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TVL-AFA-ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

Quarter 4 – Module 1:

Perform Plant Care and Management

TVL-AFA- Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 4 – Module 1: Perform Plant Care and Management First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rosie C. Baldelovar

Editors: Jonathan L. Bayaton

Reviewers: Eva May L. Baguio

Typesetter: Jonathan L. Bayaton

Layout Artist: Rosie C. Baldelovar

Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera

Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Maricel S. Rasid

Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed. D Elmar L. Cabrera

Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D.

Antonio B. Baguio, Jr., Ed. D.

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TVL Quarter 4 – Module 1:

Perform Plant Care and

Management

(Determine effective control measures on specific pests and

diseases found under the “pest, disease and weed management"

section of the PNS)

ii

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to

help you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this module

permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language

used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are

arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in

which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you

are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Generate ideas about different types of pests. 2. Initiate in showing ways on how insects damage plants. 3. Produce organic herbicides using available local materials.

4. Perform different methods of controlling insects.

What I Need to Know

1

What I Know

Direction: Choose the correct letter that shows the correct answer and write your

answers in your notebook.

1. A method of controlling pest those are compatible with other control methods.

A. Biological control B. Cultural control

C. Mechanical control D. All of the above

2. Farm operations that are favorable to crop production but unfavorable to the pest.

A. Biological control

B. Cultural control C. Mechanical control

D. All of the above 3. It includes handpicking bagging, and trap crop.

A. Biological control B. Cultural control

C. Mechanical control D. All of the above

4. This method is discouraged in organic agriculture.

A. Cultural control B. Biological control

C. Mechanical control D. Chemical control

5. It controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt. A. Application of Lactic acid serum

B. OHN

C. Neem D. Luy-a luy-an

6. Acts as pesticides and fungicides against crawling insects. A. Application of Lactic Acid Serum

B. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient C. Neem

D. Tobacco

2

Lesson

1 Perform Plant Care and

Management

Inside this module, you can generate ideas about different types of pests,

initiate in showing ways on how insects damage plants and you will be performing

different methods of controlling insects. Prepare and get ready for fun-filled

learning ahead.

What’s In

Briefly answer the questions below in your notebook.

1. Give at least 3 kinds of weeds that you know in your previous lesson?

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What are different methods of controlling weeds?

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why it is always advisable to use organic methods of controlling weeds?

___________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Controlling of Pests

Is the process of protecting and eradicating pests in the crop.

One of the best organic practices in controlling pests is by using attractants

made from boiled molasses and sugar, where you can put them inside the plastic

bottles and hang them 2-3 meters away from your plantation.

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What is It

Methods of Controlling Pest

1. Biological control 2. Cultural control

3. Mechanical or Physical Control

4. Chemical Control

1. Biological control -living organisms to suppress pest population.

Compatible with other control methods

Biological Control

a. Trichogramma b. Earwigs (see figure below)

c. Telenemus sp(see figure below)

d. Metarrhizium e. VAM – Vasicular Arbuscular Mychorriziae

Earwigs Telenemus sp

A. Parasitoid- attack eggs or larvae, parasitic during the immature stage, adults

are free-living, require a single host to complete its life cycle, and always kill the

host. Example: Trichogramma, Diadegma, Snellenius, Telenomus, Aphytis.

B. Predators-usually larger than their prey requires several preys to complete their

life cycle Example: Earwigs, Flower bug, Coccinellid beetles, lacewings.

C. Microbial pathogens-a pathogen usually defined as a microorganism that

causes or can cause damage in a host. Examples: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa,

and worms.

2. Cultural Control farm operations that are favorable to crop production but

unfavorable to the pest.

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A. Thorough land preparation-Plowing and harrowing expose insects and disease

inoculum and primarily reduces weed density.

1. Synchronized planting

a. The susceptible crop stage should not coincide with the pest population peak.

b. In rice, planting should not be delayed by 1 month.

2. Sanitation

a. Removal of all breeding sites and food sources

b. Removal of old leaves

3. Intercropping or multiple cropping

a. Intercropping with mungbean-flowers provides nectar to beneficial insects.

3. Mechanical or Physical control

a. Handpicking- feasible only if dealing with few plants.

b. Bagging- done to prevent fruit flies from laying eggs.

c. Trap crop- should be more preferred by the pest than the main crop. It should be

planted ahead of the main crop. Example: “kadyos” (tomato fruitworm).

d. Use of sex pheromone- female secret sex d. pheromones, also an important tool in pest monitoring and regulating the population. If males can be attracted by the

pheromone traps, fertilization will be greatly reduced.

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e. Light trapping - if adults will be trapped in UV lamps immediately after

emergence, insect pests are immediately killed.

f. Planting of herbs/repellent- insects use the sense of smell to locate their hosts,

and it has a different odor from the host.

