Today: Review(and a couple other things)

(Important info… you must memorize start and stop codons.)

Lab Project Drafts

Lab Project Draft:Returned on Thursday After Exam 3

Group/Individual Consultations:Monday Apr. 15th

Tuesday Apr. 16th

REVIEW:What are the big ideas from Unit 3?

1. DNA/RNA Structure2. DNA Replication3. Transcription– Post-Transcript Processing

4. Translation5. Mutation6. Regulation of Gene Expression

DNA/RNA Structure

DNA Replication

Transcription

Transcription 2

AAUAAA

Fig. 17-10

Pre-mRNA

mRNA

Codingsegment

Introns cut out andexons spliced together

5 Cap

Exon Intron5

1 30 31 104

Exon Intron

105

Exon

146

3Poly-A tail

Poly-A tail5 Cap

5 UTR 3 UTR1 146

Post-Transcription Processing

Translation

• Initiation• Elongation• Termination

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Elongation

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Termination

Mutation

• Insertion/Deletion/Substitution• Frameshift• Nonsense/Missense/Silent

Regulation of Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Miscellaneous

• PCR• Sanger Sequencing

Question-Based Review

(White Boards)

Draw one rung of a DNA helix (sugar molecule + phosphate must be correct)

DNA/RNA Structure 1:

Draw the general structure of a DNA molecule.

(Use circles and boxes to represent different molecules)

DNA/RNA Structure 2:

What are the names and functions of six enzymes involved in DNA

replication?

DNA Replication 1:

Okazaki fragments could not become fully integrated into a DNA strand if

________ was missing.

DNA Replication 2:

What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in prokaryotic transcription?

What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in eukaryotic transcription?

Transcription 1:

How does transcription factors (or sigma) and RNA polymerase know where to start and

terminate transcription ina. Prokaryotesb. Eukaroytes

Transcription 2:

Draw and label a ribosome.

Translation 1:

What is a charged tRNA molecule?

What is its relation to aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

Translation 2:

What is a mutation?

Mutation 1:

When a mutation occurs, what are three types of changes that can occur

to a nucleotide sequence?

Mutation 2:

Describe positive and negative control of gene expression in prokaryotes as

they relate to the lac operon.

Regulation of Gene Expression 1:

Describe how catabolite activator proteins and cAMP affect fur

coloration in beach mice.

Regulation of Gene Expression 2:

Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines; what are the correct base

pairings (including # of H bonds)

DNA/RNA Structure 3:

What are two structural differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA/RNA Structure 4:

What is the difference between a DNA primer and an RNA primer?

In what processes is each used?

DNA Replication 3:

What is one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes vs.

eukaryotes?

DNA Replication 4:

Write out a short segment of DNA (6bp).

Identify the template and non-template strands.

What will the RNA from this segment look like?

Transcription 3:

What modifications are made to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes?

Transcript Processing 4:

What are the three major phases of translation?

Describe the steps involved in each.

Translation 3:

What is the difference between a signal peptide and a signal recognition

particle?

Translation 4:

What are three things that can happen to an amino acid sequence as a result

of a mutation?

Mutation 3:

What polypeptide is created from the following DNA sequence?5’-ACCGAGTTTCTG-3’3’-TGGCTCAAAGAC-5’

Mutation 4:

What is an gene enhancer. Where would you find gene enhancers

relative to a eukaryotic gene.

Regulation of Gene Expression 3:

Why is it that lens cells and liver cells create different sets of proteins?

Regulation of Gene Expression 4:

What are three kinds of RNA; what are their functions?

DNA/RNA Structure 5:

Theoretically, if you wanted to convert an mRNA strand into DNA, how would

you propose that it could be done?

(I.e. what are the structural differences)

DNA Replication 5:

What are the three stages of a polymerase chain reaction?

What happens at each stage?

DNA Replication 6:

Describe Sanger Sequencing in 3-5 steps.

DNA Replication 7:

What does spliceosome do? What is it made of?

Transcript Processing 5:

Which would be more likely to result in an effective protein:

(A) the insertion of a prokaryotic gene into a eukaryotic genome

(B) the insertion of a eukaryotic gene into a prokaryotic genome?

Explain your logic.

Transcription 6:

How is evolution related to errors made during translation?

Translation 5:

Something has gone terribly wrong in your lab work! One of your team

members has contracted a virus and this virus has mutated and has been

transferred to your bacteria colonies. This new mutated virus strain destroys

the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria.

What effect will this have on bacteria?

Translation 6:

How do errors in DNA replication relate to the process of evolution?

Mutation 5: