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 1  HC VIN CÔNG NGHBƯU CHÍNH VIN THÔNG  --------------------------------------- ĐINH QUANG ĐỊNH NGHIÊN CU CÔNG NGHWEB 3.0  (SEMANTIC WEB) VÀ KHNĂNG TRIN KHAI ÁP DNG  Chuyên ngành: HTHNG THÔNG TIN  Mã s: 60.48.01.04  TÓM TT LUN VĂN THC SĨ HÀ NI –  NĂM 2013

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  • 1

    HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

    ---------------------------------------

    INH QUANG NH

    NGHIN CU CNG NGH WEB 3.0

    (SEMANTIC WEB)

    V KH NNG TRIN KHAI P DNG

    Chuyn ngnh: H THNG THNG TIN

    M s: 60.48.01.04

    TM TT LUN VN THC S

    H NI NM 2013

  • 2

    Lun vn c hon thnh ti:

    HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

    Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS.Hong Minh

    Phn bin 1:

    Phn bin 2: ..

    Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s ti Hc

    vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

    Vo lc: ....... gi ....... ngy ....... thng ....... .. nm ...............

    C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

    - Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

  • 3

    M U

    Trong nhng nm u thp k 90 ca th k trc, khi

    nim Web c a ra m t s pht trin ca mt h

    thng cc trang Web c xy dng trn c s m rng s

    tham gia ca cng ng. K t Web 1.0 ch l s xut bn

    thng tin mt chiu n Web 2.0 xut hin vo u nhng

    nm 2000 to ra mt khuynh hng mi vi s tham gia

    ca lc lng xy dng ni dung web khng chuyn ngy

    cng tng, dn n th loi Web ngy cng phong ph.

    Web 2.0 c nh du bng s ra i ca cc blogs, cc

    mng x hi (social network), cc trang web cho php ngi

    dng chia s ni dung nh Youtube. Facebook mng x hi

    ph bin nht hin nay trn th gii vi hn 1 t ngi s

    dng (s liu cng b ca Facebook ngy 4/10/2012) d mi

    ch ra i nm 2004, hn khng xa l vi rt nhiu ngi

    trong chng ta.

    Tuy nhn Web 2.0 cng xut hin mt s nhc im nh

    thng tin qu ti vi ngi dng, do ni dung c cung cp

    nhiu ngun hn so vi th h trc. Kt qu tm kim trn

    cc cng c search engine thng qu nhiu ni dung khng

    lin quan ti ch cn tm kim. Cc cng c (thit b, trnh

    duyt) vn hiu ni dung ch l cc chui byte 0101. D liu

    cc website vn c lp vi nhau...

    gii qut cc nhc im cc nh nghin cu ang

    xy dng mt th h Web mi, Web 3.0. Web 3.0 l mt tp

    hp cc cng ngh bao gm cc trang web ng ngha, d liu

    lin quan, x l ngn ng t nhin, tr thng minh nhn to,

    mashup, v cc API Vi th h mi, web c th hiu

    nhng g bn ang ngh.

    Vic tm hiu cng ngh Web 3.0 s gip cho chng ta c

    c c s l thuyt nh hng cho vic p dng cng

    ngh mi ny ti Vit nam.

    1. L do chn ti:

  • 4

    Web 3.0 s da trn phn cng ngh quan trng nht l

    Semantic Web v da trn mt s cng ngh Web khc. Web

    3.0 hin ang nhng bc s khai ban u c sng to v

    pht trin nhng thu ht s quan tm c bit cc nh

    nghin cu, cc t chc, cc cng ty, cng ng

    Xut pht t l do lun vn t vn nghin cu Web

    3.0 nhm ch ng nm bt c cng ngh Web mi v

    xut kh nng trin khai p dng ti Vit Nam.

    2. Mc ch, i tng v phm vi nghin cu:

    Mc ch ca ti: a ra c ci nhn khi qut vic

    trin khai m hnh Web3.0 trn th gii ng thi nh gi

    hin trng vic s dng Web 2.0 trong nc t a ra l

    trnh thc hin p dng cng ngh Web 3.0 ti Vit nam.

    i tng nghin cu:

    L thuyt m hnh kin trc Sematic Web, cc cng ngh

    v cc xu hng pht trin ca Web 3.0.Vic pht trin v

    trin khai Web 3.0 trn th gii v nh gi gi hin trng

    vic s dng Web ti Vit nam .

    Phm vi nghin cu:

    Nghin cu l thuyt v cc cng ngh h tr v pht trin

    cho Web 3.0 thay th cho Web 2.0 ti Vit nam.

    Phng php nghin cu

    Cc ti liu lin quan n cng ngh Web 3.0 v cc trang

    Web ca W3C v cc bi bo chuyn lin quan n cng

    ngh ny.

    B cc ca lun vn: gm 3 chng v phn m u,

    phn kt lun kin ngh:

    Phn m u nu c s ra i pht trin ca cc th h

    Web t 1.0 n 2.0 ng thi cng nh gi c nhng

    khuyt im hin nay ca Web 2.0 nhm nu bt c ngha

    s cp bch ca vic p dng thay th bng Web 3.0 trn th

    gii v ti Vit nam.

