Toxicity

• Clearly a critical issue– Small currents should not produce toxicity

• Currently testing for silver toxicity– Utilizing toxicity specialist at NCSU’s College of

Veterinary Medicine– Device has been design and fabricated– Testing will begin shortly

Test of Other Bacteria

• Currently testing super bugs– MRSA– VRE– C. Dif– Cipro-resistant e. coli– Asperillus– Acinetobacter baumannii– Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Long lasting and controlled release

• The hip implant would last for as much as 10 years running constantly• Ion release can be regulated by increasing or decreasing current• Device can be turned ON and OFF as required

An almost ready for market product

ACE treatment on a polycarbonate hard surface. Hospital cafeteria trays could be made very inexpensively using this concept almost immediately.

Other highly problematic targets

Keyboard Mouse

Many Touch Surface Opportunities

Technology Competitors

Safer, longer lasting, and more effective *BioguardCB

NANOVER TM

Animal Testing

Early Rat Testing Results

• 37 animals were used• 29 survived surgery and 1-2 weeks of recovery• 9 - 16 rats were used as control – all had

osteomyelitis• Developed the required protocol to infect a rat

tibia, and then install a device that was bactericidal

Animal Test Results

• Established a protocol for inserting our device into the tibia of Sprague Dawley rats

• Surgeries were performed without any antibiotic!

ACE Devices Used – First round of surgeries

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Battery

Silver Cathode(Ø 1mm)

Silver Anode

Flexible Wire (Insulated)Resistance

Epoxy Bubble

80 mm(approx.)

+

Battery

Copper Cathode(35 gage wire)

Silver Anode

Flexible Wire (Insulated)Resistance

Epoxy Bubble

80 mm(approx.)

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BatteryFlexible Wires

(Insulated)Silver Wire

(Anode)

Silver Paint (Cathode)

InsulationEpoxy Bubble 80 mm

(approx.)

Results2/3 rats were staph-free with this device. Problem, the device would frequently pierce through skin and organs.

0/6 rats were staph-free Problem, device floated uncontrollably.

1/3 rats were staph-free This device showed promise.

ACE Devices used – Second round of surgeriesResults

0/3 rats were staph-free Problem, the device fell a part.

1/3 rats were staph-free This design concept looked promising.

2/3 rats were staph-free This was a good device for future testing

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BatteryTeflon coated Silver wires

Anode

Cathode

ANODE(BARE SILVER WIRE)

CATHODE(35 GAGE COPPER WIRE)

1.4 V BATTERY

SILICONE ENCASING

20 mm

45 mm

4 mm

ANODE(BARE SILVER WIRE)

CATHODE(COATED SILVER WIRE)

1.4 V BATTERY

SILICONE ENCASING

Our Device in a living rat – First set of surgeries third device

Device designs

Some early rat testing

Rat tibia in agar with pseudomonas