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Title of Presentation - H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd Fire Sprinklers...Sprinkler Heads 7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads 8. Typical Domestic System Layout 1. Introduction This

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Page 2: Title of Presentation - H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd Fire Sprinklers...Sprinkler Heads 7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads 8. Typical Domestic System Layout 1. Introduction This

CONTENTS

1. Introduction 2. The benefits of fire sprinklers 3. 5 Things that make up a residential fire sprinkler system 4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs 5. Design Standards and Codes 6. Sprinkler Heads 7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads 8. Typical Domestic System Layout

Page 3: Title of Presentation - H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd Fire Sprinklers...Sprinkler Heads 7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads 8. Typical Domestic System Layout 1. Introduction This

1. Introduction This information pack is being distributed by H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd in the hope that architects, engineers, property agents, home owners and anyone else that might require a brief overview of a Domestic or Residential Fire Sprinkler System will find it informative and helpful in understanding what a sprinkler system is, how they work and what is involved. Some facts about sprinklers : Fire sprinklers are used more than any other fixed fire protection system and there are over 40 million fire sprinklers fitted around the world each year. Losses from fires in property adequately protected with fire sprinkler systems are estimated to be 1/10 of those in unprotected buildings. In property fully protected by a fire sprinkler system: * 99% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone * 60% of fires were controlled by the spray from no more than four fire sprinkler heads Source: European statistics over 10 year period

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1. Introduction (continued) H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd are fully qualified and trained to install and maintain Residential and Domestic fire sprinkler systems to the current British Standard BS9251:2005. We are active members of The Fire Protection Association (FPA) and The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB). Unlike many other sprinkler companies H2O can provide not only the fire sprinkler system but a complete service to customers including structural engineering reports, compliance and warrant submission and any building work required. We supply all trades required at very competitive rates meaning far less complication, time and cost to our clients. We offer free advice, inspection or any other fire sprinkler related information to anyone with questions regarding sprinklers. We can also offer a completely free no obligation quotation for any Residential or Domestic Fire Sprinkler System. If you require any assistance please contact us on 0800 002 9803 or 07429 348 153, alternatively email us at [email protected]

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2. Benefits of Fire Sprinklers Automatic fire sprinkler systems have been in use for over 130 years. Sprinklers have, since the publication of BS 5306 Pt. 2 in 1990, been recognised as providing a vital life safety function in controlling the size of a fire to allow more time for escape of occupants. In the UK the majority of existing sprinkler systems have been designed and installed to the requirements of British Standard BS 5306 Part 2 and the LPC Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installations. More recently systems have been introduced that are intended for the protection of life in domestic and residential property, and which are designed to BS 9251. 2005. An automatic fire sprinkler system is designed to: • Detect a fire within a protected building • Release water in the fire-affected area via the sprinkler heads, which contain heat sensitive elements designed to operate automatically at a pre-determined temperature [NB. Only those sprinklers in the vicinity of the fire operate] • Initiate a water flow-activated, audible, local alarm when a sprinkler head operates • Transmit a signal to an approved alarm-receiving centre when required.

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2. Benefits of Fire Sprinklers (continued) Records show that by this means of providing detection, alarm and localised water application, automatic fire sprinkler systems are very effective in preventing the development of major fires. In the UK no lives have been lost in fires in fully fire sprinkler protected buildings since the end of the Second World War. In industrial and commercial automatic fire sprinkler systems about 60% of fires are controlled by four sprinkler heads or fewer. In domestic and residential sprinkler systems over 90% of fires are controlled by the activation of just one sprinkler head. The volume of water used by a properly designed, installed and maintained automatic fire sprinkler system to control a fire will be significantly less than that used by the fire service to control and extinguish the same fire. In many cases this will be less than one tenth that which would have been used by the fire service. In environmental terms automatic fire sprinkler systems make a valuable contribution by: • Reducing the size and severity of fires • Using water in the most effective and economical way to control fire • Minimising the problems of contaminated firefighting water run-off.

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3. 5 Things that make up a residential fire sprinkler system. Domestic and residential fire sprinkler systems generally consist of 5 things, these are –

A) The design and hydraulic calculations (see typical domestic system layout)

Our designers have 20+ years experience in the fire sprinkler industry and can work along side architects and engineers to produce the required design.