    Chng 1: Nghin cu tng quan v cc cng ngh Web.

  • 5

    Chng 2: Ngin cu cc cng ngh v v xu hng pht

    trin Web 3.0.

    Chng 3: Khuyn ngh xut kh nng trin khai p

    dng ti Vit nam.

    Phn kt lun v kin ngh: a ra mt s vn tn ti

    cn gii quyt v hng nghin cu tip theo ca ti.

    Kt qu ca lun vn nghin cu, tm hiu k lng v

    cc cng ngh, cc cng c pht trin ca Web 3.0. Vic trin

    khai n trn th gii ng thi nh gi thc trng cng ngh

    Web 2.0 ang s dng trong nc dn n vic a ra c

    khuyn ngh vic trin khai v p dng ti Vit nam

  • 6

    CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH WEB

    Chng 1 gii thiu tng quan v lch s pht trin ca

    cc cng ngh Web gip chng ta c ci nhn tng th v s

    ra i v pht trin ca tng th h Web.

    Qua chng cng nh gi c nhng u v

    nhc im ca cc cng ngh Web 1.0, Web 2.0 dn n s

    cn thit phi nghin cu pht trin th h Web mi Web 3.0.

    Phn 1.1 Nhn li lch s pht trin cc cng ngh Web.

    Phn 1.2, Gii thiu tng quan v cc c tnh ca Web3.0.

    Phn kt lun ca chng c nu trong mc 1.3.

    1.1. Lch s pht trin cng ngh Web

    WWW c ngh ln u tin vo nhng nm 1990

    bi Tim Berners-Lee v Robert Cailliau khi hai ng lm vic

    ti CERN Geneva, Thy S.

    Kiu Web m trong tc nhn ngi s dng m

    phng theo phn ng ca con ngi, c th c v hiu thng

    tin s dng tr tu nhn to c gi l Web ng ngha.

    1.1.1. Web 1.0

    Th h u tin ca Web c gi l Web 1.0 hoc

    n gin l Web. Web 1.0 cn c cc tn gi khc l Read

    Web, Old Web hoc Static Web. Web 1.0 ch yu l

    mi trng xut bn thng tin mt chiu.

    Hnh 1.1. Kin trc Web 1.0 in hnh

    Cc c tnh ca Web 1.0 c th c tng kt nh

    sau:

  • 7

    Trong Web 1.0, Webmaster l ngi chu trch nhim qun l ni dung v duy tr cp nht cho ngi s

    dng.

    Web 1.0 khng h tr xut bn thng tin rng ri

    . Web 1.0 s dng ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c bn xut bn ni dung trn Internet;

    Web 1.0 khng h tr ni dung c th c bi my. Ch ngi c Web c th hiu c ni dung;

    Web 1.0 Ngi s dng vn phi s dng cc cng c khng trc tuyn khc truyn thng vi thng tin lin

    lc ny;

    Trong Web 1.0, cc trang Web c thit k phn ng theo bn nng da trn iu kin c lp trnh.

    1.1.2. Web 2.0

    Thut ng Web 2.0 c chnh thc nh ngha vo

    nm 2004 bi Dale Dougherty, ph ch tch ca OReilly

    Media, trong hi ngh t chc bi OReilly v MediaLive

    International. Tim OReilly nh ngha Web 2.0 nh sau:

    Mi th trn Web c gn th (tag), gip cho vic

    iu hng nhanh v d dng hn. Ngc vi Web 1.0, Web

    2.0 c tr tu tp th ca hng triu ngi s dng.

    Hnh 1.2 Kin trc Web 2.0 in hnh

    Cc c tnh ca Web 2.0 c th tng kt nh sau:

    Web 2.0 l phin bn th hai ca Web cung cp ng dng Internet giu c RIA

  • 8

    Kin trc hng dch v SOA l phn c bn trong Web 2.0.

    Web 2.0 l Web x hi. ng dng Web 2.0 hng ti tng tc nhiu hn vi ngi s dng u cui.

    Trong thut ng v chin lc Web 2.0 th Web l mi trng m.

    Trong Web 2.0, d liu l ng lc. Mt trong nhng cng ngh quan trng l AJAX, cng ngh ny h tr

    s pht trin kinh nghim ca ngi s dng tim nng.

    Cc cng ngh v dch v chnh ca Web 2.0 bao gm cc blog, t chc cung cp n gin thc s RSS, wiki,

    mashup, tag, folksonomy v cc m my gn th.

    Nh vy, Web 2.0 l phin bn ci tin ca World

    Wide Web, Web 2.0 vn cn tn ti nhiu hn ch, c th

    tng kt nh sau [9, 10]:

    Cc hn ch ca ngn ng HTML

    Cc ng dng c pht trin tp trung vo s tin nghi cho con ngi, do lm cho vic c gii ha cc nhim

    v tr nn phc tp.

    Vic truy nhp ti hu ht thng tin l min ph v phn mm l m, dn ti cc dch v phi ng u vi cc

    thch thc v li nhun.

