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TRANSFORMING NEIGHBOURHOODS THROUGH INTEGRATED
COMMUNITY ENERGY SYSTEMS
Kostas Chasapis2nd Year PhDSupervisors: Dr. David Allinson, Prof. Kevin Lomas
Doctoral Seminar12 December 2017
Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES)
o Multi-energy generation, distribution, storage and trading schemes.o Local community ownership and management of revenue
generation.o Electricity, heat and cold by use of DERs and Renewables.o Size: from a few households to an entire district.o Participants are prosumers instead of just consumers.
(Image adapted from ENVIDA) (Source: sierraclub.org)
Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES)
o Old generating capacity is phased out.o Local communities are ideally placed to identify local energy needs.o DERs’ rapid price fall → Community energy initiatives emerge. (5.000 in UK)
In this context ICES are the ideal concept to be taken forward and can be applied to old and new-built neighbourhoods or combination of both.
Location of community energy groups in the UK
Source: DECC-’Community Energy Strategy. Full Report’
Research Question
o Can we transform neighbourhoods in the UK aiming for lower energy demand, CO2 emissions and energy costs through Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES)?
Aim
o Develop a tool for modelling and assessment of ICES.o Use the tool to investigate the ICES choices in existing
and new-built neighbourhoods.
o How can you assess the case of transforming a neighbourhood into ICES?
o How do you evaluate the scale of the project and the effects it will deliver?
o Expand existing ICES or design new?
o What is the order of applying measures?
o Prefer one measure over another? (i.e. district heating over refurbishment).
Methods:
o Scoping study with steady-state model.
o Modular model:- demand, supply and assessment framework.
• Energy demand estimation:- based on building physics (CHM*).- deterministic mathematical model.
• Energy supply:- Individual models for each technology.- Mathematical models for energy conversions.
• Assessment Framework.- Cost-Benefit Analysis.
*Cambridge Housing Model: (cambridgeenergy.org.uk/project/cambridge-housing-model-decc/).
Model Layout
The Model – Current Development:
o House descriptions.- Weather, envelope, systems, occupants.
o Refurbishment options.- Wall insulation.- Windows upgrade.- Loft insulation.- Low energy lights.
o Energy Demand.- Space heating, DHW, Appliances, Lighting, Cooking (kWh/a).- CO2 emissions (kg/a).
o Local energy generation.- PV (roof, community plant).- Solar hot water.- ASHP (space heating only, individual dwellings).
o Costs and basic financial analysis.- Energy cost (£/a). - CAPEX.- Cash flow analysis.- Payback.- NPV.- MAC curves.
Selected Dwellings High Medium Low
Dwelling type Semi-detached Semi-detached Semi-detached
Region West Midlands East Midlands East Midlands
Occupancy 3 2 3
Solar Hot Water No No No
Main Heating System Gas – combi Gas - combi Gas - combi
Total Floor area 112 54 54
SAP Age Band 1900 - 1929 Before 1900 1983 - 1990
External Wall Type Solid brick Solid brick Cavity
Loft Insulation 100mm 75mm 75mm
Windows 1 Single Glazing Single Glazing Single Glazing
Total Energy Demand (kWh/a) 24162 15773 10496
Gas Demand (kWh/a) 19759 13197 7428
Electricity Demand (kWh/a) 4403 2576 3068
Space Heating Demand (kWh/a) 16025 9930 3814
First Results
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
BAU +Walls +Windows +Loft +Low NRG Lights +SHW +ASHP
kWh/aEnergy Demand per End-Use (kWh/a)
Space Heating Water Heating Electrical Appliances Lighting Cooking
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
High
Med
ium
Low
BAU +Walls +Windows +Loft +Low NRG Lights +SHW +ASHP +PV
kWh/aEnergy Demand per Fuel (kWh/a)
Gas Oil Solid Biomass Electricity PV Roof Community PV SHW
Low NRG Lights
SHW PV Lo
ft
Wal
ls
ASHP
-£200
-£100
£0
£100
£200
£300
£400
£500
£600
£700
£800
£900
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MAC
: £/t
CO2e
Potential tCO2e saving/year
MAC Curve Example
Further Work:
o Local energy generation options:- Community SHW, Wind, District heating, CHP.- Storage (heat and power).- Centralised ASHP/GSHP.- PV exports.
o Refine assessment framework.- Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACC).- Order of applying interventions.- Calculation of revenue generation.
o Cross-reference and verify model’s results.
o Introduce dynamic analysis.
o Identify case-studies and apply the tool.
Thank You!
QUESTIONS?
