Slide 1
Cho mng thy v cc bn !CH : so snh cc phng php lm sch nc maGVHD :
THI VN C
Danh sch nhm 71.Nguyn Ngc Thy i.2.Phm Th Thu Huyn.3.Phan Th Kim
Khu.4.Cao Ngc Phng Linh.5.Bin Th Tuyt Ly.6.Cao Th i M.7.L Th
N.8.Nguyn Th Lp Phng.9.L Th Xun Thi.10.Trn Th Thu Trang.11.Nguyn H
Tho Vy.TTTNCNG VICNH GI1Nguyn Ngc Thu iSo snh tn tht ng2.Phm Th Thu
HuynTng quan cc phng php v ghp bi.3Phan Th Kim KhuSo snh quy m, chi
ph4Cao Ngc Phng LinhSo snh lng vi5Bin Th Tuyt LySo snh hiu qu lm
sch cht khng ng6Cao Th i MSo snh tn tht ng7L Th NLm bnh Mousse
chanh dy8Nguyn Th Lp PhngSo snh lng vi9.L Th Xun ThiTng quan v cc
phng php10Trn Th Thu TrangSo snh hiu qu lm sch cht khng ng
11Nguyn H Tho VyLm bnh Mousse chanh dy
ng l mt thc n quan trng cho s sng ca con ngi, ng l sn phm dinh
dng ch yu cn thit cho c th con ngi.
c lng ng cho chng ta s dng hng ngy, th phi tri qua mt qu trnh ht
sc phc tp, t vic trng ma, thu hoch ma, x l ma,..., n vic nu ng, phn
loi v ng bao.Trong , vic lm sch nc ma sau khi p l cng on khng th
thiu trong vic sn xut ng, gip cho ng c sch hn v t cht lng tt hn.
I.Tng quan v cc phng php lm sch nc maHin nay, sn xut ng thng thng c
3 phng php lm sch nc ma : Phng php vi ho, phng php sunfit ho, phng
php cacbonat ho.
Trong cc phng php lm sch u bao gm cc cng on chung nh gia nhit,
trung ho, lng, lc loi cht khng ng v gim mu sc ca nc ma hn hp.
Mi phng php lm sch c yu cu k thut, thit b khc nhau nhng u hng ti
gim ng sacaroza b chuyn ha v n lm gim sn lng ng, gim hiu sut thu hi
ng. l mt s tn tht rt nghim trng trong sn xut ng.I.1.Gii thiu v 3
phng php lm sch.Phng php vi ho Dng vi v nhit lm sch nc ma. y l phng
php n gin nht v c con ngi p dng t rt lu. nc ta, phng php vi c dng
sn xut ng th.
Phng php cacbonat hoDng vi v CO2 lm sch nc ma.Phng php ny sn xut
ra ng knh trng, cho hiu sut thu hi ng cao nhng vn u t cao.
I.1.Gii thiu v 3 phng php lm sch.Phng php sunfit hoDng vi v kh
SO2 lm sch nc ma. Phng php sunfit ha trc tip sn xut ra ng trng, c
dng ph bin nc ta.Tuy nhin : Phng php sunfit ho kim mnh kh khng ch
tr s pH trung ha, d sinh hin tng qu kim hoc qu axit. Do , phng php
ny khng c dng nc ta. Phng php sunfit kim nh t c dng do di tc dng ca
kim, ng kh d dng b phn hy, tng mu sc v hm lng mui canxi ca nc
ma.