    Thiu cc Web server thng minh trnh hin tng tc nghn nt c chai (bottle-neck)

    Thiu cc phng php v m hnh ha h tr vic thit k RIA UI, khng h tr s tng thch ng ngha

    t UI ca Web 1.0 ti UI ca Web 2.0.

    Thiu t chc thm quyn trung tm thc hin vic t chc v tiu chun ha phng thc m Web c qun l.

    Cc thch thc v an ninh v bo mt do s phi by thng tin c nhn/t chc trn Web 2.0.

    Cung cp cc kh nng truy vn ti: thiu s biu din d liu tng qut.

  • 9

    Qu ti thng tin: Qu ti thng tin phn tn vi cht lng khng ng tin cy c xem l vn nghim

    trng.

    Chu k lp li khng i ca vic thay i v nng cp cc dch v.

    Cc vn nguyn tc trong vic xy dng v s dng Web 2.0: Cc cng ngh v cc dch v mi ca Web

    2.0 bt u cho thy s hn ch theo thut ng s ring t v

    bn quyn.

    Vn lin kt ni: S lin kt ni v kin thc chia s gia cc nn tng (platform) qua cc ranh gii gia

    cng ng vn cn b hn ch.

    S khng hiu qu ca cc h thng chia s thng tin trong cc ng dng Web.

    S tin cy ca cc Website v cc ni dung bn trong chng:

    Truy nhp ton cu: Mt thch thc m Web 2.0 phi ng u l m bo rng tt c cc nh pht trin Web

    v cc nh thit k Web tun theo mt nguyn tc truy nhp

    trong vic cung cp s m t, ti u ha vic truy nhp ti tt

    c ngi s dng Web, c bit l nhng ngi khuyt tt.

    1.1.3. Web th h k tip

    tng chnh ca cng ngh Web 3.0 th h k tip l

    to ra ni dung Web bng cch khng s dng ngn ng t

    nhin m dng tp lnh (script) c th hiu c v phn

    on c bi cc agent phn mm cho php chng tm

    kim, chia s hoc tch hp thng tin d dng hn v hiu qu

    hn, hng ti cc ng dng thng minh. Mc ch ch yu

    ca cng ngh Web 3.0 l h tr ngi s dng ng gp

    thng tin theo cc phng thc m my tnh c th hiu c,

    x l v trao i.

  • 10

    1.2. T ng uan v c ng ngh W 3.0

    1. .1. i i thi

    Thut ng Web 3.0 ln u tin c ngh bi

    John Markoff trn thi bo New York Times vo nm 2006

    [15, 19], v ln u tin xut hin ni bt vo u nm 2006

    trong bi bo Blog Critical of Web 2.0 and associated

    technologies such as Ajax vit bi Jeffrey Zeldman.

    u tin phi k n quan im: Web 3.0 l s chuyn i

    Web thnh c s d liu.

    Quan im th hai nhn mnh Web 3.0 vi s pht trin

    hng ti tr tu nhn to.

    Quan im th ba cho rng Web 3.0 thc hin Web ng

    ngha v kin trc hng dch v SOA.

    V mt quan im khc l Web 3.0 l s pht trin

    hng n 3D.

    Ngoi ra, cn tn ti mt s nh ngha m rng c

    ngh i vi Web 3.0 khc bao gm:

    Kt ni ton cu

    Tnh ton mng

    Cc cng ngh m

    Nhn dng m

    Web thng minh

    1. . . Tng q an Web 3.0

    Web 3.0, ngoi vic c mt s tnh nng bao gm tnh

    nng ca Web 2.0, s c mt s mc tiu chnh l: tm kim

    thng tin, tm kim hiu lc, v tm kim gii tr. Vic tm

    kim thng tin s gn hn trong Web 3.0.

    Gii tr, xu hng ph bin nht ca Web 2.0, s tin

    tin hn trong Web 3.0, bi v n da trn vic la chn ca

    c nhn.

    Sc mnh thc s ca Web 3.0 s l vic to ra d

    liu v truyn ti n hiu qu. Web 3.0 s s dng cc cng

    ngh my tnh v Internet khc nhau h tr sau y:

    Tr tu nhn to

    Suy din t ng

    Kin trc nhn thc

    Cc ng dng tng hp

    Tnh ton phn tn

    Biu din tri thc

  • 11

    Ontology

    Vn bn t hp

    Vector ha

    Web ng ngha

    Wiki ng ngha

    Cc agent phn mm

    1. .3. Cc c tnh ca Web 3.0

    c tnh thng minh

    c tnh c nh n ha

    c tnh hin th

    1. .4. Cc x h ng cng ngh i v i Web 3.0

    Hnh 1.5. S pht trin cng ngh Web 3.0

    Cc xu hng ni bt ca Web 3.0 c th k n l Web

    ng ngha, Web 3D, Web mng x hi, Web tp trung d liu

    a phng tin, v Web ton cu.

    1.3. Kt lun chng

    Chng u ca lun vn khi qut ton b lch s ca

    cc cng ngh Web. u nhng nm ca thp k 90 ca th

    k trc Web 1.0 ra i, vo tha s khai n ch l dng

    thng tin mt chiu trn Internet. Ngi s dng ch c th

    c cc thng tin c trn .

