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1
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
---------------------------------------
INH QUANG NH
NGHIN CU CNG NGH WEB 3.0
(SEMANTIC WEB)
V KH NNG TRIN KHAI P DNG
Chuyn ngnh: H THNG THNG TIN
M s: 60.48.01.04
TM TT LUN VN THC S
H NI NM 2013
2
Lun vn c hon thnh ti:
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS.Hong Minh
Phn bin 1:
Phn bin 2: ..
Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s ti Hc
vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Vo lc: ....... gi ....... ngy ....... thng ....... .. nm ...............
C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
3
M U
Trong nhng nm u thp k 90 ca th k trc, khi
nim Web c a ra m t s pht trin ca mt h
thng cc trang Web c xy dng trn c s m rng s
tham gia ca cng ng. K t Web 1.0 ch l s xut bn
thng tin mt chiu n Web 2.0 xut hin vo u nhng
nm 2000 to ra mt khuynh hng mi vi s tham gia
ca lc lng xy dng ni dung web khng chuyn ngy
cng tng, dn n th loi Web ngy cng phong ph.
Web 2.0 c nh du bng s ra i ca cc blogs, cc
mng x hi (social network), cc trang web cho php ngi
dng chia s ni dung nh Youtube. Facebook mng x hi
ph bin nht hin nay trn th gii vi hn 1 t ngi s
dng (s liu cng b ca Facebook ngy 4/10/2012) d mi
ch ra i nm 2004, hn khng xa l vi rt nhiu ngi
trong chng ta.
Tuy nhn Web 2.0 cng xut hin mt s nhc im nh
thng tin qu ti vi ngi dng, do ni dung c cung cp
nhiu ngun hn so vi th h trc. Kt qu tm kim trn
cc cng c search engine thng qu nhiu ni dung khng
lin quan ti ch cn tm kim. Cc cng c (thit b, trnh
duyt) vn hiu ni dung ch l cc chui byte 0101. D liu
cc website vn c lp vi nhau...
gii qut cc nhc im cc nh nghin cu ang
xy dng mt th h Web mi, Web 3.0. Web 3.0 l mt tp
hp cc cng ngh bao gm cc trang web ng ngha, d liu
lin quan, x l ngn ng t nhin, tr thng minh nhn to,
mashup, v cc API Vi th h mi, web c th hiu
nhng g bn ang ngh.
Vic tm hiu cng ngh Web 3.0 s gip cho chng ta c
c c s l thuyt nh hng cho vic p dng cng
ngh mi ny ti Vit nam.
1. L do chn ti:
4
Web 3.0 s da trn phn cng ngh quan trng nht l
Semantic Web v da trn mt s cng ngh Web khc. Web
3.0 hin ang nhng bc s khai ban u c sng to v
pht trin nhng thu ht s quan tm c bit cc nh
nghin cu, cc t chc, cc cng ty, cng ng
Xut pht t l do lun vn t vn nghin cu Web
3.0 nhm ch ng nm bt c cng ngh Web mi v
xut kh nng trin khai p dng ti Vit Nam.
2. Mc ch, i tng v phm vi nghin cu:
Mc ch ca ti: a ra c ci nhn khi qut vic
trin khai m hnh Web3.0 trn th gii ng thi nh gi
hin trng vic s dng Web 2.0 trong nc t a ra l
trnh thc hin p dng cng ngh Web 3.0 ti Vit nam.
i tng nghin cu:
L thuyt m hnh kin trc Sematic Web, cc cng ngh
v cc xu hng pht trin ca Web 3.0.Vic pht trin v
trin khai Web 3.0 trn th gii v nh gi gi hin trng
vic s dng Web ti Vit nam .
Phm vi nghin cu:
Nghin cu l thuyt v cc cng ngh h tr v pht trin
cho Web 3.0 thay th cho Web 2.0 ti Vit nam.
Phng php nghin cu
Cc ti liu lin quan n cng ngh Web 3.0 v cc trang
Web ca W3C v cc bi bo chuyn lin quan n cng
ngh ny.
B cc ca lun vn: gm 3 chng v phn m u,
phn kt lun kin ngh:
Phn m u nu c s ra i pht trin ca cc th h
Web t 1.0 n 2.0 ng thi cng nh gi c nhng
khuyt im hin nay ca Web 2.0 nhm nu bt c ngha
s cp bch ca vic p dng thay th bng Web 3.0 trn th
gii v ti Vit nam.
Chng 1: Nghin cu tng quan v cc cng ngh Web.
5
Chng 2: Ngin cu cc cng ngh v v xu hng pht
trin Web 3.0.
Chng 3: Khuyn ngh xut kh nng trin khai p
dng ti Vit nam.
Phn kt lun v kin ngh: a ra mt s vn tn ti
cn gii quyt v hng nghin cu tip theo ca ti.
