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TREN 1F90 TREN 1F90 Introduction Introduction to to Sustainability Sustainability

TREN 1F90 Introduction to Sustainability. Sustainable development: u meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations

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TREN 1F90TREN 1F90

Introduction to Introduction to SustainabilitySustainability

Sustainable development:Sustainable development:

meeting the needs of the meeting the needs of the present without compromising present without compromising the ability of future generations the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.to meet their own needs.

– World Commission on Environment and World Commission on Environment and Development (1987): Development (1987): Our Common FutureOur Common Future

Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability

Environment

Economy Society

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

the sustainable the sustainable development triangledevelopment triangle

Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability

Environment

Economy Society

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability

Environment

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

•biodiversitybiodiversity•materialsmaterials

•energyenergy•biophysical interactionsbiophysical interactions

Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability

Economy

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

•money and capitalmoney and capital•employmentemployment

•technological growthtechnological growth•investmentinvestment

•market forcesmarket forces

Elements of sustainabilityElements of sustainability

Society

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

•human diversity (cultural, linguistic, ethnic)human diversity (cultural, linguistic, ethnic)•equity (dependence / independence)equity (dependence / independence)

•quality of lifequality of life•institutional structures and organizationinstitutional structures and organization

•political structurespolitical structures

The The ‘‘3 Es3 Es’’ Model Model

Ecology

Economy Equity

The Healthy Community Model The Healthy Community Model

SOCIETYSOCIETY

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

ECONOMYECONOMY

HEALTHHEALTH

Sustainability: PROBLEMSSustainability: PROBLEMS Depletion of finite resourcesDepletion of finite resources

– fuels, soil, minerals, speciesfuels, soil, minerals, species Over-use of renewable resourcesOver-use of renewable resources

– forests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public fundsforests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public funds PollutionPollution

– air, water, soilair, water, soil InequityInequity

– economic, political, social, gendereconomic, political, social, gender Species lossSpecies loss

– endangered species and spacesendangered species and spaces

- WCED, 1987- WCED, 1987

Sustainability: SOLUTIONSSustainability: SOLUTIONS Cyclical material useCyclical material use

– emulate natural cycles; 3 Remulate natural cycles; 3 R’’ss Safe reliable energySafe reliable energy

– conservation, renewable energy, conservation, renewable energy, substitution, interim measuressubstitution, interim measures

Life-based interestsLife-based interests– health, creativity, communication, health, creativity, communication,

coordination, appreciation, learning, coordination, appreciation, learning, intellectual and spiritual developmentintellectual and spiritual development

Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:

EQUITYEQUITY

LIMITS TO GROWTHLIMITS TO GROWTH

-WCED 1987-WCED 1987

Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:

the concept of the concept of needsneeds, particularly the essential , particularly the essential needs of the worldneeds of the world’’s poors poor

EQUITYEQUITY

-WCED 1987-WCED 1987

Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:

EQUITYEQUITY• the quality of being fair or impartial;the quality of being fair or impartial; fairness; impartiality fairness; impartiality

• something that is fair and just.something that is fair and just.

-dictionary.com-dictionary.com

Contrast with:Contrast with:

EQUALITYEQUALITY• the state or quality of being equal;the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. value, rank, or ability.

• uniform character, as of motion or uniform character, as of motion or surface. surface.

-dictionary.com-dictionary.com

Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:

the idea of the idea of limitationslimitations (ecological, technological, (ecological, technological, and social) which affect the environmentand social) which affect the environment’’s s ability to meet present and future needsability to meet present and future needs

LIMITS TO GROWTH LIMITS TO GROWTH

-WCED 1987-WCED 1987

Two key sustainable development concepts:Two key sustainable development concepts:

LIMITS TO GROWTHLIMITS TO GROWTH- - quantitative quantitative andand qualitative limits qualitative limits- living within the regenerative and- living within the regenerative and

assimilative capacities of the assimilative capacities of the planetplanet

-WCED 1987-WCED 1987

Sustainable development...Sustainable development...

implies limitsimplies limits Not predefined absolute limits, but Not predefined absolute limits, but

limitations imposed by:limitations imposed by:– the ability of the biosphere to absorb the the ability of the biosphere to absorb the

effects of human activitieseffects of human activities– adaptability of human social and political adaptability of human social and political

organizationorganization– technologytechnology

Sustainable development Sustainable development and economic growthand economic growth

Economic growth must be made:Economic growth must be made:– less material intensive (less material intensive (‘‘dematerialization of dematerialization of

the economythe economy’’))– less energy intensiveless energy intensive– more equitable in its impactsmore equitable in its impacts

Economic growth may be reduced or Economic growth may be reduced or curtailed to meet limitations imposed by curtailed to meet limitations imposed by environment, technology, or societyenvironment, technology, or society