    Web 2.0 xut hin vo u nhng nm 2000 ngi s dng

    c th truyn thng vi nhau. Web 2.0 l phin bn th hai

    ca Web cung cp ng dng Internet giu c RIA vi kin

    trc hng dch v SOA l phn c bn trong Web 2.0 ng

    thi n c nh du bng s ra i ca cc blogs, cc mng

    x hi (social network), cc trang Web cho php ngi dng

    chia s ni dung nh Youtube, Facebook. Tuy nhin Web 2.0

  • 12

    cng xut hin mt s nhc im nh tc gi nh gi

    trong phn m u Web 2.0 cng xut hin mt s nhc

    im nh thng tin qu ti vi ngi dng, do ni dung c

    cung cp nhiu ngun hn so vi th h trc. Kt qu tm

    kim trn cc cng c search engine thng qu nhiu ni

    dung khng lin quan ti ch cn tm kim. Cc cng c

    (thit b, trnh duyt) vn hiu ni dung ch l cc chui byte

    0101. D liu cc website vn c lp vi nhau... .

    Web 3.0 ang c nghin cu v trin khai khc phc

    nhng nhc im ca Web 2,0. Vi tng l to ra ni

    dung Web bng cch khng s dng ngn ng t nhin m

    dng tp lnh (script) c th hiu c v phn on c bi

    cc agent phn mm cho php chng tm kim, chia s

    hoc tch hp thng tin d dng hn v hiu qu hn, hng

    ti cc ng dng thng minh. Cc c tnh ch yu ca Web

    3.0 nh c tnh thng minh, c tnh c nhn ha v hin th

    u s c cc nh nghin cu tch hp trong cng c pht

    trin ca Web 3.0.

  • 13

    CHNG 2: NGHIN CU CC CNG NGH

    V XU HNG PHT TRIN CA WEB 3.0

    Chng 2: Tp trung vo nghin cu l thuyt v cc cng

    ngh Web 3.0 hay Web ng ngha (Semantic Web).

    Phn u ca chng s gii thiu kin trc by lp c

    thit k bi Tim Berners-Lee trong tp chung ph n tch k

    cc lp c bn lp 2, lp 3 v 4.

    Phn 2.2 ca chng a ra nhng nh gi v xu hng

    pht trin ca cc cng ngh Web 3.0.

    Phn kt lun ca chng c nu trong mc 2.3.

    2.1. Cc cng ngh s dng trong Web 3.0

    .1.1 i i thi

    Cng ngh Web ng ngha (Semantic Web) c cp

    trong bi bo tm nhn ca Tim Berners-Lee v Web nh l

    mi trng ton cu trao i d liu, thng tin v kin

    thc. Web ng ngha khuyn khch ngi s dng xut bn v

    chia s d liu ca mnh v b sung cc lin kt ti d liu

    khc.

    Mt s u im ca vic t c mc tiu ny bao gm:

    Kh nng xc nh thng tin da trn ngha ca n, v d bit khi no hai cu l tng ng, hoc bit rng mt

    tham chiu ti mt ngi cc trang Web khc nhau l ang

    cp ti cng mt c nhn;

    Tch hp thng tin qua cc ngun khc nhau bng cch to ra cc nh x qua ng dng v cc gii hn thut ng

    chng ta c th m t cc khi nim ng nht v lin quan;

    Ci tin phng thc thng tin c biu din ti ngi s dng, v d nh tp hp thng tin t cc ngun khc

    nhau, loi b s trng lp, v tng kt d liu.

  • 14

    .1. . Kin trc ca Web ng ngha

    Hnh 2.2. Kin trc ca Web ng ngha

    Kin trc ca Web ng ngha c thit k bi Tim

    Berners-Lee, v c chp nhn bi W3C, c m t trn

    Hnh 2.2. C by lp trong kin trc ca Web ng ngha,

    trong lp th hai, lp th ba v lp th t l nhng lp c

    bn ca Web ng ngha.

    .1.3. D li c lin kt v d li m

    2.1.3.1. nh ngha d liu m c lin kt

    D liu c lin kt l kt qu ca mt n lc cng

    ng. D n D liu M Lin kt c thc hin bi W3C

    nhm mc ch tng lng Web c d liu c lin kt bng

    cch xut bn cc tp d liu m khc nhau dng RDF trn

    Web v kt ni chng ti cc ngun d liu khc nhau.

    2.1.3.2. Cc nguyn l c n ca d liu c lin

    kt

    D liu c lin kt s dng URI lin kt ti mt

    i tng d liu hn l mt ti liu. Tim Berners-Lee, ngi

    pht minh ra d liu c lin kt, a ra bn nguyn l

    ca d liu c lin kt:

    S dng URI m t mi th biu din trn Web nh cc ngun ti nguyn;

  • 15

    S dng cc HTTP URIs, v vy ngi s dng c th tm kim cc tn ny, c th xc nh i tng c th;

    Khi ngi s dng tm kim URI, cung cp thng tin hu ch, s dng tiu chun RDF;

    Bao gm lin kt ti cc URI khc, ngi s dng c th khm ph nhiu thng tin hn.

