STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

ISSN: 2347-9965

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

& Technology(TMET)

Jan - April 2014

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Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology

(ISSN: 2347-9965)

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India

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Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

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of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

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Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

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Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

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Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

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National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda Patil10 L-M,2nd Floor, 4th N Block, Dr.Rajkumar Road, Rajajinagar,

Bangalore , India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department NIT, Rourkela, India.

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Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

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Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Prof. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, 160012 India.

Pramod Kumar MishraM. N.N.I.T., Allahabad, India.

Dr. N SitaramProfessor Department of Mechanical Engineering Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory Department of Mechanical

Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai India.

Professor K - RamamurthiDean, Hindustan University, Chennai, India.

Dr. Raghu Vasu PrakashIndian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai 600 036, India.

Prof. Shakkottai P VenkateshanProfessor and Head, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai

600036, India.

Dr. Samir SaraswatiMechanical Engineering Department,

MNNIT, Allahabad-211004, India.

Dr. Sudarsan NagarajanAssociate Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering National

Intitute of Technology Calicut NITC

Campus P.O., Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.

Dr. Manoj Kumar KhuranaMotilal Nehru National Institute of

Technology, Allahabad-211004 India.

Sudhakar SubudhiAssistant Professor NIT CalicutNational

Institute of Technology, Calicut.

Dr. Madhusudanan V PillaiAssociate Professor Department of

Mechanical Engineering NIT Calicut NIT Campus (P.O.) Calicut, KERALA,

India.

Santhakumar MohanKAIST, Korea, Republic Of South Korea.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Trends in

Mechanical Engineering & Technology (TMET). The intension of TMET is to create an atmosphere

that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Mechanical Engineering &

Technology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMET provides an outlet for Research findings and

reviews in areas of Mechanical Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Mechanical Engineering & Technology.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Additives and EGR Process for the Exhaust Gases in Compression Ignition Engine Binyamin Christian, A R Patel 1

2. Effect of Condenser Backpressure on Power Plant Heat Rate and Thermal Efficiency Acharya Chirag, Nirvesh Mehta, Jaspal Dabhi 6

3. FEA Analysis for the Optimization of an Extrusion DieP. Gowthamraju, Ch. Srinivasa Rao 10

4. Influence of Cutting Speed and Tool Angles on Tool Forces in Turning of Steel Reinforced Polymer CompositesK. G. Satish, B. Siddeswarappa, K. Mohamed Kaleemulla 22

5. The Study of Hole Flanging Process of Advanced High Strength SteelPankaj Shrivastava, S. K. Panthi 28

ContentsTrends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Additives and EGR Process for the Exhaust Gases in

Compression Ignition Engine

Binyamin Christian1*, A R Patel

2

1Department Thermal in Mechanical Engineering, LDRP – ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, LDRP – ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract Exhaust gases is the most prompt topic in current situation. Exhaust gases badly affect

the environment, human and other living organism so, controlling of exhaust gases is very essential. Today automobile vehicles particularly diesel engine vehicles emit more

exhaust gases, so for the controlling of exhaust gases we can use additives in fuel and EGR process together. When the additives are mixed with fuel, a cylinder pressure

decreases and ignition delay and combustion duration becomes shorter and emission of

smoke, HC and CO is reduced. However, the NOx emission has little effect, so for the NOx reduction we can use EGR process in which we can induce some percentage of

exhaust gases in cylinder and can keep the cylinder temperature low. This can help to

reduce the NOx reduction because as the cylinder temperature goes lower, the NOx emission is lower and by the combination like additives and EGR process, we can reduce

the exhaust gases.

Keywords: Additives, EGR, emissions, combustion, diesel engine

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Condenser Backpressure on Power Plant Heat

Rate and Thermal Efficiency

Acharya Chirag1*, Nirvesh Mehta

2, Jaspal Dabhi

2

1Department Thermal in Mechanical Engineering, LDRP – ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract Thermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. Optimizing

operating condition can considerably improve condensing and vacuum of condenser

hence efficiency. Steam exhaust pressure affects the performance of turbine. Variation in condenser backpressure about design can impact the economic operation of a unit with

respect to heat rate. The study has been carried out for the load of 210 MW GSECL thermal power plant.

Keywords: Condenser, back pressure, power, heat rate, thermal efficiency

TMET (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

FEA Analysis for the Optimization of an Extrusion Die

P. Gowthamraju, Ch. Srinivasa Rao*

Mechanical Engineering Department, Andhra University College of Engineering,

Visakhapatnam, AP, India

Abstract The process of extrusion plays a vital role in the production process of different parts in

various environments. Even though there is lot of variations in the production of parts

during extrusion with conventional processes to the latest automation in the manufacturing. There is a need to develop different die designs by varying input

processes variables for the extrusion process in an optimum manner. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the optimal cold forward extrusion process variables at

minimum Extrusion force. The present work deals with the different approaches, one is a

statistical method, i.e., Taguchi orthogonal array and the another one is an evolutionary algorithm, i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization in order to determine optimal values of

logarithmic strain, die angle and friction coefficient with a purpose to find minimum

Extrusion force and the obtained results are compared with those in existing literature. The obtained results lead to the lower energy consumption, better tool life, better

formability of the work material, and the better quality of the finished extruded part. With the optimal values obtained in both the techniques, a three dimensional model is

developed and analysis is carried out on ANSYS platform. Based on the ANSYS results

optimal values or the extrusion process variables are determined.

Keywords: Cold forward extrusion, extrusion force model, die angle, logarithmic

strain, frictional coefficient, Taguchi OA, Particle swarm optimization

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Influence of Cutting Speed and Tool Angles on

Tool Forces in Turning of Steel Reinforced

Polymer Composites

K. G. Satish, B. Siddeswarappa, K. Mohamed Kaleemulla*

Faculty in Department of Mechanical Engineering, University B.D.T. College of Engineering,

Davangere, India

Abstract Turning of steel fiber reinforced polymer composites is quite different compared to

machining of conventional metals and alloys. Hence an experimental investigation on

orthogonal turning was carried out in an effort to analyze the variation in cutting force and thrust force for different cutting speeds, depth of cuts and tool rake and relief angles

using HSS tool. The cutting and thrust force values were found to be decreasing with the increase in cutting speed and also with the increase of rake and relief angles. Results

also indicated that with the increase in depth of cut, the tool forces increased for any

combination of tool angles and cutting speed.

Keywords: Polymer composites, steel fiber, cutting and thrust force, tool angles and

cutting speed

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

The Study of Hole Flanging Process of Advanced

High Strength Steel

Pankaj Shrivastava1*, S. K. Panthi

2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Corporate Institute of Science & Technology,

Bhopal, M.P., India 2CSIR-Advanced Material and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, M.P., India

Abstract In the hole flanging process, predetermine hole in the sheet is enlarged by using the

larger punch radius for forming the flange. This process is widely used in the various

industries. In this study, the hole flanging process in a circular sheet of advanced high strength steel is carried out using elasto-plastic finite element numerical simulation. The

lip shape behavior and punch load variation in hole flanging process is studied considering various geometrical parameters such as thickness of the sheet, punch & die

gap and center hole diameter. The results of simulations are compared with published

experimental results, which show a considerable agreement.

Keywords: Hole flanging process, lip shape behavior, punch load, numerical

simulation