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TRMT 396 Lecture #1

TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

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Page 1: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

TRMT 396

Lecture #1

Page 2: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

In-Situ ControlPre-contact

In-Situ Exposureexplorers & anthropologists

Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation

In-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation

In-Situ Quasi-Empowerment

Ex-Situ Quasi-Empowerment

Weaver, 2010

Page 3: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Anthropology and tourism coincide – links to empire, social Darwinism, widespread media, etc.

Dichotomy created Primitive - modern

Native Hawaiians as “Ideal Natives” ie. a non-threatening, soft primitivism (Desmond, 1999)

FORMULA: Hula=beautiful women=native=hawaii

Burlesque-like environment of Musa Isle Village (Seminole) and other attractions

(Desmond, 1999)

Page 4: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Perhaps a space to articulate selves & resist assimilation

“What better way …to maintain a separate collective identity than by commodifying cultural difference” (Nesper, 2003)

Playing indianEnabled cultural resurgenceEconomic move when other

venues denied/decline e.g. logging & fishing

Lac du Flambeau (bowl) to Cowichan (opera) examples

Page 5: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Desire for a souvenir of the encounter – authenticity important (Dilworth, 2003)

Evasion & Resistance OR production & mediation (Erikson, 2003)

History of mediating tradition for Euro-American tastes

Shifting production (size, style) and re-introduction of goods no longer in common use (Haida example)

Page 6: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Curios/carving/baskets made for tourist consumption

Young Doctor’s house as longhouse, store, roller rink, museum, etc.

Assertion of guardianship of their own past

Erikson, 2003

Page 7: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

The “Chief” train from Chicago to LA

Aboriginal people as “promotional tools”

Fred Harvey’s hotels and “Indian Detours” – lavish buses and “Harvey Girl”/Courier guides

Pueblo & Navajo vendors at train station, along highways and under the portico of the Governors Palace

Revival of some pottery/weaving traditions in response

Fried, 2010; Weaver , 2010

Page 8: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Carving & basket making for curios by 1850

Ethnographic trade in full swing by 1870’s

Fl0od tide of collectors 1880-1920 (then market crash)

Design specifically for saleEngage in tours and

shows : Kwakwaka'wakw @ Chicago World’s

Fair (1893) Quatsino @ St. Louis World’s Fair

(1904) Bella Coola tour of Germany (1885-86)

Page 9: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Tlingit perform for steamboat cruise tourists & sell baskets on boardwalks of Sitka

Inside passage initially known as the ‘Totem-pole” route

Alaska Steamship ad 1906“No home is complete now-a-

days without a neat and artistically arranged Indian basket corner”

Raibmon, 2005

Page 10: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Migratory farm work in the hops fields and fruit orchards

Tourist trade developed to visit the workers’ camps – trains up from Seattle

Multiple responsesAccess to eventsProduction of curios &

basketsGuided (fishing/hunting)Posed for photosOrganized performances

Raibmon, 2005

Page 11: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Banff Indian DaysPikani (Blackfeet) as

official hosts for Great Northern hotels

Havasupai guides for horse packing trips into Grand Canyon

Page 12: TRMT 396 Lecture #1. In-Situ Control Pre-contact In-Situ Exposure explorers & anthropologists Ex-Situ Exhibitionism & Exploitation In-Situ Exhibitionism

Dilworth, L. (2003). “Handmade by an American Indian” Souvenirs and the Cultural Economy of the Southwest. In H. Rothman (ed) The Culture of Tourism, the Tourism of Culture. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Keller, R. & Turek, M. (1998). American Indians & National Parks. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Knight, R. (1996). Indians at Work. Vancouver, BC: New Star.

Raibmon, P. (2006). Authentic Indians: Episodes of Encounter from the late Nineteenth Century Northwest Coast. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.