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Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative Considerations Jay Werkhaven, MD Pediatric Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University

Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

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Page 1: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative Considerations

Jay Werkhaven, MDPediatric OtolaryngologyVanderbilt University

Page 2: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Preoperative Evaluation

• Indications for tracheostomy• Anatomic evaluation• Physiologic evaluation• Caregiver(s) – are they capable?

Page 3: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Indications for tracheotomy

• Support of ventilation• Management of aspiration/secretions• Airway bypass

Page 4: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Anatomic Evaluation

• Presence of neck• Position of jaw• Head extension• Neoplasms• Vascular anomalies• Trachea

Page 5: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Vascular Anomaly

Page 6: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Prominant Inominate

Page 7: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Trachea

• Agenesis• Stenosis

Page 8: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Tracheal Stenosis

Page 9: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Physiologic Evaluation

• Peak inspiratory pressure– Cannot sustain long term ventilation with high pressures ( over 25cm )

• Prolonged pressure over 22cm may damage tracheal mucosa and cartilage

Page 10: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 11: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 12: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 13: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 14: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 15: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 16: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 17: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative
Page 18: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Operative Considerations

• Repeat airway evaluation• Perform tracheotomy over rigid bronchoscope• Divide thyroid isthmus• Vertical incision into trachea• Stay sutures• Do not suture trachetomy tube to skin• Mepilex dressing to protect neck

Page 19: Tracheostomy, Preoperative and Operative · PDF fileTracheostomy, Preoperative and ... Preoperative Evaluation • Indications for tracheostomy • Anatomic evaluation ... Post‐operative

Post‐operative Care

• PICU• Tracheotomy care – family instruction• First tracheotomy tube change at 5‐7 days