    D liu c lin kt tt nn gm cc c im sau

    [43]:

    C l u im quan trng nht ca d liu c lin kt l thun tin v n gin. Vi bn nguyn l hot ng

    trn, d liu c lin kt c th d dng c hnh thnh v

    ngay lp tc c p dng;

    Bi v d liu c lin kt s dng khun dng RDF, d liu c cu trc v d liu khng c cu trc c th

    p dng c nh nhau;

    D liu c lin kt c th kt ni tt c d liu ring l;

    Linh hot v d dng nng cp;

    Truy nhp, phn tch v thao tc d liu c th thc hin bi ngi s dng.

    .1.4. X t bn d li c lin kt trn Web

    D liu c lin kt s dng URI t tn cc i

    tng trn th gii, cc ngun ti nguyn ny khng phi l

    cc ngun ti nguyn thng tin. File ngun ti nguyn thng

    tin tng qut c hai loi: nu yu cu n t cc trnh duyt

    (trong tiu bao gm yu cu text/html), chng ta tr v file

    HTML. Nu yu cu l ng dng/rdf+xml, chng ta tr v file

    RDF.

    .1.5. Cc cng ngh Web 3D

    2.1.5.1. Gii thiu

    Hin nay c cng ngh phn cng v phn mm h

    tr vic hin th ha 3D thc u ang pht trin. Cng

    ngh Web 3D thng gn vi thut ng cng ngh thc t

    o VR.

  • 16

    2.1.5.2. VRML

    2.1.5.3. X3D

    2.1.5.4. DMLW

    2.1.5.5. XML3D

    2.1.5.6. WebGL

    2.1.5.7. O3D

    2.1.5.8. U3D

    2.1.5.9. COLLADA

    2.1.6. Cc cng ngh Media-Centric Web

    Media-Centric Web l cng ngh Web trong media l

    thnh phn c bn. Media-Centric Web c th c h tr

    pht trin bi cc cng ngh sau:

    Cng ngh chuyn i ting ni thnh vn bn (voice-to-text) s l thnh phn quan trng ca Media-Centric

    Web.

    Cc giao din da trn cc chuyn ng s tr nn quan trng trong vic tnh ton v Web tp trung vo media.

    2.2. Cc u hng pht t in ca W 3.0

    2.2.1 Ubiquitous Web

    2.2.2. Soccial Semantic Web

    2.2.2.1. Tng quan v Social web

    2.2.2.2. Cu ni cc cng ngh web Semantic v Social

    Web

    2.2.2.3. M hnh ha ngi dng trong Social Semantic

    Web 2.2.2.4. Gim st truy nhp trong Social Semantic Web

    2.2.2.5. Ti pht hnh d liu

    2.2.2.6. Nhng vn lin quan n bo mt

    2.2.3. Web 3D

    Tri qua qung thi gian di pht trin v khng ngng

    hon thin. gi y 3D chinh phc rt nhiu lnh vc v

    ang to nn mt cuc cch mng cng ngh mi.

    Chnh v vy m thng tin sn phm nhn c t

    Web3D l rt ln.

  • 17

    2.3. Kt lun chng

    Ni dung ca chng 2 i su vo cc cng ngh ca

    Web 3.0 cng nh tng bc miu t kin trc by lp ca

    m hnh Tim Berners-Lee. Cc khi nim mi nh d liu

    c lin kt (Linked Data) v Sematic Web cng c nu

    r trong chng ny. D liu c lin kt s dng URI

    lin kt ti mt i tng d liu hn l mt ti liu. i

    tng d liu c m t bi RDF (m bo d liu c ng

    ngha), v file RDF nn gm nhiu hn cc ngun ti nguyn

    khc c nh du bi URI. Vic xut bn trn Web da vo

    File ngun ti nguyn thng tin tng qut c hai loi: nu yu

    cu n t cc trnh duyt (trong tiu bao gm yu cu

    text/html), chng ta tr v file HTML. Cc cng ngh nh

    Ubiquitous Web, Media-Centric Web, Social Web, Web 3D

    c phn tch nh gi c th trong chng ny.

    Trn nn l thuyt ca phn u, phn cui ca chng

    tng hp, phn tch nh gi kh nng v xu hng pht trin

    ca cc cng ngh Web 3.0 trn th gii lm tin cho

    chng tip theo.

  • 18

    CHNG 3: KHU N NGH XU T V KH

    NNG TRIN KHAI P DNG CNG NGH WEB 3.0

    TI VIT NAM

    Chng 3 Trn quan im cch tip cn ca cng ngh

    Vin thng v Cng ngh Thng tin ni dung chng c

    cch nhn tng th nh gi vic tip cn cng ngh ca cc

    Cng ty ln trn th gii t nh gi tnh hnh s dng

    Web 2.0 ti Vit nam nhm a ra khuyn ngh trin khai

    Web 3.0 ti Vit nam.