Institutional gaps impeding Institutional gaps impeding sustainable developmentsustainable development

2 major gaps:2 major gaps: fragmented decision makingfragmented decision making

– narrow mandates, jurisdictional rigidity, narrow mandates, jurisdictional rigidity, lack of communication and coordinationlack of communication and coordination

lack of accountabiitylack of accountabiity– failure to make the bodies whose policy failure to make the bodies whose policy

actions degrade the environment actions degrade the environment responsible for their actions responsible for their actions

materials and materials and energyenergy

Obsolescent Obsolescent ““frontierfrontier”” civilization: civilization:

ENERGYENERGY

CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONALURBAN SYSTEMURBAN SYSTEM

MATERIALSMATERIALS

HEATHEAT

WASTE &WASTE &TOXINSTOXINS

One-way flow of materials and energyOne-way flow of materials and energy

CONSUMERCONSUMERSOCIETYSOCIETY

NON-RENEWABLENON-RENEWABLEand RENEWABLEand RENEWABLE

HIGHHIGHTHROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT

CONSERVERCONSERVERSOCIETYSOCIETY

Sustainable civilization:Sustainable civilization:

•Cyclical flows of materials Cyclical flows of materials •Appropriate energy usageAppropriate energy usage

Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

RENEWABLERENEWABLE

Waste MinimizationWaste MinimizationToxics controlToxics control

LOWLOWTHROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT

ENERGYENERGY

MATERIALSMATERIALS

Low-qualityLow-qualityHeat EnergyHeat Energy

Low-volumeLow-volumeNontoxic Nontoxic Waste Waste MaterialsMaterials

informationinformationand decision and decision

makingmaking

Sustainable development...Sustainable development...

considers future and present needs considers future and present needs when when making decisionsmaking decisions about: about:– resource and energy useresource and energy use

– technological developmenttechnological development

– direction of investmentsdirection of investments

– social, political & institutional social, political & institutional change...etc. etc. etc.change...etc. etc. etc.

ECONOMYECONOMY

ENVENV’’TT

SOCIETYSOCIETY

TRADITIONALDECISION MAKING

ECONOMYECONOMY

ENVENV’’TT

SOCIETYSOCIETY

TRADITIONALDECISION MAKING

• NON-PARTICIPATORYNON-PARTICIPATORY

•FRAGMENTEDFRAGMENTED

SOCIETYSOCIETY

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

ECONOMYECONOMY

ECONOMYECONOMY

ENVENV’’TT

SOCIETYSOCIETY

TRADITIONALDECISION MAKING

ECOSYSTEM-BASEDDECISION MAKING

‘‘ECO-ECO-

SYSTEMSYSTEM

HEALTHHEALTH’’

SOCIETYSOCIETY

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

ECONOMYECONOMY

ECOSYSTEM-BASEDDECISION MAKING

• PARTICIPATORYPARTICIPATORY

• INTEGRATEDINTEGRATED

‘‘ECO-ECO-

SYSTEMSYSTEM

HEALTHHEALTH’’

Fragmented decision-makingFragmented decision-making

ISSUE ISSUE federal /federal /

nationalnational

municipalmunicipal

publicpublic

privateprivate

provincial /provincial /

statestateregionalregional

otherother

interestsinterests

communitycommunity

groupsgroups

- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991

Integrated decision-makingIntegrated decision-making

regionalregional

provincial/provincial/

statestatemunicipalmunicipalmunicipal

privateprivateprivate

communitycommunitycommunity

groupsgroupsgroups

publicpublicpublicother other

interestsinterests

federal/federalfederal/

nationalnationalnationalISSUEISSUEISSUE

- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991- after Barrett and Kidd, 1991

decision makingdecision making

• reactivereactive

decision makingdecision making

• reactivereactive ((‘‘end of pipeend of pipe’’))

decision makingdecision making

• anticipatoryanticipatory

• reactivereactive

decision makingdecision making

• anticipatoryanticipatory(planning for (planning for change)change)

• reactivereactive

decision makingdecision making

• radicalradical

• anticipatoryanticipatory

• reactivereactive

decision makingdecision making

• radicalradical(fundamental; (fundamental; root causes)root causes)

• anticipatoryanticipatory

• reactivereactive

decision makingdecision making

• radicalradical

• anticipatoryanticipatory

• reactivereactive

• radicalradical

• anticipatoryanticipatory

• reactivereactive

IndustryIndustry

• change in demandchange in demand - - less consumptionless consumption - alternative consumption- alternative consumption

• change in processchange in process - - clean technologyclean technology - elimination of toxics- elimination of toxics

• sewage treatment plantsewage treatment plant- - ‘‘end of pipeend of pipe’’ solution solution

• environmentenvironment andand

economyeconomy andand

societysociety

• environmentenvironmentandand

economyeconomy

• environmentenvironmentoror

economyeconomy