TRUCKS IN CALIFORNIA: WHAT U.S. & OVERSEAS

COMPANIES MUST KNOW ABOUT CARB COMPLIANCE

Knowledge Lab | Oct. 9 | 4:00pm-5:00pm

Summary

Air Quality Overview and Health Impacts Diesel Emissions Reductions Programs The Air Quality “Trifecta” in California Enforcement & Responsible Parties “Sustainable Freight Strategy” Questions and Answers

California is a “Nation-State”

Stats 37 million residents Ranks as the 6th or 7th

largest economy globally About 25% of domestic

logistics revenue touches the state

25 million light gasoline vehicles

Over 1 million diesel vehicles

Recognized nationally and internationally for emissions reductions programs

California Trade Corridors

Seaports and rail facilities are located in areas with high population density

Economic and environmental justice are concerns in these areas

The communities surrounding the ports have driven much of the change toward lower emissions

A public policy and economic tug of war continues on how to fund needed infrastruture

California Vessel Volume

California Container Volumes

Recent Headlines

10 “California Leading on Emissions as Brown Signs New Laws”, Bloomberg News

9“With California's blessing, the U.S. could leapfrog its own inaction and find itself once again at the forefront in the race to address climate change,” Los Angeles Times

8 “Obama Calls For More Ambitious Approach To Climate Change In U.N. Speech," National Public Radio

7“The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is granting the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) request for a waiver of Clean Air Act preemption to enforce provisions of its Heavy-Duty Tractor-Trailer Greenhouse Gas Regulations,” Federal Register

6 “EPA's Phase 2 Greenhouse Gas Rules Still Unknown,” Heavy Duty Trucking

Recent Headlines

5 “ARB adopts changes to California’s Truck and Bus Regulation,” CARB press release

4 “Left-coast gamble: CARB forces tough year end decision for many owner-operators,” Overdrive Magazine

3 “Diesel truck and bus fleets fined for California air quality violations,” (over $2 million) CARB press release

2 Interstate carriers and 3PL’s Alert: “International Brokers Case Settles for $300,000,” CARB press release

1 What happens in California does not stay in California

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-23/california-leading-on-emissions-as-brown-signs-new-laws.html

http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-diperna-climate-un-cap-and-trade-california-20140923-story.htmlhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/23/350911527/obama-to-lays-out-approach-to-climate-change-in-u-n-speechhttps://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/08/07/2014-18742/california-state-motor-vehicle-pollution-control-standards-heavy-duty-tractor-trailer-greenhouse-gashttp://www.truckinginfo.com/news/story/2014/09/epa-s-phase-2-greenhouse-gas-rules-still-unknown.aspxhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=603http://www.overdriveonline.com/left-coast-gamble-carb-forces-tough-yearend-decision-for-many-owner-operators/http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=610http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=434http://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/south-carolina-ports-authority/south-carolina-ports-authority-launch-clean-truck-program_20131104.html

East Coast Actions

California Air Regulatory Overview

Three Levels The United States

Environmental Protection Agency implements federal law relating to stationary and mobile sources of emissions

CARB implements mobile source controls

The 35 local Air Districts have some role in mobile sources but concentrate on stationary sources

CARB Structure

Twelve member Board State legal authority to protect the public from pollution The United States EPA acts upon “waiver” requests from

CARB in order for CARB to enact fleet rules Other states are adopting California-style rules (e.g. South

Carolina Port Trucking)

CARB is Almost 50 Years Old

Major initiatives: Catalytic converters Lead removal from gasoline Low sulfur diesel MTBE/oxygenated fuels Low emission cars:

ZEV/PZEV/ULEV/SULEV

By Ozone By Year Round Particle Pollution By Short Term Particle Pollution

#1: Los Angeles Region, CA #1: Bakersfield, CA #1: Bakersfield, CA

#2: Visalia – Porterville, CA #2: Hanford, CA #2: Fresno, CA

#3: Bakersfield CA #3: Los Angeles Region, CA #3:Hanford, CA

#4: Fresno, CA #4: Visalia-Porterville, CA #4: Los Angeles Region, CA

#5: Hanford – Corcoran, CA #5: Fresno, CA #5: Modesto, CA

#6: Sacramento Region, CA #6: Pittsburgh, PA #6: Pittsburgh, PA

#7: San Diego Region, CA #7: Phoenix, AZ #7: Salt Lake City, UT

#8: Houston Region, TX #8: Cincinnati Region, OH #8: Logan, UT

#9: San Luis Obispo, CA #9: Louisville Region, KY #9: Fairbanks, AK

#10: Merced, CA #10: Philadelphia Region, PA #10: Merced, CA

#11: Modesto, CA #10: St. Louis, MO #11: Provo – Orem, UT

#12: Dallas-Fort Worth, TX #12: Steubenville-Weirton, OH #12: Visalia – Porterville, CA

#13: Washington DC Region, MD/VA/WV #12: Birmingham. AL #13: Eugene – Springfield, OR

