THYROID & PARATHYROIDMaria Boughous & Meghana VardePeriod 2 Anatomy

Endocrine System• A collection of glands • Produce hormones

• Regulates body’s growth• Metabolism• Sexual development &function

GlandsPineal - This is involved

with daily biological cycles

Adrenal - has two parts1. Influences metabolism

2. Influences part of Nervous system

Hypothalamus – Controls involuntary

Body functions

Ovaries & Testicles – Influence female and Male characteristics

Pancreas – Controls Glucose

Parathyroid – Maintains calcium level

Pituitary – influence various Other endocrine glands

Thymus – influences the body’s immune system

Thyroid – heat production, bone

growth and the metabolism

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

• Glands are found inside each other• Butterfly shaped gland • Found inside the neck• Less then one once, (parathyroid)

size of a grain of rice• Thyroid cartilage covers the larynx • Produces the prominence on the

neck• This is known as the Adams

Apple

Roles and Functions of the Thyroid & Parathyroid

• Thyroids:• Controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients• Regulates metabolism• Produces:

• Triiodothyonine (T3)• Thyroxine (T4)• Calcitonin

•  Parathyroids:• Control the calcium in our bodies

• http://www.muschealth.com/video/default.aspx?videoId=10158

Triiodothyonine(T3)• Iodine-rich and fuel metabolism• Plays a role in growth, metabolism, and development• Promotes normal growth of bones and increases strength

and respiration. • Maintain the rate that your body uses fats and

carbohydrates

Thyroxine(T4)

• Regulate the body’s metabolic rate by forming RNA• Production is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone

(TSH)• Produced by the Pituitary Gland.

Calcitonin

• Regulates amount of calcium in blood

• Decrease bone destruction caused by cancer.

• Benefits disappear shortly after it has not been taken by the body.

• Produced by the cells of the thyroid.

HyperthyroidismoOveractive thyroidoSwelling of the thyroid

Symptomso Sudden weight loss

o Appetite and amount of food intake remain the same or increase.

o Rapid heartbeato Nervous

o Anxiety and irritabilityo Frequent bowel movementso Sleeping difficulty, o Skin thinningo Hair-fine and brittle

Causeso Grave’s diseaseo Toxic adenomao Plummer’s diseaseo Thyroiditiso Produces too much T4

HypothyroidismoUnderactive thyroidoGlands fails to secrete T3 and T4

http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid -Animation

Symptomso Increased sensitivity to coldo Constipationo Weight gaino Puffy faceo Pain, swelling or stiffness in jointso Depression o Impaired memoryo Dry skino Goitre-swelling that results in a bulge

in the neck.

Causeso Autoimmune diseaseo Hyperthyroidism

treatmento Radiation therapyo Thyroid surgery o Congenitalo Iodine deficient

Unique Facts• Can be tested for hypothyroidism.• To get rid of hyperthyroidism-use radioactive

iodine/surgery/pills to kill swelling.• Hypothyroidism can happen to women during or after their

pregnancy. • 14% of the population has one or two additional thyroid

glands. • The thyroid gland weighs one ounce

Concept Check• 1. What is the difference between the Thyroid and the

Parathyroid glands? • The Thyroid gland: controls the rate at which the body produces

energy from nutrients and regulates metabolism.• The Parathyroid glands: Regulates the calcium in your body.

• 2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system?• There are 9 glands

Concept Check Continued• 3. What is the difference between T3, T4 and calcitonin?

• T3 maintains the rate at which your body uses fats and carbs• T4 regulates your body’s metabolism by producing RNA• Calcitonin regulates the amount of calcium in your body.

• 4. List three causes and symptoms for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidsim.

• Hypothyroidism: • Causes: Autoimmune disorder, hyperthyroidism treatment, thyroid

surgery• Symptoms: Increased sensitivity to cold, puffy face and constipation

• Hyperthyroidism: • Causes: Grave’s disease, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis• Symptoms: Weight loss, nervous, and rapid heartbeat

Works Cited• BUPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-

thyroid>.• "Calcitonin Has the following Structural Formula:." Medical Look. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://www.medicalook.com/reviews/Calcitonin.html>.• "Chemistry of Thyroid Hormones." Colorado Sate. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem.html>.• "How Your Thyroid Works." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works>.• "Hypothyroidism." Rapid Med. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.rapidmed.net/Hypothyroidism.html>.• Lee Lerner, Ed K. "The Thyroid." Endocrine System. 4th ed. Vol. 2. N.p.: n.p., 2008. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference

Library. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2830100850&v=2.1&u=riverdrhs_ca&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w>.

• Mayo Clinic Staff. "Hyperthyroidism: Causes." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyperthyroidism/DS00344/DSECTION=causes>.

• "Pregnancy Thyroid." Health Tap. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <https://www.healthtap.com/#topics/diagram-pathophysiology-of-hyperthyroidism>.

• Sandland, Di. "Hyperthyroidism." Find the Best. Find the Best, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://medical-marijuana-dispensaries.findthebest.com/b/655/Medical-Marijuana-and-Acquired-Hyperthyroidism>.

• T4 and T3. Anesthetist. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.anaesthetist.com/icu/organs/endocr/thyroid/Findex.htm#thyfx.htm>.

• "Diagram of Endocrine Glands." Diagram of Endocrine Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013.• "Endocrine System." Endocrine System. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013.• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg/250px-Illu_thyroid_parathyro

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