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Topic 2: Nationalism Topic 2A: Nationalist Revolutions in Latin America. “It takes a revolution to make a solution.” -Bob Marley. Date______Page____. Title: Revolutionary Ideas Spread Warm-up: What do you know about Latin America? Write down at least five facts. . Nationalism - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Topic 2: NationalismTopic 2A:
Nationalist Revolutions in Latin America
“It takes a revolution to make a solution.”-Bob Marley
Date______Page____
Title: Revolutionary Ideas Spread
Warm-up:What do you know about Latin
America? Write down at least five facts.
Nationalism-
Nation vs. StateNation- State-
is a people's sense of belonging together as a nation. It also includes such feelings as loyalty to the nation, pride in its culture and history, and--in many cases--a desire for national independence.
A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, etc. who have the desire to have their own state.
A political organization consisting of one or more nations of people.
NationalismWhat is it?
Bonds that Create Nation-
States
Causes of Latin American Revolutions• Enlightenment ideas inspire the educated Creoles• American Revolution ideals• French Revolution ideals• Oppression of lower classes• Napoleon’s conquest of Spain
Peninsulares- Born in
SpainCreoles- Europeans born in Latin
AmericaMestizos- Native and European Mix
Mulattos- European and African mix
Africans
Natives
Directions: Copy this social class pyramid into your notebook.
Social Class Percentage of
Population
Number of People
Peninsulares 0.1% 15,000Africans 6.4% 900,000Mestizos 7.3% 1,030,000Mulattos 7.6% 1,070,000Creoles 22.8% 3,070,000Indians/Natives
55.8% 7,860,000
Directions: Using the information in the chart below, create a pie graph that represents the percentage of population for each of the social classes. Color each wedge a different color and make a key. Once you have completed that, color the social class pyramid based on the key you created for your pie graph.
Countries in Central AmericaBelize - a country in Central America at the southeast border of Mexico and northeast of Guatemala.Costa Rica - a country just north of Panama.El Salvador - a country in Central America that is south of Guatemala and Honduras.Guatemala - a country in Central America south of Mexico and west of Belize.Honduras - a country northeast of Nicaragua.Nicaragua - a country just north of Costa Rica.Panama - a country at the southernmost tip of Central America.
Other FeaturesAtlantic Ocean - the ocean east of Central America.Colombia - a country in northwestern South America; it is southeast of Panama.Lake Nicaragua - a large lake in Nicaragua.Mexico - a country southwest of the USA and north of Guatemala and Belize.Pacific Ocean - the ocean west of Central America.Panama Canal - a man-made canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Label each country, then paste the map into your notebook.
•Social Injustice: colonial class structure- Creoles owned most land and wealth. Oligarchy- ruling elite. Mestizos, mulattoes, Indians, Africans have few rights. •Caudillos- local military strongmen- had own armies and gained control of governments- repressive, ignored existing constitutions. •Power of the Church: Catholic Church was a stabilizing influence, promoted education, in colonial times owned a lot of land.•Cash Crop Economies: colonies sent sugar, cotton, coffee to Europe – dependency on 1 crop=unstable economy. •Economic Imperialism: foreign investment helped develop mining and farming- developed ports and railroads, but only upper class and foreign investors profited; borrowed money at high rates from other nations and could not pay it back•Geographic Barriers: Andes Mountains, vast areas- hinder attempts at creating a unified Latin America. •Failure to Industrialize: lack of education and innovation•Peonage system: made workers practical slaves
Factors Leading to Revolution:
Haiti• 1st Latin American colony to fight for
independence.• Slavery – Africans were the majority of the
population• White masters used brutal methods to
control them• In 1791, about 100,000 slaves led a revolt
against the French
•Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave, became their leader•In 1802, Napoleon sent troops to the island to end the rebellion•They failed & in 1804 Haiti declared itself an independent nation• Slavery ended in Haiti
Impact of Toussaint L’Ouverture• Played a key role in what was the first successful attempt by a slave population in the Americas to throw off the yoke of Western colonialism. • Defeated armies of 3 imperial powers: Spain, France, and Great Britain• The success of the Haitian Revolution had enduring effects on shaking the institution of slavery throughout the New World. • Haiti became an independent republic in the Western Hemisphere.
Revolutions in Latin America
• How were Indians & creoles oppressed under Spanish rule in Latin America?• What ideas influenced Simon Bolivar in his struggle to liberate Latin America?• How did Bolivar & his followers free Latin America from Spanish rule?