#14: El Centro, CA #14: Indianapolis, IL #14: Green Bay, WI

#15: New York - NY #14: Fairbanks, AK #15: Stockton, CA

#16: Philadelphia – PA #14: Cleveland, OH #16: Las Cruces, NM

#16: Chico, CA #17: Charleston, WV #17: Harrisburg, PA

#18: Charlotte, NC #17: Dayton, OH #18: San Diego Region, CA

#19: Phoenix, AZ #17: Columbus, OH #18 Chicago Region, IL

#20: Pittsburgh, PA #20: Parkersburg, WV #20: Milwaukee, WI

#21: Birmingham, AL #20: Wheeling, WV #21: Sacramento Region, CA

#21: Cincinnati, OH #20: Huntington, WV #22: Washington DC Region, MD/VA/WV

#23: Stockton, CA #23: Houston, TX #22: Philadelphia Region, PA

#24: Baton Rouge, LA #24:Davenport Region, IA #22: Davenport, IA

#25: Atlanta, GA #24:Hagerstown, MD #25: South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka, IN/MI

The Problem With Diesel Trucks

% of Total On-Road Vehicles

Heavy Duty2%

Light & Medium

98%

01020304050607080

Total Vehicle Emissions

30%

65%

NOx PM1

0

Strategy 1: Cleaner Fuels

Stringent Diesel Fuel Standards (15 ppm sulfur diesel

and aromatics 2006)

Low Carbon Fuel Standard (10% less carbon intensity

by 2020)

The State’s strategy has officially been “fuel neutral”

however grants and incentives for alternative fuels and

biofuels have existed for many years

The South Coast AQMD strategy jump started natural

gas vehicles (NGVs)

~ 4,538 Transit Buses

~ 3,632 Light- and Medium-Duty Public Fleet Vehicles

~ 1,886 Refuse Trucks

~ 1,965 School Buses

~ 526 Heavy-Duty PublicFleet Vehicles

~ 300 Street Sweepers

~ 856 Taxicabs and Airport Shuttles

Alternative Fuel VehiclesWithin SoCal (2012 est)

:

Fuel Pathways Affecting (GHG) Emissions

Strategy 2: Burn Fuel More Cleanly

Diesel motor vehicles number approximately 400,000 in-state

registration and in excess of 600,000 visit the state annually

Waiting for turnover is not fast enough to meet federal standards

Diesel Risk Reduction Plan of 2000

(Reduce PM exposure 75% by 2010 and 85% by 2020)

Stringent Engine Certification Standards

(2007 PM and 2010 NOx)

In – Use Programs

(“The 3 Rs”: Retrofit, Repower, Replace + Incentives and

Enforcement) = Clean Green Engines and Vehicles

Strategy 2: Implementation• Urban buses - 2000

• School bus and delivery vehicle idling - 2003

• Solid waste collection vehicles - 2003

• Transport refrigeration units - 2004

• Stationary compression ignition engines - 2004

• Truck idling - 2004

• Portable engines - 2004

• Locomotive and harbor craft fuel – 2004

Strategy 2: Implementation• Transit fleet vehicles - 2005

• Public agencies and utility on-road fleets - 2005

• Port/rail cargo handling equipment - 2005

• Ship auxiliary engine fuels - 2005

• Off-road (e.g. construction and mining) vehicles - 2007

• Drayage (port) trucks - 2007

• Commercial harbor craft - 2008

• Statewide trucks and buses

CARB Port-related Regulations

Phase 1: 2009 through 2013

20,000 heavy truck required diesel particulate filters or replacement statewide

In Los Angeles & Long Beach, replacement was required by 2012

Phase 2: 2014 through 2022

Heavy trucks that were retrofit must be replaced with 2010 or newer engines

Strategy 3: Burn Less Fuel

Regulates 53 foot and longer box-type trailers (dry-van & refrigerated-van trailers) and the tractors that pull them

Tractor TrailerGreenhouse Gas

Fuel-tank skirts

Integrated roof fairing

Cab side gap fairings

Aerodynamic bumper

Aerodynamic mirrors

Aero profile tractor

Tractor Aerodynamics

Trailer Aerodyna

mics

Tire Rolling Resistance

SmartWay Program Information: http://epa.gov/smartway/:

Reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

CARB Enforcement Summary

2011 Closed Enforcement Actions

Program Enforcement Actions Closed

Penalties

Mobile Sources 3440 $ 6,133,306

Fuels 21 $ 209,000

Consumer Products 31 $ 213,000

Cargo Tanks 15 $ 7,003

Railroad MOUs 29 $ 10,000

Total Cases 3536 $ 6,652,309

2012 Closed Enforcement Actions

Who gets stopped for an inspection?

• Inspections are Random− Excessively smoking vehicles− Pre-2007 trucks with no filters will be easier to spot

What are they looking for?

• Engine labels• Filter labels• Excessive

smoke

Enforcement at Ports

Inland Empire (Press Enterprise Nov. 20, 2013)

http://video.pe.com/29Tit/diesel-crackdown-state-regulators-cite-offending-trucks/

Delinquent Citation Enforcement

• DMV “registration holds” (~2000 to date)• CHP “out of service process” per Vehicle Code

section 27159 (~500 to date -- vehicles held)• CARB obtains judgments in Sacramento

Superior Court under authority of California Health and Safety Code section 44011.6 (~ 3,500 obtained to date)

• CARB executes judgments to place liens on property, etc.

“Supply-Chain” Liability

DRIVER

CARRIER

DISPATCHER

SHIPPER

RECIEVER

BROKER

1. Emission Control Label

2. HDVIP

3. PSIP

4. Idle Reduction

5. Transport Refrigeration Unit

6. GHG (SmartWay) Rule

7. Drayage Truck Rule

8. Statewide Truck and Bus

April 2014 Hearing

“Economic Hardship”

Questions & Answers

Thanks….

Sean Edgar

CleanFleets.net

916-520-6040 Ext 104

Sean@

CleanFleets.net