Plant Insects and Pests

Deterred Plant Near

Asters Most insects Sunflower, plant around

the garden

Basil Flies and mosquitoes Tomato; avoid planting near rue

Borage Tomato worn, cabbage worms

Tomato, cabbage family crops, strawberry

Calendula Asparagus beetles,

tomato hornworms, most insects

All vegetables and herbs

Catnip Flea beetles,

spittlebugs, ants, Japanese beetles,

weevils

All vegetables

Celery White cabbage butterfly Leek, tomato, cabbage,

cauliflower, bush bean

Chrysanthemum

Most insects, nematodes, spider mites

Tomato; avoid planting near lettuce

Dead Nettle Potato bugs Potato

Eggplant Colorado potato beetle Green bean, lettuce

Flax (Linnum

usitatissimum)

Potato bugs Potato, carrot

Garlic Japanese beetle, aphids,

spider mites, other insects, and blight

Tomato, eggplant,

cabbage family plants; avoid planting near

peas, beans, and other legumes

Geranium Cabbageworms, corn

earworms, Japanese

beetles, most insects

Interplant with

vegetables, especially

cabbage

Horseradish Potato bug Potato, horseradish needs a permanent

home

Henbit Most insects

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Hyssop Cabbage moth Cabbage family,

orchards, grapevines; avoid planting near

radishes

Marigold Nearly all insects including Mexican bean

beetles and nematodes

Potato, tomato, pepper, eggplant, roses

Mint Cabbage moth and ants Cabbage, tomato

Mole plant (Euphorbia lathyrus)

Moles, gophers, mice Space around the

garden every 5 feet as a barrier

Nasturtium Aphids, squash bugs,

striped pumpkin beetles, whiteflies

Beans, cabbage family

plants, cucumber

Onion family Most pests, Colorado

potato beetles, carrot

rust flies, spider mites

Most vegetables except

peas, beans, sage

Petunia Bean pests, Mexican bean beetles, potato

bugs, squash bugs

Beans, squash, potato

Pot Marigold Asparagus beetles, tomato worms, general

garden pests

Asparagus, tomato, most vegetables

Peppermint White cabbage butterfly Cabbage

Radish Cucumber beetles,

squash borers

Beans, carrot,

cucumber, kohlrabi, parsnip, onion, squash

Rosemary Cabbage moth, bean

beetle, carrot fly

Beans, cabbage family

plants, carrot

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g. Attractant

• Naturally - Fermented Attractant

Rue Japanese beetle Avoid skin contact; do

not plant near cabbage family plants

Sage Cabbage moth, carrot fly Plant with perennial

vegetables; avoid planting with cucumbers and rue

Salsify Carrot fly Carrot family plants

Southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum)

Cabbage moth, black aphids Cabbage family plants or make a southernwood-

water solution to spray cabbage

Summer Savory Bean beetles Beans, onion

Tansy Flying insects, Japanese beetles,

striped cucumber beetles, squash bugs, ants

Squash, potato; avoid

planting near collard

Thyme Cabbage worm Eggplant, cabbage,

potato, tomato, almost all vegetables, and herbs

Tomato Asparagus beetle Asparagus, dill, borage

Wormwood (Artemisia

absinthium)

Carrot fly, white cabbage butterfly, black flea beetle

Do not plant wormwood in the vegetable garden,

but leaves used to make a spray will deter insects.

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* Sacrificial Plants

Example: Okra

h. Physical Structures- Provision of Net

4. Chemical Control - In organic agriculture, using of synthetic insecticides is

discouraged. Although it is efficient in controlling pests, it has a vast effect on the

soil.

A. Insecticide

B. Fungicides

C. Herbicides

Both organic and conventional farmers use pesticides but, for the most part,

organic growers use natural pesticides rather than synthetic chemicals.

Examples of organic pesticides are garlic, onions, tobacco water, sulfur sprays, and

many more.

Organically formulated for organic agriculture are the concoctions like fermented plant juice (FPJ), fermented fruit juice (FFJ), Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN),

Indigenous Micro-Organisms, and many more. Natural attractants are an Organic

way of controlling pests and flying insects.

Effective Control Measures on Specific Pests “Management and Symptoms”

PESTS Symptoms Management

1.Cucurbit beetle ⚫ Adult’s gouge and

rasp fruit, especially smooth melons, and

damage may be worse on the shaded

undersides of fruit

contacting soil where

beetles congregate

◆ Monitor plants and

growing areas, including the growing medium, for

any signs of pests. ◆ Use baited traps early in

the season where

cucumber beetles are

known to be a problem.

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2.Leaffolder ⚫ Tubular folded leaves,

longitudinal and transparent whitish

streaks on damaged leaves,

⚫ leaf sometimes fastened to the basal

part of the leaf.

◆ Use resistant varieties.

◆ Crop rotation ◆ Avoid ratooning.

◆ Flood or plow the area after harvesting if

possible. ◆ Remove grassy weeds from

fields and borders.

◆ Reduce the density of planting.

◆ Use balanced fertilizer

rates

3. Leaf Broad mites

⚫ Leaf feeding

⚫ Dark brown edges at the base of young

leaves

◆ Pruning of old and

damaged leaves. ◆ Smudging or smoking

using rice straw, rice hull,

or sawdust. ◆ Spraying of botanical

insecticides like hot pepper, neem, or

kakawate extracts.