Kt qu ca lun vn nghin cu, tm hiu k lng v
cc cng ngh, cc cng c pht trin ca Web 3.0. Vic trin
khai n trn th gii ng thi nh gi thc trng cng ngh
Web 2.0 ang s dng trong nc dn n vic a ra c
khuyn ngh vic trin khai v p dng ti Vit nam
6
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH WEB
Chng 1 gii thiu tng quan v lch s pht trin ca
cc cng ngh Web gip chng ta c ci nhn tng th v s
ra i v pht trin ca tng th h Web.
Qua chng cng nh gi c nhng u v
nhc im ca cc cng ngh Web 1.0, Web 2.0 dn n s
cn thit phi nghin cu pht trin th h Web mi Web 3.0.
Phn 1.1 Nhn li lch s pht trin cc cng ngh Web.
Phn 1.2, Gii thiu tng quan v cc c tnh ca Web3.0.
Phn kt lun ca chng c nu trong mc 1.3.
1.1. Lch s pht trin cng ngh Web
WWW c ngh ln u tin vo nhng nm 1990
bi Tim Berners-Lee v Robert Cailliau khi hai ng lm vic
ti CERN Geneva, Thy S.
Kiu Web m trong tc nhn ngi s dng m
phng theo phn ng ca con ngi, c th c v hiu thng
tin s dng tr tu nhn to c gi l Web ng ngha.
1.1.1. Web 1.0
Th h u tin ca Web c gi l Web 1.0 hoc
n gin l Web. Web 1.0 cn c cc tn gi khc l Read
Web, Old Web hoc Static Web. Web 1.0 ch yu l
mi trng xut bn thng tin mt chiu.
Hnh 1.1. Kin trc Web 1.0 in hnh
Cc c tnh ca Web 1.0 c th c tng kt nh
sau:
7
Trong Web 1.0, Webmaster l ngi chu trch nhim qun l ni dung v duy tr cp nht cho ngi s
dng.
Web 1.0 khng h tr xut bn thng tin rng ri
. Web 1.0 s dng ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c bn xut bn ni dung trn Internet;
Web 1.0 khng h tr ni dung c th c bi my. Ch ngi c Web c th hiu c ni dung;
Web 1.0 Ngi s dng vn phi s dng cc cng c khng trc tuyn khc truyn thng vi thng tin lin
lc ny;
Trong Web 1.0, cc trang Web c thit k phn ng theo bn nng da trn iu kin c lp trnh.
1.1.2. Web 2.0
Thut ng Web 2.0 c chnh thc nh ngha vo
nm 2004 bi Dale Dougherty, ph ch tch ca OReilly
Media, trong hi ngh t chc bi OReilly v MediaLive
International. Tim OReilly nh ngha Web 2.0 nh sau:
Mi th trn Web c gn th (tag), gip cho vic
iu hng nhanh v d dng hn. Ngc vi Web 1.0, Web
2.0 c tr tu tp th ca hng triu ngi s dng.
Hnh 1.2 Kin trc Web 2.0 in hnh
Cc c tnh ca Web 2.0 c th tng kt nh sau:
Web 2.0 l phin bn th hai ca Web cung cp ng dng Internet giu c RIA
8
Kin trc hng dch v SOA l phn c bn trong Web 2.0.
Web 2.0 l Web x hi. ng dng Web 2.0 hng ti tng tc nhiu hn vi ngi s dng u cui.
Trong thut ng v chin lc Web 2.0 th Web l mi trng m.
Trong Web 2.0, d liu l ng lc. Mt trong nhng cng ngh quan trng l AJAX, cng ngh ny h tr
s pht trin kinh nghim ca ngi s dng tim nng.
Cc cng ngh v dch v chnh ca Web 2.0 bao gm cc blog, t chc cung cp n gin thc s RSS, wiki,
mashup, tag, folksonomy v cc m my gn th.
Nh vy, Web 2.0 l phin bn ci tin ca World
Wide Web, Web 2.0 vn cn tn ti nhiu hn ch, c th
tng kt nh sau [9, 10]:
Cc hn ch ca ngn ng HTML
Cc ng dng c pht trin tp trung vo s tin nghi cho con ngi, do lm cho vic c gii ha cc nhim
v tr nn phc tp.
Vic truy nhp ti hu ht thng tin l min ph v phn mm l m, dn ti cc dch v phi ng u vi cc
thch thc v li nhun.
Thiu cc Web server thng minh trnh hin tng tc nghn nt c chai (bottle-neck)
Thiu cc phng php v m hnh ha h tr vic thit k RIA UI, khng h tr s tng thch ng ngha
t UI ca Web 1.0 ti UI ca Web 2.0.
Thiu t chc thm quyn trung tm thc hin vic t chc v tiu chun ha phng thc m Web c qun l.
