculine work role model of male achievement, control and power status.
– For instance, in societies with high masculinity scores, males tend to dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure.
Culture
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Civil rights– ensure people’s physical safety and integrity; – protect from any behaviors of discrimination like mental
disability, gender, race, sexual etc and maintains individual rights like freedom of speech, expression etc.
• Political rights – involves natural justice, right to a fair trial, right to seek legal
remedy, right to vote etc.– They are considered to be universal rights and apply to all
people
Civil and Political Rights
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Description of governments can be based on: – Economy:
• Who provides the goods and services that are exported or imported? i.e. in Cuba the government owns all businesses, farms etc and provides its people’s healthcare, education and welfare
– Politics: • how the government is run? • Characteristics of Dictatorship (Iraq): in a dictatorship only one rules.
Freedom of speech, of the press, of the opposition political parties, of Independent courts and of Free and regular elections does not exist.
• Characteristics of Totalitarian (China): totalitarian is common to dictatorship but stronger. For example, abuse of human rights is common, one religion is central to the dictatorship
• Characteristics of Theocracy (Iran): as the name suggests the word Theocracy means “the rule of god”. A religious authority also acts as a political and a territorial authority. An example can be the Vatican.
Types of government
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
– Politics (continued):
• Characteristics of Monarchy (Jordan): it embraces a king or a queen
• Characteristics of Parliamentary (Israel): a representatives of people are led
• Characteristics of Republic (USA): it is led by representatives of the voters.
– Authority: who picks the government?
• Tip: Almost every country in the world is ruled by a system which combines 2 or more types of government
Types of government
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Local governments– Local governments refer to administrative authorities over
areas smaller than a state. • The term is used to contrast nation state level where national
governments act.
– Local government takes action within powers assigned to it by legislation or directives of the higher level of the government. Types of local government may differ from country to country.
– In modern society, local governments usually have the same kind of power as national governments
Local and national governments
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Definition of Democracy: – government is elected by people– Supreme power is retained by people but exercised indirectly
through representatives– Delegated authority can periodically by renewed
Understanding Democracy
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Definition of Citizenship:– Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social,
political, or national community. It involves: • paying taxes • serving on a jury • Voting • serving in the country's armed forces when called upon • obeying the criminal laws enacted by one's government,
even while abroad • etc
Understanding Citizenship
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• 27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
The European Union
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Treaties– This text was developed for creating an ever closer union among
the people of Europe by sharing common values leading to peaceful future.
• According to the official journal of the European Union (2010,p.83)– “the Union is founded on the indivisible, universal values of dignity,
freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It places the individual at the heart of its activities, by establishing citizenship of the Union by creating an area of freedom, security and justice”.
The European Union
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• The rights, freedoms and principles can be found:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:0389:0403:EN:PDF
• Please spend some time reading the above text!
• You will learn more about your rights as a citizen
Rights, Freedoms,Principles
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Parliament: – Elected by the citizens of the EU to represent their interests.
• Council: – EU's main decision-making body. It represents the member
states, and its meetings are attended by one minister from each of the EU’s national governments.
• Presidency:– Rotates every six months
Institutions and Policy Making
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• European Commission: – independent of national governments– represents and upholds the interests of the EU as a whole. – Drafts proposals for new European laws, which it presents to the
European Parliament and the Council.
• Court of Justice: – EU legislation is interpreted and applied in the same way in all EU
countries
• Court of Auditors: – Ensures that EU funds (from the taxpayers) are properly collected and
are spent legally, economically and for the intended purpose.
Institutions and Policy Making
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
• Emigration is the movement of people from one country to the other.
• Immigration is the movement of people to a country
• Based on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 45 (Official Journal of the European Union, 2010, p.83):– there is Freedom of movement and of residence within the
territory of the member states. Also freedom of movement and residence may be granted, in accordance with the Treaties, to nationals of third countries legally resident in the territory of a Member State.
Emigration and Immigration
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. In
terp
ers
onal , in
terc
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al
an
d C
ivic
com
pete
nce
You have successfully completed this section.
Thank you for participating in this learning session and remember never stop engaging in learning
situations
Thank YOU