I.1.Gii thiu v 3 phng php lm sch.Phng phap gia viPhng phap
sunfit hoaPhng phap cacbonat hoaTrong nc mia co sn PO43- b sung
Ca2+ hp thu cht keo,cht mau, axit to mui khng tan trong nc mia. Han
ch phan ng do mi trng axit cua nc mia han ch s phn hu ng sacaroza.-
Khi cho SO2 va vi vao trong nc mia hoc mt ch se xay ra cac phan ng
ma muc tiu cui cung la tao ra CaSO3. CaSO3 la cht kt tua co kha nng
hp thu cac cht khng ng, cht mau, cht keotrong nc ma.CO2 tac dung vi
vi d tao kt tua CaCO3 co kha nng hp thu cac cht khng ng khac trong
dung dich lam sach nc miaI.2.Nguyn l lam sach nc mia8II.1.Lng
viII.So snh cc phng php lm sch nc maPhng php viPhng php sunfit
haPhng php cacbonat haPhng php cho vi vo nc ma lnhPhng php cho vi
vo nc ma nngPhng php cho vi phn onCng on cho vi voTrung ha (pH =
7,2 7,5).Gia vi s b (pH = 6 6,4)Cho vi (pH = 7,6 8,2)Gia vi s b (pH
= 6,4 6,6)Trung ha (pH = 6,8 7,2)Gia vi s b (pH = 6,2 6,6).Dng vi s
dngSa viSa viSa viBng. Thng s cho vi vo trong 3 phng php lm schTc
dngTrung ha nc ma.To kt ta Ca3(PO4)2 hp th cc cht keo v cc cht khng
ng.Trung ha nc ma v ngng t keo trc khi un nng.Trao i to kt ta2K3PO4
+ 3Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6KOHK2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2KOHMgCl2 +
Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Mg(OH)2Trung ha nc ma.Lm ng t v kt t axit hu c v
keoLc p ln 1 d dngGim mu sc ca nc ma.Lng vi s dng( tn/ 1000 tn
ma)0,791,1517,3Lng vi trong nc ma trong( mg CaO/ l)449540892Nhn xt:
Lng vi dng trong phng php cacbonat ha nhiu :Gp 21 ln so vi phng php
vi.Gp 15 ln so vi phng php sunfit ha.Vi cho vo nc ma trong c 3 phng
php u di dng sa vi:To iu kin cho sa vi ha tan ng u trong nc ma, t ,
nng cao hiu qu lm sch.Vic khng ch lng vi vo d dng. II.1.Lng viPhng
php viHiu qu x l thp v qu trnh lm sch ch yu da vo vic to thnh
Ca3(PO4)3 kt ta m hm lng trong (PO4)3- nc ma rt thp.
ha tan ca cc loi vi khc nhauNhit 00C ha tan ca vi, CaO g/lVi
sngVi miVi
c1009080500.2490.3020.3661.3800.2300.2450.3050.8290.2010.2100.2780.132II.2.Cht
khng ngPhng php cho vi vo nc ma nng - Loi c nhiu cht keo, hiu qu lm
sch tt hn cho vi vo nc ma lnh, lng vi gim 15%. - Tc lng nhanh, dung
tch nc bn nh.
Phng php cho vi vo nc ma lnh - Hiu qu lm lnh thp do ha tan ca vi
mi trng lnh tng nhng khi gia nhit th ha tan ca vi gim dn n ng cn.
Dn n, s tng tc gia vi v nc ma khng hon ton nn kt ta to t. Nn hp th
cc cht khng ng, cht keo t.
II.2.Cht khng ng Phng php sunfit ha Hiu qu x l cao hn phng php
vi v qu trnh lm ngoi b sung vi cn b sung thm SO2, lng kt ta to ra
nhiu hn ( CaSO3 , Ca3(PO4)2) nn loi c nhiu cht khng ng, cht
keo,Nhng thp hn phng php cacbonat v ch li dng c mt im ngng t.