Cc thch thc v an ninh v bo mt do s phi by thng tin c nhn/t chc trn Web 2.0.
Cung cp cc kh nng truy vn ti: thiu s biu din d liu tng qut.
9
Qu ti thng tin: Qu ti thng tin phn tn vi cht lng khng ng tin cy c xem l vn nghim
trng.
Chu k lp li khng i ca vic thay i v nng cp cc dch v.
Cc vn nguyn tc trong vic xy dng v s dng Web 2.0: Cc cng ngh v cc dch v mi ca Web
2.0 bt u cho thy s hn ch theo thut ng s ring t v
bn quyn.
Vn lin kt ni: S lin kt ni v kin thc chia s gia cc nn tng (platform) qua cc ranh gii gia
cng ng vn cn b hn ch.
S khng hiu qu ca cc h thng chia s thng tin trong cc ng dng Web.
S tin cy ca cc Website v cc ni dung bn trong chng:
Truy nhp ton cu: Mt thch thc m Web 2.0 phi ng u l m bo rng tt c cc nh pht trin Web
v cc nh thit k Web tun theo mt nguyn tc truy nhp
trong vic cung cp s m t, ti u ha vic truy nhp ti tt
c ngi s dng Web, c bit l nhng ngi khuyt tt.
1.1.3. Web th h k tip
tng chnh ca cng ngh Web 3.0 th h k tip l
to ra ni dung Web bng cch khng s dng ngn ng t
nhin m dng tp lnh (script) c th hiu c v phn
on c bi cc agent phn mm cho php chng tm
kim, chia s hoc tch hp thng tin d dng hn v hiu qu
hn, hng ti cc ng dng thng minh. Mc ch ch yu
ca cng ngh Web 3.0 l h tr ngi s dng ng gp
thng tin theo cc phng thc m my tnh c th hiu c,
x l v trao i.
10
1.2. T ng uan v c ng ngh W 3.0
1. .1. i i thi
Thut ng Web 3.0 ln u tin c ngh bi
John Markoff trn thi bo New York Times vo nm 2006
[15, 19], v ln u tin xut hin ni bt vo u nm 2006
trong bi bo Blog Critical of Web 2.0 and associated
technologies such as Ajax vit bi Jeffrey Zeldman.
u tin phi k n quan im: Web 3.0 l s chuyn i
Web thnh c s d liu.
Quan im th hai nhn mnh Web 3.0 vi s pht trin
hng ti tr tu nhn to.
Quan im th ba cho rng Web 3.0 thc hin Web ng
ngha v kin trc hng dch v SOA.
V mt quan im khc l Web 3.0 l s pht trin
hng n 3D.
Ngoi ra, cn tn ti mt s nh ngha m rng c
ngh i vi Web 3.0 khc bao gm:
Kt ni ton cu
Tnh ton mng
Cc cng ngh m
Nhn dng m
Web thng minh
1. . . Tng q an Web 3.0
Web 3.0, ngoi vic c mt s tnh nng bao gm tnh
nng ca Web 2.0, s c mt s mc tiu chnh l: tm kim
thng tin, tm kim hiu lc, v tm kim gii tr. Vic tm
kim thng tin s gn hn trong Web 3.0.
Gii tr, xu hng ph bin nht ca Web 2.0, s tin
tin hn trong Web 3.0, bi v n da trn vic la chn ca
c nhn.
Sc mnh thc s ca Web 3.0 s l vic to ra d
liu v truyn ti n hiu qu. Web 3.0 s s dng cc cng
ngh my tnh v Internet khc nhau h tr sau y:
Tr tu nhn to
Suy din t ng
Kin trc nhn thc
Cc ng dng tng hp
Tnh ton phn tn
Biu din tri thc
11
Ontology
Vn bn t hp
Vector ha
Web ng ngha
Wiki ng ngha
Cc agent phn mm
1. .3. Cc c tnh ca Web 3.0
c tnh thng minh
c tnh c nh n ha
c tnh hin th
1. .4. Cc x h ng cng ngh i v i Web 3.0
Hnh 1.5. S pht trin cng ngh Web 3.0
Cc xu hng ni bt ca Web 3.0 c th k n l Web
ng ngha, Web 3D, Web mng x hi, Web tp trung d liu
a phng tin, v Web ton cu.
1.3. Kt lun chng
Chng u ca lun vn khi qut ton b lch s ca
cc cng ngh Web. u nhng nm ca thp k 90 ca th
k trc Web 1.0 ra i, vo tha s khai n ch l dng
thng tin mt chiu trn Internet. Ngi s dng ch c th
c cc thng tin c trn .
