Upload
suzanna-payne
View
212
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sustainable development:Sustainable development:
meeting the needs of the meeting the needs of the present without compromising present without compromising the ability of future generations the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.to meet their own needs.
– World Commission on Environment and World Commission on Environment and Development (1987): Development (1987): Our Common FutureOur Common Future
Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability
Environment
Economy Society
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability
Environment
Economy Society
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability
Environment
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
•biodiversitybiodiversity•materialsmaterials
•energyenergy•biophysical interactionsbiophysical interactions
Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability
Economy
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
•money and capitalmoney and capital•employmentemployment
•technological growthtechnological growth•investmentinvestment
•market forcesmarket forces
Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability
Society
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
•human diversity (cultural, linguistic, ethnic)human diversity (cultural, linguistic, ethnic)•equity (dependence / independence)equity (dependence / independence)
•quality of lifequality of life•institutional structures and organizationinstitutional structures and organization
•political structurespolitical structures
The Healthy Community Model The Healthy Community Model
SOCIETYSOCIETY
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
ECONOMYECONOMY
HEALTHHEALTH
Sustainability: PROBLEMSSustainability: PROBLEMS Depletion of finite resourcesDepletion of finite resources
– fuels, soil, minerals, speciesfuels, soil, minerals, species Over-use of renewable resourcesOver-use of renewable resources
– forests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public fundsforests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public funds PollutionPollution
– air, water, soilair, water, soil InequityInequity
– economic, political, social, gendereconomic, political, social, gender Species lossSpecies loss
– endangered species and spacesendangered species and spaces
- WCED, 1987- WCED, 1987
Sustainability: SOLUTIONSSustainability: SOLUTIONS Cyclical material useCyclical material use
– emulate natural cycles; 3 Remulate natural cycles; 3 R’’ss Safe reliable energySafe reliable energy
– conservation, renewable energy, conservation, renewable energy, substitution, interim measuressubstitution, interim measures
Life-based interestsLife-based interests– health, creativity, communication, health, creativity, communication,
coordination, appreciation, learning, coordination, appreciation, learning, intellectual and spiritual developmentintellectual and spiritual development
Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:
EQUITYEQUITY
LIMITS TO GROWTHLIMITS TO GROWTH
-WCED 1987-WCED 1987
Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:
the concept of the concept of needsneeds, particularly the essential , particularly the essential needs of the worldneeds of the world’’s poors poor
EQUITYEQUITY
-WCED 1987-WCED 1987
Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:
EQUITYEQUITY• the quality of being fair or impartial;the quality of being fair or impartial; fairness; impartiality fairness; impartiality
• something that is fair and just.something that is fair and just.
-dictionary.com-dictionary.com
Contrast with:Contrast with:
EQUALITYEQUALITY• the state or quality of being equal;the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. value, rank, or ability.
• uniform character, as of motion or uniform character, as of motion or surface. surface.
-dictionary.com-dictionary.com
Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:
the idea of the idea of limitationslimitations (ecological, technological, (ecological, technological, and social) which affect the environmentand social) which affect the environment’’s s ability to meet present and future needsability to meet present and future needs
LIMITS TO GROWTH LIMITS TO GROWTH
-WCED 1987-WCED 1987
Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:
LIMITS TO GROWTHLIMITS TO GROWTH- - quantitative quantitative andand qualitative limits qualitative limits- living within the regenerative and- living within the regenerative and
assimilative capacities of the assimilative capacities of the planetplanet
-WCED 1987-WCED 1987
Sustainable development...Sustainable development...
