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“Tools, resources, genotyping and phenotyping”
Clare Lister and Simon Griffiths
30/11/2016
Thank you to:• Simon Orford, Alba Farre, Ji Zhou, Rajani Awal, Cathy Mumford and the Field Trials Team• Current and former group members previously involved• DEFRA
WGIN Projects Overview
• Crossing different combinations of genes / QTLs / mutations into a common background (Paragon) and studying the phenotypic effects
• Known as the Paragon Library
• Looking at interactions between genes x environment in Avalon x Cadenza NILs
• Generating new populations (RL crosses, Chromosome Segment Substitution Libraries and Breeding-by-Design)
• Dissecting UK drought tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
UK Drought
DEFRA “Adapting to climate change: UK Climate Projections” 2011
• UK will get warmer, more in summer than winter
• Summer precipitation tends to decrease
• Winter precipitation tends to increase.
Predictions for 2080’s
UK Drought
Met Office “Climate: Observations, Projections and Impacts” 2011
• Vulnerability to water stress is currently focussed in the south and south-east of the UK.
• These regions are projected to experience an increase in the frequency of droughts and water stress with climate change.
UK drought
• These are predictions but must explore mechanisms to cope with these scenarios, to breed resilience to climate change
• The Paragon x Garcia population was generated within WGIN to study drought tolerance
• Defra LINK Project: LK0986: Improving water use efficiency and drought tolerance in UK winter wheats (Eric Ober and colleagues )
UK drought
• LINK project evaluated 120 lines under irrigated and managed drought
• DT index (DTI), water use efficiency (WUE), yield potential and yield stability.
• Results showed that significant genotypic diversity for drought tolerance and WUE
• Wheat yields in the UK are often limited by water deficit during critical early stages of crop development
• Elsewhere in the world drought affects grain filling
Weather data courtesy of http://www.buxton-weather.co.uk/weather.htm * Buxton is 13 miles from the John Innes Centre
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Total Monthly Rain, Buxton*
2013 2014 2015
UK drought
Grain number is determined
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Total Monthly Rain, Buxton
2013 2014 2015
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2013 2014 2015 2016
UK drought
Unfortunately one doesn’t always get drought when you want it…!
UK drought tolerance
• LINK project indicated that the carbon isotope discrimination ratio (Delta) has a negative correlation with Drought Tolerance
• Four varieties showed consistently low values for carbon isotope discrimination ratio, which included Garcia. Paragon had a consistently high ratio
• The Paragon x Garcia population was originally generated to map this QTL
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
• Paragon x Garcia (PxG) RIL population produced within WGIN to specifically target UK drought (~350 lines)
• Paragon - UK spring wheat
• Garcia - grown in southern France and northern Spain
- adapted to drought stress
Paragon Garcia
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
• Potentially advantageous to look for drought-tolerant characteristics in non-UK wheat varieties such as Garcia
• Genetic maps of Paragon x Garcia population available
• Genetic + phenotypic data should allow identification of regions of chromosome carrying drought tolerant genes
• NILs can be generated carrying these regions and used to validate the phenotypic effect.
• If successful could be introduced into breeding programmes to improve drought tolerance in UK wheat
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
• Drought Trial with selected PxG RILs (Ppd-sensitive)• Included subset of Paragon Library (9 lines)• 2 reps each of Irrigated / Not Irrigated plots
• Traits recorded/measured: Dates of Stage 31, Booting and Ear Emergence, plus Height, Yield, Specific Weight, TGWT, (Lodging and Senescence)
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
Soil water content and temperature monitoring Aerial monitoring with UAV
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B
D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BEMSW
BEM
EM-B
HTGWT
TGWT
TGWT High Value AlleleGarcia
Paragon
B BootingEM Ear EmergenceEM-BH HeightSW Specific WeightTGWT Thousand
Grain Weight
TGWT = NI and ITGWT = NI onlyTGWT = I only
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
Computational analysis of Genotypic + Phenotypic data: Chromosomal regions identified
3.003.103.203.303.403.503.603.703.803.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.804.905.005.105.205.305.405.505.605.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.506.606.70
4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60
I
R
R
I
G
A
T
E
D
k
g
NOT IRRIGATED kg
Irrigated = 4.4 kg / Not Irrigated = 4.0 kg
PxG RILParagonGarciaSoisson
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
Analysis of Genotypic + Phenotypic data: Yield
A
B
D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BEMSW
BEM
EM-B
HTGWT
TGWT
TGWT
UK Drought Tolerance in Paragon x Garcia
Vrn-1A
Vrn-1B
Rht8
New combinations of genes in the Paragon Library: i.e. Rht’s and Vrn
Rht-1B
Rht-1D