Web 2.0 xut hin vo u nhng nm 2000 ngi s dng
c th truyn thng vi nhau. Web 2.0 l phin bn th hai
ca Web cung cp ng dng Internet giu c RIA vi kin
trc hng dch v SOA l phn c bn trong Web 2.0 ng
thi n c nh du bng s ra i ca cc blogs, cc mng
x hi (social network), cc trang Web cho php ngi dng
chia s ni dung nh Youtube, Facebook. Tuy nhin Web 2.0
12
cng xut hin mt s nhc im nh tc gi nh gi
trong phn m u Web 2.0 cng xut hin mt s nhc
im nh thng tin qu ti vi ngi dng, do ni dung c
cung cp nhiu ngun hn so vi th h trc. Kt qu tm
kim trn cc cng c search engine thng qu nhiu ni
dung khng lin quan ti ch cn tm kim. Cc cng c
(thit b, trnh duyt) vn hiu ni dung ch l cc chui byte
0101. D liu cc website vn c lp vi nhau... .
Web 3.0 ang c nghin cu v trin khai khc phc
nhng nhc im ca Web 2,0. Vi tng l to ra ni
dung Web bng cch khng s dng ngn ng t nhin m
dng tp lnh (script) c th hiu c v phn on c bi
cc agent phn mm cho php chng tm kim, chia s
hoc tch hp thng tin d dng hn v hiu qu hn, hng
ti cc ng dng thng minh. Cc c tnh ch yu ca Web
3.0 nh c tnh thng minh, c tnh c nhn ha v hin th
u s c cc nh nghin cu tch hp trong cng c pht
trin ca Web 3.0.
13
CHNG 2: NGHIN CU CC CNG NGH
V XU HNG PHT TRIN CA WEB 3.0
Chng 2: Tp trung vo nghin cu l thuyt v cc cng
ngh Web 3.0 hay Web ng ngha (Semantic Web).
Phn u ca chng s gii thiu kin trc by lp c
thit k bi Tim Berners-Lee trong tp chung ph n tch k
cc lp c bn lp 2, lp 3 v 4.
Phn 2.2 ca chng a ra nhng nh gi v xu hng
pht trin ca cc cng ngh Web 3.0.
Phn kt lun ca chng c nu trong mc 2.3.
2.1. Cc cng ngh s dng trong Web 3.0
.1.1 i i thi
Cng ngh Web ng ngha (Semantic Web) c cp
trong bi bo tm nhn ca Tim Berners-Lee v Web nh l
mi trng ton cu trao i d liu, thng tin v kin
thc. Web ng ngha khuyn khch ngi s dng xut bn v
chia s d liu ca mnh v b sung cc lin kt ti d liu
khc.
Mt s u im ca vic t c mc tiu ny bao gm:
Kh nng xc nh thng tin da trn ngha ca n, v d bit khi no hai cu l tng ng, hoc bit rng mt
tham chiu ti mt ngi cc trang Web khc nhau l ang
cp ti cng mt c nhn;
Tch hp thng tin qua cc ngun khc nhau bng cch to ra cc nh x qua ng dng v cc gii hn thut ng
chng ta c th m t cc khi nim ng nht v lin quan;
Ci tin phng thc thng tin c biu din ti ngi s dng, v d nh tp hp thng tin t cc ngun khc
nhau, loi b s trng lp, v tng kt d liu.
14
.1. . Kin trc ca Web ng ngha
Hnh 2.2. Kin trc ca Web ng ngha
Kin trc ca Web ng ngha c thit k bi Tim
Berners-Lee, v c chp nhn bi W3C, c m t trn
Hnh 2.2. C by lp trong kin trc ca Web ng ngha,
trong lp th hai, lp th ba v lp th t l nhng lp c
bn ca Web ng ngha.
.1.3. D li c lin kt v d li m
2.1.3.1. nh ngha d liu m c lin kt
D liu c lin kt l kt qu ca mt n lc cng
ng. D n D liu M Lin kt c thc hin bi W3C
nhm mc ch tng lng Web c d liu c lin kt bng
cch xut bn cc tp d liu m khc nhau dng RDF trn
Web v kt ni chng ti cc ngun d liu khc nhau.
2.1.3.2. Cc nguyn l c n ca d liu c lin
kt
D liu c lin kt s dng URI lin kt ti mt
i tng d liu hn l mt ti liu. Tim Berners-Lee, ngi
pht minh ra d liu c lin kt, a ra bn nguyn l
ca d liu c lin kt:
S dng URI m t mi th biu din trn Web nh cc ngun ti nguyn;
15
S dng cc HTTP URIs, v vy ngi s dng c th tm kim cc tn ny, c th xc nh i tng c th;
Khi ngi s dng tm kim URI, cung cp thng tin hu ch, s dng tiu chun RDF;
Bao gm lin kt ti cc URI khc, ngi s dng c th khm ph nhiu thng tin hn.