    Phn 3.1 Ph n tch tnh hnh trin khai Web 3.0 trn th

    gii t nhn li vic s dng cng ngh Web 2.0 ti Vit

    nam phn 3.2. Cch tip cn s c ph n tch trong phn

    3.3. Phn 3.4 l phn quan trng ca lun vn khuyn ngh

    trin khai Web 3.0 ti Vit nam. Phn 3.5 Kt lun ca

    chng.

    3.1. Tnh hnh trin khai trn th gii

    Bn cnh s pht trin ca cng ngh vin thng,

    cng ngh thng tin ni chung, cng ngh Web cng c

    nhng bc pht tin vt bc trong thi gian va qua,

    mang li rt nhiu li ch khng ch i vi ngi cung cp

    dch v m cn i vi nhng ngi s dng dch v.

    Th h Web k tip n nhn s gia nhp ca cc thit

    b c nhn khc vo Web ngoi computer,

    Nn kinh t pht trin, chng ta ang sng trong mt

    th gii phng. Lng ngi tham gia vo Intemet s ch c

    tng ch khng h gim.

    C th k ra mt vi lnh vc p dng cng ngh

    Semantic Web thnh cng nh: H thng lc nh Kodak, Ch

    to thuc Eli Lilly...

    Web 3.0 c cu trc phc tp hn, bao gm nhng

    cng ngh mnh hn qua cng yu cu nhiu dung lng

    mng hn, cng ngh truyn ti cng phi mnh m v ti u

  • 19

    ha hn, y cng c th coi l nn tng v yu cu thit yu

    cho s pht trin ca Web 3.0.

    3.2. Tnh hnh pht trin Web 2.0 ti Vit Nam v nhng

    vn cn gii quyt

    Web 2.0 c dng rng ri ti Vit Nam,cc trong

    mng x hi nh Facebook, chia s hnh nh nh Flick, tm

    kim bng Google, chia s video bng Youtube, nh ngha

    Wikipedia. Bn cnh cng c nhng ng dng c th coi l

    "c Vit ha" ca nhng ng dng trn, nh cc mng x

    hi vi cc trang web tiu biu nh Yobanbe, Cyworld,

    Faceviet, . . . ; lnh vc tm kim vi cc trang web tiu biu

    nh Baamboo, Tim nhanh, Zing Search,..; mng dch v gii

    tr vi cc trang xem video, nghe nhc v cc dch v khc

    nh Clip vn, Yeuamnhac.com, Mp3zing, . . .; lnh vc lu a

    ch trang web, hay cn gi l Bookmark vi cc trang web

    tiu biu nh Lin khay.com, Tagvn.com, Vietkicks.com,...T

    c th thy c qu trnh p dng trin khai cc ng dng

    dch v trn nn tng cng ngh Web 2.0 t c nhng

    thnh cng bc u ti Vit Nam.

    Tuy nhin c mt cu hi t ra l ti sao s lng

    ngi s dng nhng ng dng "Vit ha" ni trn ti Vit

    Nam t hn s lng ngi s dng nhng trang tng t

    nhng "khng c Vit ha

    C th a ra mt vi l do d nhn thy l gii

    nhng thc mc trn.

    Th nht giao din ca nhng ng dng Web Vit

    Nam khng tht s thn thin v to c s tin dng vi

    ngi dng.

    Th hai, tnh bo mt nhng trang web hoc mng

    x hi Vit Nam cha cao.

    Cui cng, chng ta thng gp trng hp ti v

    hoc ng mt bc nh hoc video ln nhng trang mng ca

    Vit Nam chm hn nhng trang mng ca quc t mc d

    khong cch a l l rt khc nhau.

  • 20

    Vit Nam ang trn con ng hi nhp v pht trin

    cng vi nn cng ngh thng tin trn th gii. Bn cnh

    nhng cng ngh khc th Web 2.0 l lnh vc gt hi c

    nhiu thnh cng cng nh rt gn gi trong i sng.

    Web khng ch ph thuc v sn sng ca my ch

    m cn ph thuc vo cht lng ca ng truyn.

    Tuy nhin qu trnh p dng trin khai s mang c

    trng ca Vit Nam.

    3.3. Xu hng tip cn Web 3.0 ti Vit Nam

    c c v khai thc trit nhng li ch nu trn

    do Semantic Web mang li v c th trin khai ng dng ti

    Vit Nam ng thi mang li li ch cho cng ng khng ch

    cng ng mng m cn l cng ng x hi. Thi im hin

    ti chng ta ang k tha mt khi lng d liu khng l qua

    giai on pht trin vt bc ca th h Web 2.0, y l iu

    kin cn c th trin khai Web 3.0. Tuy nhin iu kin

    c th trin khai l d liu ca chng ta phi c cng

    mt khun dng chung cho php chia s v ti s dng qua

    cc ng dng.

    Bn cnh vic xy dng d liu theo cu trc chun,

    cn cn phi xy dng cc ontology i din cho cc vng

    min d liu theo tng linh vc.

    trin khai Web 3.O.ti Vit Nam chng ta cng c

    th thc hin mt giai on trung gian nh tip cn phng

    php Data mining.