Phng php cho vi phn on Loi nhiu cht khng ng, loi cht keo cha Nit
> 80%, loi phn sp ma n 90%. Dn n, nc ma trong, nc bn d
lc.II.2.Cht khng ngPhng php cacbonat ha - Hiu qu lm sch tt nht. Loi
c nhiu cht keo, cht mu v cht v c (Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, SiO, P2O5 ) v
phng php ny c th li dng c hai im ngng t keo. - Hm lng mui canxi
trong nc ma trong t.Phng php sunfit acid - Hiu qu lm sch tt hn do c
s tham gia ca H3PO4 nn lm tng lng kt ta Ca3(PO4)2 hp th cht keo,
cht khng ng trong nc ma v to iu kin cho CaSO3 kt ta hon ton. - Tuy
nhin, nu cho hm lng H3PO4 qu nhiu th cht kt ta dng tng i xp, th tch
tng ln.II.2.Cht khng ngPhng php viPhng php sunfit haPhng php
cacbonat haLng vi dng (tn/1000 tn ma)Lng vi trong nc ma trong (mg
CaO/l)Hiu qu lm schCht khng ng trong nc ma trong .100cht khng ng
trong nc ma hn hp nc ma hn hp SiO2 nc ma trong nc ma hn hp cht v c
SO3 nc ma trong (kg/10000 nc ma hn hpKg, ma) P2O5 nc ma trong nc ma
hn hp CaO nc ma trong 0.79449
90.5
31.816.368.160.112.05.0_40.91.15540
92.4
14.59.362.864.224.32.114.436.417.1222
29.621.070.239.924.01.64.318.6Bng so snh hiu qu lm sch ca cc
phng phpNhn xt:Qua bng so snh hiu qu lm sch ca 3 phng php, ta thy:
Hiu qu lm sch ca phng php cacbonat l tt nht. Sau khi lm sch hm lng
cht khng ng, cht v c trong nc ma trong l thp nht. Hiu qu lm sch ca
phng php vi l thp nht. Tuy nhin, phng php sunfit ha c s dng rng ri
trong cc nh my sn xut ng nht.
II.2.Cht khng ng pH nh hng n lng ng thu hi.Khi nc ma mi trng
axit (pH< 7) s lm chuyn ho ng sacaroza v to thnh hn hp ng
glucoza v fructoza gi l phn ng nghch o:C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 +
C6H12O6 Tc chuyn ho tng theo s tng nng [H+] trong nc ma, nu nng H+
trong nc ma cng ln th tc chuyn ho cng nhanh dn n tn tht ng ln.
II.3. Tn tht ng trong qu trnh lm sch19 Mt khc, cc axit khc nhau
cng lm chuyn ho sacaroza vi tc khc nhauTn axitTc chuyn hoTn axitTc
chuyn hoHCl100,0Axit focmic1,53H2SO330,4Axit malic1.27
H3PO46,20Axit lactic1,07
Axit tactric3,08Axit axetic0,40
20 Trong mi trng kim nhit cao hoc nu kim m c khng cn nhit cao,
saccaroza cng b phn hu thnh aldehyt, axeton, axit hu c v cc tp cht
c mu vng nu. Mi trng c pH cng ln th saccaroza b phn hu cng nhiu.V
d: Khi un si trong 1 gi ,nu dung dch ng saccaroza c:pH = 8 - 9 th
saccaroza b phn hu 0,05%pH = 12 th saccaroza b phn hu 0,5%
II.3. Tn tht ng trong qu trnh lm schDi tc dng ca cc kim loi kim
th, dung dch ng bin thnh sacarat (mui ca n) Vd: ng saccaroza tc dng
vi hydroxytcanxi s to ra cc mui saccarat canxi theo phn
ng:C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 f C12H22O11.CaO + H2O(mnsacarat
canxi)C12H22O11 + 2Ca(OH)2 f C12H22O11.2CaO + 2H2O ( disacarat
canxi)C12H22O11 + 3Ca(OH)2 f C12H22O11.3CaO + 3H2O (trisacarat
canxi)phn ng phn hu v to sacarat gy nh hng xu n sn xut do lm tng tn
tht ng v nht ca dung dch.21Phng phpCngonGia viSunfit hoCacbonat
hoNc ma nngNc ma lnhPhn onAxitMt lnCh trung gianThng thngTrung
hopH=7.2-7.5pH=7.2-7.5pH= 7.6pH= 6.8-7.2pH=7.2-7.9Thng CO2,
SO2pH1=3.4-3.8pH2=6.2-6.6pH=7pH1=10.5-11pH2=7.8-8.5pH3=6-6.6pH1=10.5-11.3pH2
=7.8-8.2pH3 =6.8-7.2pH4= 6.2-6.6Nhit Khi nc ma c tnh acid (pH
=5-5,5) di tc dng ca nhit, ng saccaroza b chuyn ho tng tn tht ng.