D liu c lin kt tt nn gm cc c im sau
[43]:
C l u im quan trng nht ca d liu c lin kt l thun tin v n gin. Vi bn nguyn l hot ng
trn, d liu c lin kt c th d dng c hnh thnh v
ngay lp tc c p dng;
Bi v d liu c lin kt s dng khun dng RDF, d liu c cu trc v d liu khng c cu trc c th
p dng c nh nhau;
D liu c lin kt c th kt ni tt c d liu ring l;
Linh hot v d dng nng cp;
Truy nhp, phn tch v thao tc d liu c th thc hin bi ngi s dng.
.1.4. X t bn d li c lin kt trn Web
D liu c lin kt s dng URI t tn cc i
tng trn th gii, cc ngun ti nguyn ny khng phi l
cc ngun ti nguyn thng tin. File ngun ti nguyn thng
tin tng qut c hai loi: nu yu cu n t cc trnh duyt
(trong tiu bao gm yu cu text/html), chng ta tr v file
HTML. Nu yu cu l ng dng/rdf+xml, chng ta tr v file
RDF.
.1.5. Cc cng ngh Web 3D
2.1.5.1. Gii thiu
Hin nay c cng ngh phn cng v phn mm h
tr vic hin th ha 3D thc u ang pht trin. Cng
ngh Web 3D thng gn vi thut ng cng ngh thc t
o VR.
16
2.1.5.2. VRML
2.1.5.3. X3D
2.1.5.4. DMLW
2.1.5.5. XML3D
2.1.5.6. WebGL
2.1.5.7. O3D
2.1.5.8. U3D
2.1.5.9. COLLADA
2.1.6. Cc cng ngh Media-Centric Web
Media-Centric Web l cng ngh Web trong media l
thnh phn c bn. Media-Centric Web c th c h tr
pht trin bi cc cng ngh sau:
Cng ngh chuyn i ting ni thnh vn bn (voice-to-text) s l thnh phn quan trng ca Media-Centric
Web.
Cc giao din da trn cc chuyn ng s tr nn quan trng trong vic tnh ton v Web tp trung vo media.
2.2. Cc u hng pht t in ca W 3.0
2.2.1 Ubiquitous Web
2.2.2. Soccial Semantic Web
2.2.2.1. Tng quan v Social web
2.2.2.2. Cu ni cc cng ngh web Semantic v Social
Web
2.2.2.3. M hnh ha ngi dng trong Social Semantic
Web 2.2.2.4. Gim st truy nhp trong Social Semantic Web
2.2.2.5. Ti pht hnh d liu
2.2.2.6. Nhng vn lin quan n bo mt
2.2.3. Web 3D
Tri qua qung thi gian di pht trin v khng ngng
hon thin. gi y 3D chinh phc rt nhiu lnh vc v
ang to nn mt cuc cch mng cng ngh mi.
Chnh v vy m thng tin sn phm nhn c t
Web3D l rt ln.
17
2.3. Kt lun chng
Ni dung ca chng 2 i su vo cc cng ngh ca
Web 3.0 cng nh tng bc miu t kin trc by lp ca
m hnh Tim Berners-Lee. Cc khi nim mi nh d liu
c lin kt (Linked Data) v Sematic Web cng c nu
r trong chng ny. D liu c lin kt s dng URI
lin kt ti mt i tng d liu hn l mt ti liu. i
tng d liu c m t bi RDF (m bo d liu c ng
ngha), v file RDF nn gm nhiu hn cc ngun ti nguyn
khc c nh du bi URI. Vic xut bn trn Web da vo
File ngun ti nguyn thng tin tng qut c hai loi: nu yu
cu n t cc trnh duyt (trong tiu bao gm yu cu
text/html), chng ta tr v file HTML. Cc cng ngh nh
Ubiquitous Web, Media-Centric Web, Social Web, Web 3D
c phn tch nh gi c th trong chng ny.
Trn nn l thuyt ca phn u, phn cui ca chng
tng hp, phn tch nh gi kh nng v xu hng pht trin
ca cc cng ngh Web 3.0 trn th gii lm tin cho
chng tip theo.
18
CHNG 3: KHU N NGH XU T V KH
NNG TRIN KHAI P DNG CNG NGH WEB 3.0
TI VIT NAM
Chng 3 Trn quan im cch tip cn ca cng ngh
Vin thng v Cng ngh Thng tin ni dung chng c
cch nhn tng th nh gi vic tip cn cng ngh ca cc
Cng ty ln trn th gii t nh gi tnh hnh s dng
Web 2.0 ti Vit nam nhm a ra khuyn ngh trin khai
Web 3.0 ti Vit nam.
Phn 3.1 Ph n tch tnh hnh trin khai Web 3.0 trn th
gii t nhn li vic s dng cng ngh Web 2.0 ti Vit
nam phn 3.2. Cch tip cn s c ph n tch trong phn
3.3. Phn 3.4 l phn quan trng ca lun vn khuyn ngh
trin khai Web 3.0 ti Vit nam. Phn 3.5 Kt lun ca
chng.