    Cng ngh Web 3D s l mt cng ngh ha h n

    cho nhiu ng dng cung cp dch v trong tng li ti

    Vit nam nh dch v cung cp thng tin thc v sn phm

    tm kim, dch v du lch trc tuyn ... Tiu biu c th nhc

    n l trang web www hello3dworld.com (do Cng ty C

    phn Phc L Gia (PLG) pht trin). Sau mt nm ra mt

    (8/2010), n nay, PLG xy dng thnh cng sn giao dch

    thng mi in t B2C di hnh thc t chc hi ch trin

    lm trc tuyn.

  • 21

    3.4. Khuyn ngh nghin cu, trin khai, p dng Web 3.0

    (Semantic Web) ti Vit Nam

    Mc d cc cng ngh Semantic Web bc u

    c s dng, tuy nhin chng s khng c tip nhn rng

    ri cho n khi cc cng c tr nn hon thin v cc vn

    kinh doanh c gii quyt. Hn na, vic pht trin cc

    ontology c th yu cu s u t ng k. Do , v kh

    nng bc u ng dng cng ngh Semantic Web Vit

    Nam, chng ti khuyn ngh nh sau:

    3.4.1. i v i nh h ng cc hot ng nghin c pht

    trin

    Cn tip tc nghin c s pht trin ca cc cng c Semantic Web v s ch n ha Web ng ngha.

    Nm bt cc ng ngha trong mt ontology.

    M hnh ha d li da trn th gi i thc.

    To ra nhi giao din t i d li ..

    t vo vic nghin c cc thc t tt nht v Semantic Web v cc m thit k.

    Kh yn khch cc hot ng nghin c R&D trong cc lnh vc Web ng ngha.

    3.4. . i v i vic o to tm hi thng tin v cc cng

    ngh Semantic Webti Vit Nam, chng ti kh yn ngh v

    cc ng n ti li tham chi nh sa :

    + Cc cng c pht trin Web ng ngha: C mt

    s danh sch trn Web a ra tng quan ton din v cc cng

    c kh dng khc nhau. Trang Web c th tham kho l trang

    Wiki trn W3C ESW c duy tr bi .W3C ESW cng nh

    nhiu cng ng.

    + Danh sch cc sch c tng hp trang Wiki ca

    W3C, bao gm hn 40 quyn sch v Semantic Webc

    xut bn bi cc nh xut bn uy tn nh OReilly, MIT Press,

    Cambride University Press, Springer Verlag

  • 22

    + Cc bi bo/xut bn v Semantic Webc th tham

    kho cc ngun sau:

    * International Semantic Web Conference " series l

    s kin hng nm xut bn cc bi vit bi nh xut bn

    Springer. Trong khi cc hi ngh ny thng lu hnh trn

    ton cu, "European Semantic Web Conference" v "Asian

    Semantic Web Conference" series c t chc Chu u v

    Chu .

    * Intemational World Wide Web Conference " l hi

    ngh hng nm v cc cng ngh World Wide Web ni chung,

    trong lun c mt mng quan trng v Semantic Webcho

    c nhng nh hc thut v cc cng ng pht trin Web. C

    th tham kho trang ca cng ng t chc... bit thm chi

    tit v cc hi ngh ny v cc lin kt ti cc bi vit.

    * Hi ngh Semantic Technologies hng nm tr thnh

    s kin quan trng. Hi ngh ny t tp trung vo cc kha cnh

    nghin cu v Web ng ngha, m tp trung vo cc kha cnh

    kinh doanh, cng nghip, s pht trin v cc ng dng mi.

    + Tm kim cc ontology, cc thut ng hay cc tp d

    liu cho cc ng dng: C mt s portal thu thp thng tin v

    cc ontology hin ti. V d in hnh l Schemaweb. V d

    khc l dch v "Pingthesemanticweb" thu thp thng tin v

    cc ti liu RDF mi trn Web da trn lnh "pings c gn

    bi cc ng dng to ra d liu v da trn cc lin'kt pht

    hin t ng RDF c tm thy bi nhng ngi duyt Web.

    Cng c cc engine tm kim khc nh Falcon, Sindice hoc

    Watson,... chuyn v tm kim cc ti liu Web ng ngha.

    + Cng ng nhng nh pht trin Semantic Web

    chng ta c th tham gia: Nhm W3C Semantic Web Interest

    Group l mt trong nhng nhm tt nht tham gia trc

    tin. ng thi cng.c nhiu cng ng khc tp trung vo

    cc lnh vc hoc mc ch c th v Web ng ngha, gm:

    * DOAP: D n m t thng tin v cc d n phn

    mm ngun m.

  • 23

    * FOAF: D n m t thng tin v con ngi v cc

    mi quan h x hi.

    * SIOC: D n m t thng tin v cc trang cng ng

    trc tuyn cc blog, bulletin board,... v s dng thng tin ny

    kt ni cc a ch ny vi nhau.

    * Linking Open Da ta v Web ng ngha: l d n c

    mc ch l lm cho cc ngun d liu m khc nhau kh

    dng trn Web dng RDF v thit lp cc lin kt RDF gia

    cc hng mc d liu t cc ngun d liu khc nhau.