ViLm tr phn ng acid ca nc ma v ngn nga s chuyn ho ng saccaroza. Tuy
nhin nu cho qu lng th s tc dng vi mt phn ng saccaroza lm tng tn tht
ng, tng nht do mui canxisacarat to nn.
II.3. Tn tht ng trong qu trnh lm schNhn xt: T cc yu t trn, c th
ni lng ng tn tht nhiu phng php:Cho vi vo nc ma nng, cho vi phn on
(mi trng nc ma duy tr pH < 7 nhit cao) Phng php sunfit ha (do
nng nhit ri mi trung ha, ngoi ra thng SO2 cng khng nh hng n s phn
hy saccaroza)
II.3. Tn tht ng trong qu trnh lm schPhng php viPhng php sunfit
haPhng php cacbonat hau imVn u t t Thit b, quy trnh cng ngh, qun l
iu hnh n gin.
Sn xut ng th
Vn u t t Thit b, quy trnh cng ngh, qun l iu hnh n gin.
Sn xut ra sn phm ng knh trng
Hiu sut thu hi caong cn thit b t nn gim lng tiu hao ho cht ra
thit b. Sn xut ra ng knh trng cht lng caoNhc imHiu sut thu hi sn
phm thp Sn xut ra sn phm ng vng- Sn phm ng kh bo qun, d ht m v bin
muQuy trnh cng ngh phc tp iu hnh, qun l kh.II.4. Quy m, thit b, chi
ph.III. BANH MOUSSE CHANH DY
III.1. NGUYN LIU ng: 80g Gelatine: 4 la Nc ct chanh dy: 180g
Whipping cream: 250ml
III.2. QUY TRINHWhipping creamNc ctchanh dyGelatine anh bngng
Ngm Lam nguiGia nhitHoa tanPhi trnRot khunLam lanhBanh mousseIII.3.
THUYT MINH QUY TRINH Ngm 2 l gelatine trong nc lnh cho mm. Sau vt
ra, cho vo 1 ci t.Chng cch thy hoc cho t vo l vi sng quay vi pht
gelatine tan ra. ngui.
Quy tan ng v nc ct chanh dy.
nh bng kem ti ri trn u vi nc chanh dy pha ng & gelatine.
III.3. THUYT MINH QUY TRINH Lt lp bnh bng lan vo khun ri, hn hp
kem ti - chanh dy ln, dn phng.
Cho khun mousse vo t lnh vi gi mousse ng li.
Ngm 2 l gelatine trong nc lnh cho mm. Chng cch thy hoc cho t vo
l vi sng quay vi pht gelatine tan ra. Quy tan ng v nc ct chanh dy.
Trn u vi gelatine tan chy. ngui. Ly khun mousse trong t lnh ra. hn
hp chanh dy - gelatine ln. Cho khun mousse vo t lnh n khi lp trn ng
hon tonIII.3. THUYT MINH QUY TRINH
IV. Ti liu tham khoThi Vn c, bi ging cng ngh sn xut ng maNguyn
Ng, Cng ngh ng ma, NXB Bch Khoa - H Ni, 2011.Trn Mnh Hng, gio trnh
cng ngh sn xut ng ma, NXB Nng Nghip, H Ni , nm 2000.
http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-cong-nghe-san-xuat-duong-mia-37646/http://staff.agu.edu.vn/vttdao/category/cong-nghe-san-xuat-duong-va-che-bien-banh-keo/tai-lieu-giang-day/
Thank you!!!