3.1. Tnh hnh trin khai trn th gii
Bn cnh s pht trin ca cng ngh vin thng,
cng ngh thng tin ni chung, cng ngh Web cng c
nhng bc pht tin vt bc trong thi gian va qua,
mang li rt nhiu li ch khng ch i vi ngi cung cp
dch v m cn i vi nhng ngi s dng dch v.
Th h Web k tip n nhn s gia nhp ca cc thit
b c nhn khc vo Web ngoi computer,
Nn kinh t pht trin, chng ta ang sng trong mt
th gii phng. Lng ngi tham gia vo Intemet s ch c
tng ch khng h gim.
C th k ra mt vi lnh vc p dng cng ngh
Semantic Web thnh cng nh: H thng lc nh Kodak, Ch
to thuc Eli Lilly...
Web 3.0 c cu trc phc tp hn, bao gm nhng
cng ngh mnh hn qua cng yu cu nhiu dung lng
mng hn, cng ngh truyn ti cng phi mnh m v ti u
19
ha hn, y cng c th coi l nn tng v yu cu thit yu
cho s pht trin ca Web 3.0.
3.2. Tnh hnh pht trin Web 2.0 ti Vit Nam v nhng
vn cn gii quyt
Web 2.0 c dng rng ri ti Vit Nam,cc trong
mng x hi nh Facebook, chia s hnh nh nh Flick, tm
kim bng Google, chia s video bng Youtube, nh ngha
Wikipedia. Bn cnh cng c nhng ng dng c th coi l
"c Vit ha" ca nhng ng dng trn, nh cc mng x
hi vi cc trang web tiu biu nh Yobanbe, Cyworld,
Faceviet, . . . ; lnh vc tm kim vi cc trang web tiu biu
nh Baamboo, Tim nhanh, Zing Search,..; mng dch v gii
tr vi cc trang xem video, nghe nhc v cc dch v khc
nh Clip vn, Yeuamnhac.com, Mp3zing, . . .; lnh vc lu a
ch trang web, hay cn gi l Bookmark vi cc trang web
tiu biu nh Lin khay.com, Tagvn.com, Vietkicks.com,...T
c th thy c qu trnh p dng trin khai cc ng dng
dch v trn nn tng cng ngh Web 2.0 t c nhng
thnh cng bc u ti Vit Nam.
Tuy nhin c mt cu hi t ra l ti sao s lng
ngi s dng nhng ng dng "Vit ha" ni trn ti Vit
Nam t hn s lng ngi s dng nhng trang tng t
nhng "khng c Vit ha
C th a ra mt vi l do d nhn thy l gii
nhng thc mc trn.
Th nht giao din ca nhng ng dng Web Vit
Nam khng tht s thn thin v to c s tin dng vi
ngi dng.
Th hai, tnh bo mt nhng trang web hoc mng
x hi Vit Nam cha cao.
Cui cng, chng ta thng gp trng hp ti v
hoc ng mt bc nh hoc video ln nhng trang mng ca
Vit Nam chm hn nhng trang mng ca quc t mc d
khong cch a l l rt khc nhau.
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Vit Nam ang trn con ng hi nhp v pht trin
cng vi nn cng ngh thng tin trn th gii. Bn cnh
nhng cng ngh khc th Web 2.0 l lnh vc gt hi c
nhiu thnh cng cng nh rt gn gi trong i sng.
Web khng ch ph thuc v sn sng ca my ch
m cn ph thuc vo cht lng ca ng truyn.
Tuy nhin qu trnh p dng trin khai s mang c
trng ca Vit Nam.
3.3. Xu hng tip cn Web 3.0 ti Vit Nam
c c v khai thc trit nhng li ch nu trn
do Semantic Web mang li v c th trin khai ng dng ti
Vit Nam ng thi mang li li ch cho cng ng khng ch
cng ng mng m cn l cng ng x hi. Thi im hin
ti chng ta ang k tha mt khi lng d liu khng l qua
giai on pht trin vt bc ca th h Web 2.0, y l iu
kin cn c th trin khai Web 3.0. Tuy nhin iu kin
c th trin khai l d liu ca chng ta phi c cng
mt khun dng chung cho php chia s v ti s dng qua
cc ng dng.
Bn cnh vic xy dng d liu theo cu trc chun,
cn cn phi xy dng cc ontology i din cho cc vng
min d liu theo tng linh vc.
trin khai Web 3.O.ti Vit Nam chng ta cng c
th thc hin mt giai on trung gian nh tip cn phng
php Data mining.