B) Water Supply (see sprinkler installations and there water supply needs)

C) Pipe A network of pipes is used to connect the water supply to the many sprinkler heads in a system, we use CPVC pipe in all of our residential and domestic systems. CPVC is an engineered thermoplastic piping material that has been used successfully for many years in a wide range of applications, including fire sprinkler systems. It does not support fire, and will only char when subjected to flame. In fire conditions, it performs superbly, and it has a twenty year proven track record for this application. As may be expected, the system is fully tested and approved by UL, FM and LPCB, as well as being accepted by all leading insurers. In the UK the product has also been tested and is listed by WRAS for use with fire sprinkler systems only.

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3. 5 Things that make up a fire sprinkler system.(continued)

D) Sprinkler Heads (see sprinkler heads)

E) Alarms BS 9251:2005 states that an audible alarm that can be heard clearly from any location in the property should be connected to the system. It also states and audible and visual alarm should be fitted externally outside the property. We supply and fit a fire zone panel in each of our systems, the panel has 2 zones. Zone 1 is wired to the flow switch on the pipe at the start of the system and also to the internal and external sounders. The flow switch is activated when water starts flowing through the pipe indicating that a head has opened. Zone 2 is wired to the pump set and the fire panels internal sounder, the panels internal built in sounder activates when the pump control board senses a fault. The fault can be a power failure or a pressure loss in the system, either of which should be investigated immediately.

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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs Automatic fire sprinkler systems are designed to apply water at various rates depending on the risk being protected. To obtain the design flow of water from the sprinkler heads, water supply requirements are calculated for the pressure and flow to the system in accordance with the relevant standards or guidelines being employed. Reliable water supplies are essential, the most common forms being: • Direct connection to a water supplier’s main • A stored and pumped water supply • Large storage cisterns, with sufficient capacity to supply design flow for the specified time • Small cisterns, with reduced capacity and dependent on the inflow from a water service pipe to make up the design capacity • A gravity supply from a storage cistern • A pressurised vessel • Acceptable recycled water, e.g. rainwater recovery systems. The water supply capacities, pressures and flow requirements vary, according to the classification of the fire hazard.

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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued) Domestic and residential occupancies include dwellings, residential care facilities, houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs), hostels and the like, and may be protected by automatic fire sprinkler systems directly supplied with mains water and designed in accordance with the relevant standards and guidelines. To determine whether the required water pressure and the flow continue to be available, regular maintenance is needed to ensure that performance tests are carried out in accordance with the appropriate standard. It should be noted that mains water supplies may be interrupted or modified for maintenance work, because of a failure in the supply system or other events beyond the water supplier's control. Designers should bear such possibilities in mind when specifying automatic fire sprinkler systems. It is essential that automatic fire sprinkler systems are properly maintained to ensure correct operation when required. If this necessitates shutting off the system for any length of time, alternative precautions need to be instituted as required by the relevant standards or guidelines.

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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued)

Typical flow rates for different types of sprinkler systems

Type of property/ Hazard

Min operating pressure at head

bar

Typical design flow L/min

Design max no. of heads operating

Max design flow L/min

Domestic dwelling 0.5 60 2 84

Residential 0.5 60 4 168

Light Hazard 0.7 94 4 190

Ordinary Hazard 1.0 375 6 540

Ordinary Hazard II 1.4 725 12 1000

Ordinary Hazard III 1.7 1100 18 1350

Ordinary Hazard IIIS 2.0 1800 30 2100

Domestic and Residential installations are defined in BS 9251:2005. Ordinary Hazard I etc is defined by BS 5306 Part 2 and LPC Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installations.

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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued)

Sprinkler water supply options Notes

1 Mains supply

2 Mains supply with a priority demand valve

3 Mains supply with a booster pump

4 Tank and pump supply

Flow MWS x 85% > DR + 25/50 lpm Pressure

MWS x 85% > DR

Flow MWS x 85% > DR

Pressure MWS x 85% > DR

Flow MWS x 85% > DR

Pressure

Less than MWS x 85% > DR

The minimum rate of 25 lpm (domestic) or 50 lpm (residential) will have to be increased where the peak domestic demand for the premises may be above 25 or 50 lpm

The priority demand valve isolates the domestic requirements on operation of sprinkler system

A booster pump can be used in some circumstances to boost pressure where there is plenty of flow but insufficient pressure [Note 1]