implies limitsimplies limits Not predefined absolute limits, but Not predefined absolute limits, but
limitations imposed by:limitations imposed by:– the ability of the biosphere to absorb the the ability of the biosphere to absorb the
effects of human activitieseffects of human activities– adaptability of human social and political adaptability of human social and political
organizationorganization– technologytechnology
Sustainable development Sustainable development and economic growthand economic growth
Economic growth must be made:Economic growth must be made:– less material intensive (less material intensive (‘‘dematerialization of dematerialization of
the economythe economy’’))– less energy intensiveless energy intensive– more equitable in its impactsmore equitable in its impacts
Economic growth may be reduced or Economic growth may be reduced or curtailed to meet limitations imposed by curtailed to meet limitations imposed by environment, technology, or societyenvironment, technology, or society
Institutional gaps impeding Institutional gaps impeding sustainable developmentsustainable development
2 major gaps:2 major gaps: fragmented decision makingfragmented decision making
– narrow mandates, jurisdictional rigidity, narrow mandates, jurisdictional rigidity, lack of communication and coordinationlack of communication and coordination
lack of accountabiitylack of accountabiity– failure to make the bodies whose policy failure to make the bodies whose policy
actions degrade the environment actions degrade the environment responsible for their actions responsible for their actions
Obsolescent Obsolescent ““frontierfrontier”” civilization: civilization:
ENERGYENERGY
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONALURBAN SYSTEMURBAN SYSTEM
MATERIALSMATERIALS
HEATHEAT
WASTE &WASTE &TOXINSTOXINS
One-way flow of materials and energyOne-way flow of materials and energy
CONSUMERCONSUMERSOCIETYSOCIETY
NON-RENEWABLENON-RENEWABLEand RENEWABLEand RENEWABLE
HIGHHIGHTHROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT
CONSERVERCONSERVERSOCIETYSOCIETY
Sustainable civilization:Sustainable civilization:
•Cyclical flows of materials Cyclical flows of materials •Appropriate energy usageAppropriate energy usage
Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
RENEWABLERENEWABLE
Waste MinimizationWaste MinimizationToxics controlToxics control
LOWLOWTHROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT
ENERGYENERGY
MATERIALSMATERIALS
Low-qualityLow-qualityHeat EnergyHeat Energy
Low-volumeLow-volumeNontoxic Nontoxic Waste Waste MaterialsMaterials
Sustainable development...Sustainable development...
considers future and present needs considers future and present needs when when making decisionsmaking decisions about: about:– resource and energy useresource and energy use
– technological developmenttechnological development
– direction of investmentsdirection of investments
– social, political & institutional social, political & institutional change...etc. etc. etc.change...etc. etc. etc.
ECONOMYECONOMY
ENVENV’’TT
SOCIETYSOCIETY
TRADITIONALDECISION MAKING
• NON-PARTICIPATORYNON-PARTICIPATORY
•FRAGMENTEDFRAGMENTED
SOCIETYSOCIETY
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
ECONOMYECONOMY
ECONOMYECONOMY
ENVENV’’TT
SOCIETYSOCIETY
TRADITIONALDECISION MAKING
ECOSYSTEM-BASEDDECISION MAKING
‘‘ECO-ECO-
SYSTEMSYSTEM
HEALTHHEALTH’’
SOCIETYSOCIETY
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
ECONOMYECONOMY
ECOSYSTEM-BASEDDECISION MAKING
• PARTICIPATORYPARTICIPATORY
• INTEGRATEDINTEGRATED
‘‘ECO-ECO-
SYSTEMSYSTEM
HEALTHHEALTH’’
Fragmented decision-makingFragmented decision-making
ISSUE ISSUE federal /federal /
nationalnational
municipalmunicipal
publicpublic
privateprivate
provincial /provincial /
statestateregionalregional
otherother
interestsinterests
communitycommunity
groupsgroups
- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991
Integrated decision-makingIntegrated decision-making
regionalregional
provincial/provincial/
statestatemunicipalmunicipalmunicipal
privateprivateprivate
communitycommunitycommunity
groupsgroupsgroups
publicpublicpublicother other
interestsinterests
federal/federalfederal/
nationalnationalnationalISSUEISSUEISSUE
- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991
decision makingdecision making
• anticipatoryanticipatory(planning for (planning for change)change)
• reactivereactive
decision makingdecision making
• radicalradical(fundamental; (fundamental; root causes)root causes)
• anticipatoryanticipatory
• reactivereactive
• radicalradical
• anticipatoryanticipatory
• reactivereactive
IndustryIndustry
• change in demandchange in demand - - less consumptionless consumption - alternative consumption- alternative consumption
• change in processchange in process - - clean technologyclean technology - elimination of toxics- elimination of toxics
• sewage treatment plantsewage treatment plant- - ‘‘end of pipeend of pipe’’ solution solution
• environmentenvironment andand
economyeconomy andand
societysociety
• environmentenvironmentandand
economyeconomy
• environmentenvironmentoror
economyeconomy