Cng ngh Web 3D s l mt cng ngh ha h n
cho nhiu ng dng cung cp dch v trong tng li ti
Vit nam nh dch v cung cp thng tin thc v sn phm
tm kim, dch v du lch trc tuyn ... Tiu biu c th nhc
n l trang web www hello3dworld.com (do Cng ty C
phn Phc L Gia (PLG) pht trin). Sau mt nm ra mt
(8/2010), n nay, PLG xy dng thnh cng sn giao dch
thng mi in t B2C di hnh thc t chc hi ch trin
lm trc tuyn.
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3.4. Khuyn ngh nghin cu, trin khai, p dng Web 3.0
(Semantic Web) ti Vit Nam
Mc d cc cng ngh Semantic Web bc u
c s dng, tuy nhin chng s khng c tip nhn rng
ri cho n khi cc cng c tr nn hon thin v cc vn
kinh doanh c gii quyt. Hn na, vic pht trin cc
ontology c th yu cu s u t ng k. Do , v kh
nng bc u ng dng cng ngh Semantic Web Vit
Nam, chng ti khuyn ngh nh sau:
3.4.1. i v i nh h ng cc hot ng nghin c pht
trin
Cn tip tc nghin c s pht trin ca cc cng c Semantic Web v s ch n ha Web ng ngha.
Nm bt cc ng ngha trong mt ontology.
M hnh ha d li da trn th gi i thc.
To ra nhi giao din t i d li ..
t vo vic nghin c cc thc t tt nht v Semantic Web v cc m thit k.
Kh yn khch cc hot ng nghin c R&D trong cc lnh vc Web ng ngha.
3.4. . i v i vic o to tm hi thng tin v cc cng
ngh Semantic Webti Vit Nam, chng ti kh yn ngh v
cc ng n ti li tham chi nh sa :
+ Cc cng c pht trin Web ng ngha: C mt
s danh sch trn Web a ra tng quan ton din v cc cng
c kh dng khc nhau. Trang Web c th tham kho l trang
Wiki trn W3C ESW c duy tr bi .W3C ESW cng nh
nhiu cng ng.
+ Danh sch cc sch c tng hp trang Wiki ca
W3C, bao gm hn 40 quyn sch v Semantic Webc
xut bn bi cc nh xut bn uy tn nh OReilly, MIT Press,
Cambride University Press, Springer Verlag
22
+ Cc bi bo/xut bn v Semantic Webc th tham
kho cc ngun sau:
* International Semantic Web Conference " series l
s kin hng nm xut bn cc bi vit bi nh xut bn
Springer. Trong khi cc hi ngh ny thng lu hnh trn
ton cu, "European Semantic Web Conference" v "Asian
Semantic Web Conference" series c t chc Chu u v
Chu .
* Intemational World Wide Web Conference " l hi
ngh hng nm v cc cng ngh World Wide Web ni chung,
trong lun c mt mng quan trng v Semantic Webcho
c nhng nh hc thut v cc cng ng pht trin Web. C
th tham kho trang ca cng ng t chc... bit thm chi
tit v cc hi ngh ny v cc lin kt ti cc bi vit.
* Hi ngh Semantic Technologies hng nm tr thnh
s kin quan trng. Hi ngh ny t tp trung vo cc kha cnh
nghin cu v Web ng ngha, m tp trung vo cc kha cnh
kinh doanh, cng nghip, s pht trin v cc ng dng mi.
+ Tm kim cc ontology, cc thut ng hay cc tp d
liu cho cc ng dng: C mt s portal thu thp thng tin v
cc ontology hin ti. V d in hnh l Schemaweb. V d
khc l dch v "Pingthesemanticweb" thu thp thng tin v
cc ti liu RDF mi trn Web da trn lnh "pings c gn
bi cc ng dng to ra d liu v da trn cc lin'kt pht
hin t ng RDF c tm thy bi nhng ngi duyt Web.
Cng c cc engine tm kim khc nh Falcon, Sindice hoc
Watson,... chuyn v tm kim cc ti liu Web ng ngha.
+ Cng ng nhng nh pht trin Semantic Web
chng ta c th tham gia: Nhm W3C Semantic Web Interest
Group l mt trong nhng nhm tt nht tham gia trc
tin. ng thi cng.c nhiu cng ng khc tp trung vo
cc lnh vc hoc mc ch c th v Web ng ngha, gm:
* DOAP: D n m t thng tin v cc d n phn
mm ngun m.
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* FOAF: D n m t thng tin v con ngi v cc
mi quan h x hi.
* SIOC: D n m t thng tin v cc trang cng ng
trc tuyn cc blog, bulletin board,... v s dng thng tin ny
kt ni cc a ch ny vi nhau.
* Linking Open Da ta v Web ng ngha: l d n c
mc ch l lm cho cc ngun d liu m khc nhau kh
dng trn Web dng RDF v thit lp cc lin kt RDF gia
cc hng mc d liu t cc ngun d liu khc nhau.
* Planetrdf Blog aggregator tp hp cc blog ca mt
s nh pht trin Semantic Webtch cc trn ton th gii.