    * Planetrdf Blog aggregator tp hp cc blog ca mt

    s nh pht trin Semantic Webtch cc trn ton th gii.

    3.4.3. Kh yn ngh v chnh sch pht trin v ng dng

    trin khai

    Xt v kha cnh qun l, nh hng pht trin v

    ng dng trin khai, cng ngh web 3.0 v Schematic Web

    hin nay l mt xu hng pht trin tip theo ca cng ngh

    web; l mt xu hng cng ngh c pht trin nhm p

    ng cc nhu cu ngy cng gia tng trong x hi v cc hnh

    thc trao i thng tin, tm kim v chia s thng tin, phc v

    nhu cu c nhn, cng ng trong mi mt hot ng ca i

    sng kinh t x hi ca mt quc gia. Tuy nhin cng cn

    phi nhn thc rng, gia vic p ng nhu cu thc t v kh

    nng p ng ca cng ngh v cc iu kin c th ca Vit

    Nam cn l mt thch thc rt ln. N i hi phi c nhng

    chnh sch pht trin v ng dng trin khai theo cch tip cn

    hp l v mt l trnh trnh. Mt s nh hng tip cn ph

    hp c th l:

    V nghin c pht trin: Cn khuyn khch pht trin i ng cn b nghin cu chuyn su v chuyn 'nghip

    v cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web.

    V mt o to: Tin hnh a cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web nh l mn hc trong qu trnh o to,

  • 24

    ging dy cc trng i hc, v cc chng trnh nghin

    cu cao hc.

    Pht trin c s h tng mng tr yn ti thng tin: y l iu kin quan trng, lm c s h tng ng dng

    cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web trong tng lai.

    Xy dng v ch n ha cc loi hnh c s d li tp tr ng v phn tn, xy.dng chnh sch chia s d

    li : C th ni, cc c s d liu l tin v cng l cc i

    tng hng ti ca cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web

    trong vic ng dng v trin khai cc loi hnh dch v.

    Cn c nhng nh h ng v l trnh hp l v ng dng trin khai Web 3. 0 v Semantic Web ti Vit

    Nam: Vic xy dng cc nh hng v l trnh ng dng

    cng ngh Web 3.0 v Schematic Web cn bm st xu hng

    ca th gii v mc pht trin, chn mui cng ngh

    ny c th ng dng trin khai trn thc t.

    V mt nh hng chung, vic ng dng cng ngh Web

    3.0 v Semantic Web cn c cp n v bao hm trong

    nh hng pht trin ng dng cc cng ngh thng tin tin

    tin, hin i theo " nh hng Chin lc pht trin Cng

    ngh thng tin v Truyn thng Vit Nam giai on 2011

    2020.

    2.3. Kt lun chng

    Ni dung ca chng 3 ngoi vic khi qut tnh hnh

    trin khai tip cn Web 3.0 trn th gii cng nh gi

    c tnh hnh pht trin Web 2.0 ti Vit nam bc u

    t nhng thng li. Tuy nhin vic s dng cc trang Web

    trong nc t hn nhiu so vi nhng trang nc ngoi do cc

    nguyn nhn nh giao din khng thn thin, bo mt cha

    cao v tc chm l cc l do chnh. T nhng nh gi

    chng ta cn phi hi t c iu kin cn v ng thi gii

    qut cc kh khn nh xy dng d liu theo cu trc chun,

  • 25

    xy dng cc ontology i din cho cc vng min d liu

    theo tng linh vc

    Phn ni dung quan trng nht ca chng v cng l ca

    lun vn ny l a ra c khuyn ngh trin khai p dng

    ti Vit nam cng vi cc nh hng v khuyn ngh c th

    bao gm nh hng cc hot ng nghin cu pht trin,

    khuyn nghi i vi vic o to tm hiu thng tin v cc

    cng ngh Semantic Web3.0 v nh hng v chnh sch

    pht trin v ng dng trin khai ti Vit nam. .

  • 26

    K T LUN V HNG

    NGHIN CU TI P THEO

    1. Kt lun

    Web 3.0 chnh l tng lai m cc t chc, cc cng ty,

    cng ng mun hng n, Web 3.0 s gip cho vic s

    dng internet d dng v tin ch hn. Lun vn tng bc

    i t l thuyt t kin trc cc lp, n xu hng pht trin

    cc cng ngh Web 3.0 t phn tch nh gi hin trng

    tnh hnh, cc kh khn, vng mc cn gii quyt khi trin

    khai trong nc. Vi cc khuyn ngh, nh hng r rng i

    km mt l trnh trin khai hp l c th hy vng rng tng

    lai thc s ca Web3.0 ti Vit nam s ngy cng tt p v

    vt xa hn nhiu nhng g c d on.

    2. Hng nghin cu tip theo

    Hc vin s tip tc nghin cu, cp nht cc cng c

    pht trin h tr ca Web 3.0, trin khai th nghim vi mc

    tiu a Web 3.0 vo thc t cuc sng theo ng nh hng

    chung pht trin ng dng cc Cng ngh Thng tin tin tin

    v hin i.