4. Shoot and fruit borer

⚫ Stems of a seedling

are cut. ⚫ Leaves look like a

skeleton.

⚫ Holes are made in the leaves.

⚫ Large holes are

present in the fruits

◆ Plow the field very well

after harvest and allow a fallow period to prevent

the laying of eggs and to

expose the larvae or deeply bury the pupa.

◆ Practice crop rotation ◆ Practice sanitation/clean

culture to eliminate weeds. ◆ Spraying botanicals (neem

kernel extracts)

5. Fruit worm

⚫ Presence of holes in

fruits ⚫ Yellowish in the color

of fruits

⚫ Leaf holes observed

◆ Collect and bury the

afflicted fruits and parts of the plants.

◆ Spray OHN

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What’s More

Use of ORGANIC INSECTICIDES, PESTICIDES, and BACTERICIDES

A. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

• Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects

• Controls powdery and downy mildew

B. APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID SERUM

• Controls dumping off.

• Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt

C. LUY-A LUYA-AN (wild ginger) ROOT

• BREW - for rice pests and vegetables.

• Crush 1 kg of Luy-a-luya-an and soak in water.

• Squeeze and get the juice.

• Dilute the extract to 1 gal of water and spray on rice and vegetable.

D. RED PEPPER, LEMONGRASS, AND AGDAO LEAVES EXTRACT

• Pound the red or hot pepper, agdao leaves, and lemongrass and extract the juice.

• Mix the extract and dilute 20 cc of the mixture to 4 liters of water.

• Spray on rice.

• This will be 87% effective against rice pests.

E. NEEM EXTRACT

• Effective against major pests such as worms, caterpillar, and black back moth in crucifers (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.)

• Crush neem fruit (green) and soak in water for a few hours; squeeze and extract the juice, dilute in water at the dilution rate of 1:4.

F. TOBACCO WATER BREW

• Boil chopped stems of tobacco to water just enough to submerge it.

• Cool and mix the brew with water at the ratio of 1:4.

• Spray on vegetables if pest attack is serious (Fatal in eggplant, tomato, and pepper).

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G. DERRIS POWDER – SOAP DECOCTIONS – (effective against ring borer of

citrus)

• Boil 120 grams of derris powder with 5 cups of rainwater add 300

grams finely chopped detergent soap, as the soap dissolves pour 4 gallons of rainwater.

• Strain and let it cool. Spray in the surroundings of the affected trees

during daytime.

What I Have Learned

A. There are methods of controlling pests: Biological control, cultural control, mechanical or physical control, and chemical control.

Direction: Produce your simple organic herbicides using available materials and

use them to control pests. Observe what happened, make an observation report, and submit it to your teacher.

1. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN). 2. Application of Lactic Acid Serum (LAS).

3. Luy-a luy-ayan (wild ginger) root. 4. Red pepper, lemongrass, and agdao leave extracts. 5.

Neem extract 6. Tobacco water brew

7. Debris powder-soap decoctions

Rubric

Criteria Equivalent Points

Content 50

Neatness of work 20

Required Elements (as stated above) 30

Total 100

What I Can Do

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Assessment

Direction: Read and understand the statement. Write the word TRUE if the

statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong, write your answers in

your notebook.

____________1. One of the examples of pest is the army worm. ____________2. Crop rotation prevents the multiplication of pests.

____________3. A large group of pests attacking people are in the form of animals. ____________4. Biological control is the use of other living organisms to control pest.

____________5. Cutworms may climb the plant and feed on foliage and fruit.

II. Direction: Supply the correct term that best describes the statement. Write

your answers in your notebook.

___________1. Living organisms to suppress pest population and it is compatible

with other control methods.

___________2. Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects.

___________3. Farm operations that is favorable to crop production but

unfavorable to the pest.

___________4. Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt.

___________5. Organically formulated for organic agriculture.

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Assessment

1.TRUE

2.TRUE

3.FALSE

4.TRUE

5.TRUE

II.

1.BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

2.ORIENTAL HERBAL

NUTRIENT

3.CULTURAL CONTROL

4.LACTIC ACID SERUM

5.CONCOCTIONS AND

EXTRACTS

What I know

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.A

6.B

What’s In

-Answer may vary

Answer Key

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Text References

https://science.jrank.org/pages/4901/Organic-Farming-Organic-methods-

managing-pests.html

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=application+of+organic+fertilizer&FORM=

HDRSC2

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=H8MkQyAe&id=

Competency-Based Learning Material for Third Year Horticulture NC II Pages 120-

122.

https://harvesttotable.com/insect-deterrent_plants/

Images

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Yellow+Cosmos+Plant&form=IRMHTS&fir

st=1&tsc=ImageBasicHove/=r

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sun%20flower&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=-

1&pq=sun%20flower&sc=8-

10&cvid=6E0849FAE25549D48DF7BCD92720D4AB&first=1&tsc=ImageBasicHove

r

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph Website: lrmds.depednodis.net