3.4.3. Kh yn ngh v chnh sch pht trin v ng dng
trin khai
Xt v kha cnh qun l, nh hng pht trin v
ng dng trin khai, cng ngh web 3.0 v Schematic Web
hin nay l mt xu hng pht trin tip theo ca cng ngh
web; l mt xu hng cng ngh c pht trin nhm p
ng cc nhu cu ngy cng gia tng trong x hi v cc hnh
thc trao i thng tin, tm kim v chia s thng tin, phc v
nhu cu c nhn, cng ng trong mi mt hot ng ca i
sng kinh t x hi ca mt quc gia. Tuy nhin cng cn
phi nhn thc rng, gia vic p ng nhu cu thc t v kh
nng p ng ca cng ngh v cc iu kin c th ca Vit
Nam cn l mt thch thc rt ln. N i hi phi c nhng
chnh sch pht trin v ng dng trin khai theo cch tip cn
hp l v mt l trnh trnh. Mt s nh hng tip cn ph
hp c th l:
V nghin c pht trin: Cn khuyn khch pht trin i ng cn b nghin cu chuyn su v chuyn 'nghip
v cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web.
V mt o to: Tin hnh a cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web nh l mn hc trong qu trnh o to,
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ging dy cc trng i hc, v cc chng trnh nghin
cu cao hc.
Pht trin c s h tng mng tr yn ti thng tin: y l iu kin quan trng, lm c s h tng ng dng
cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web trong tng lai.
Xy dng v ch n ha cc loi hnh c s d li tp tr ng v phn tn, xy.dng chnh sch chia s d
li : C th ni, cc c s d liu l tin v cng l cc i
tng hng ti ca cng ngh Web 3.0 v Semantic Web
trong vic ng dng v trin khai cc loi hnh dch v.
Cn c nhng nh h ng v l trnh hp l v ng dng trin khai Web 3. 0 v Semantic Web ti Vit
Nam: Vic xy dng cc nh hng v l trnh ng dng
cng ngh Web 3.0 v Schematic Web cn bm st xu hng
ca th gii v mc pht trin, chn mui cng ngh
ny c th ng dng trin khai trn thc t.
V mt nh hng chung, vic ng dng cng ngh Web
3.0 v Semantic Web cn c cp n v bao hm trong
nh hng pht trin ng dng cc cng ngh thng tin tin
tin, hin i theo " nh hng Chin lc pht trin Cng
ngh thng tin v Truyn thng Vit Nam giai on 2011
2020.
2.3. Kt lun chng
Ni dung ca chng 3 ngoi vic khi qut tnh hnh
trin khai tip cn Web 3.0 trn th gii cng nh gi
c tnh hnh pht trin Web 2.0 ti Vit nam bc u
t nhng thng li. Tuy nhin vic s dng cc trang Web
trong nc t hn nhiu so vi nhng trang nc ngoi do cc
nguyn nhn nh giao din khng thn thin, bo mt cha
cao v tc chm l cc l do chnh. T nhng nh gi
chng ta cn phi hi t c iu kin cn v ng thi gii
qut cc kh khn nh xy dng d liu theo cu trc chun,
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xy dng cc ontology i din cho cc vng min d liu
theo tng linh vc
Phn ni dung quan trng nht ca chng v cng l ca
lun vn ny l a ra c khuyn ngh trin khai p dng
ti Vit nam cng vi cc nh hng v khuyn ngh c th
bao gm nh hng cc hot ng nghin cu pht trin,
khuyn nghi i vi vic o to tm hiu thng tin v cc
cng ngh Semantic Web3.0 v nh hng v chnh sch
pht trin v ng dng trin khai ti Vit nam. .
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K T LUN V HNG
NGHIN CU TI P THEO
1. Kt lun
Web 3.0 chnh l tng lai m cc t chc, cc cng ty,
cng ng mun hng n, Web 3.0 s gip cho vic s
dng internet d dng v tin ch hn. Lun vn tng bc
i t l thuyt t kin trc cc lp, n xu hng pht trin
cc cng ngh Web 3.0 t phn tch nh gi hin trng
tnh hnh, cc kh khn, vng mc cn gii quyt khi trin
khai trong nc. Vi cc khuyn ngh, nh hng r rng i
km mt l trnh trin khai hp l c th hy vng rng tng
lai thc s ca Web3.0 ti Vit nam s ngy cng tt p v
vt xa hn nhiu nhng g c d on.
2. Hng nghin cu tip theo
Hc vin s tip tc nghin cu, cp nht cc cng c
pht trin h tr ca Web 3.0, trin khai th nghim vi mc
tiu a Web 3.0 vo thc t cuc sng theo ng nh hng
chung pht trin ng dng cc Cng ngh Thng tin tin tin
v hin i.