Can be used in all situations

MWS Measured water supply – the measured flow and pressure of the water supplying the premises DR Design requirements: The pressure and flow requirements of the sprinkler system from the designer’s hydraulic calculations > Is greater than

Note 1 A booster pump may be suitable where a large diameter water main has sufficient flow but insufficient pressure. It must be remembered that you will be unable to ascertain whether the booster pump has increased pressure to: MWS x 85% > DR until the supply is measured with booster pump in situ

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5. Design Standards and Codes

Standards and codes of practice from the UK, Europe and the USA BS 9251:2005 - Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic occupancies - Code of practice DD 251:2000 - Draft standard for residential and domestic sprinklers. Superseded by BS 9251:2005 DD 252:2001 - Draft standard for components for residential sprinkler systems - Specification and test methods for residential sprinklers BS EN 12259-1:1999 - Fixed firefighting systems. Components for sprinkler and water spray systems BS EN 12845:2004 - Fixed firefighting systems. Automatic sprinkler systems. Design, installation and maintenance - buildings and industrial plant

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5. Design Standards and Codes (continued)

Standards and codes of practice from the UK, Europe and the USA BS 5306-2:1990 - Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Specification for sprinkler systems in buildings and industrial plant. This has now been withdrawn and is superseded by EN 12845 Approved Document B - ADB - Guidance on Fire Safety associated with Building Regulations NFPA 13 - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems NFPA 13D - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in one and two family dwellings and manufactured homes NFPA 13R - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in residential occupancies up to and including 4 stories in height BS 1710:1984 - Specification for identification of pipelines and services

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6. Sprinkler Heads

Type of Operation -

Fusible Link Glass Bulb Glass Bulb Quick response

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6. Sprinkler Heads (continued) Type of Head -

UPRIGHT PENDANT RECESSED CONCEALED CONCEALED

SIDEWALL SIDEWALL

Page 17: Title of Presentation - H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd Fire Sprinklers...Sprinkler Heads 7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads 8. Typical Domestic System Layout 1. Introduction This

7. Scottish determination on Concealed heads The following is a summary of a Ministerial view which has been issued under Section 12 of the Building (Scotland) Act 2003. The intention is to promote consistency of compliance with the building regulations in Scotland. It should be recognised that the following view is project specific and has been anonymised. The view is not legally binding and ultimately if a warrant is refused by a verifier, the right of appeal is to the Sheriff Court. Functional Standard(s) Standard 2.15 Automatic life safety fire suppression systems Every building must be designed and constructed in such a way that in the event of an outbreak of fire within the building, fire and smoke will be inhibited from spreading through the building by the operation of an automatic life safety fire suppression system’ Technical Context In this case, the applicant and verifier cited the guidance issued by Scottish Ministers contained in the Domestic Technical Handbook [Clause 2.15.2]. The relevant guidance given in this clause states ‘Components of the system should be as specified and tested in accordance with DD 252: 2002. Sprinkler heads should be ‘quick response type’ with a response time index (RTI) of 50 (m.s)1/2 and a conductivity factor (c) of not more than 1 (m/s)2. Concealed or recessed pattern sprinkler heads should only be used with the approval of the verifier.’

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7. Scottish determination on Concealed heads (continued) View of Scottish Ministers The intention of this part of clause 2.15.2 is that the thermal sensitivities of the sprinklers are such that they detect the fire and operate at an early stage. Standard 2.15 of the Technical Handbooks aims to ensure fire and smoke will be inhibited from spreading through the building by the operation of an automatic life safety fire suppression system. There is no doubt that the effective use of concealed sprinkler heads will inhibit the spread of fire and smoke through the building. Having carefully considered all the information submitted in this case, it is the view of Scottish Ministers that the proposals do meet the requirements of Standard 2.15 subject to the following: • The temperature rating of the sprinkler head should be 68 0C in accordance with clause 5.3.1.1 of BS 9251: 2005; • The drawings show the use of concealed sprinkler heads. There is a risk that these could be covered at some future time by redecoration. Therefore it would be prudent for the verifier to consider imposing a continuing requirement to ensure that they retain the capacity to operate effectively throughout the life of the building.

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8. Typical Domestic Layout

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8. Typical Domestic Layout (continued)

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8. Typical Domestic Layout (continued)