CELLULAR RESPIRATIONSTAGE 2: PYRUVATE OXIDATION & CITRIC ACID CYCLE

H C

C O

C

H

O

O-

H

Pyruvate

X2 Pyruvate is shuttled through the mitochondrial membranes and into

the matrix

in the matrix

H C

C O

C

H

O

O-

H

Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate

X2

NAD+

S CoA

CO Counter

0 2

Energy Counter

0 ATP0 NADH0 FADH2 in the matrix

CO Counter2

X2

Energy Counter

0 ATP

0 FADH

S CoAH+

NADHH

H C

C O

H

H

in the matrix

C OO

carbon dioxide

acetyl-CoA

Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA

2 NADH 2

2

X2

CO Counter2

S CoA

citrate

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C CO

O-

C H

H O

H

Energy Counter

0 ATP

0 FADH2 NADH

2

The acetyl group joins to oxaloacetate to form citrate

Citrate is rearranged to form isocitrate

2

X2

CO Counter2

Energy Counter

0 ATP

0 FADH2 NADH

isocitrate

H

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C CO

O-

H C HO

2

H+

NADHH

Isocitrate is converted to α-ketoglutarate

X2

CO Counter2

C OO

carbon dioxide

α-ketoglutarate

H

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C

C

H

O

Energy Counter

0 ATP

0 FADH4 NADH 4

2

Energy Counter

6 NADH0 FADH

X2

CO Counter2

α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA

NADHH C OO

carbon dioxide

H

H C

C

H

O

O-

C

C

H

O

S CoA

succinyl CoA

H+

2

0 ATP6

P P

6

X2

CO Counter2

succinyl-CoA loses coenzyme A to become succinate

Energy Counter

6 NADH0 FADH2

P P

GDP

2 ATP

ATPP P P

A free floating phosphate group is added to a GDP molecule to make

GTP.

GTP reverts to GDP and transfers the phosphate group to an ADP to

produce an ATP molecule.

H C

C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

H H

succinate

6

X2

CO Counter2

Succinate is converted to fumarate

FADH2

Energy Counter

6 NADH2 ATP

2 FADH2

H C

C

C

C

O

O

O-

O-

H

H

H

H

fumarate

Fumarate is converted to malate

6

X2

CO Counter2

Energy Counter

6 NADH2 ATP

2 FADH2

O H

H C

C

C

C

O

O

O-

O-

H

H

malate

NADHH

Malate is converted to oxaloacetate

6

X2

CO Counter2

H+

Energy Counter

2 ATP

2 FADH2

8 NADH oxaloacetate

H C

CO

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

6

X2

CO Counter2

The Kreb Cycle is complete

Energy Counter

8 NADH2 ATP

2 FADH2

oxaloacetate

H C

CO

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

OVERVIEWPyruvate Oxidation

X2

C OO

carbondioxideacetyl-CoA

S CoA

H C

C O

H

H

NADH H+

H+

H

Pyruvate

H C

C O

C

H

O

O-

H

H C

CO

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

oxaloacetate

S CoA

H C

C O

H

H

acetyl-CoA

citrate

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C CO

O-

C H

H O

H

S CoA

succinyl CoA

H

H C

C

H

O

O-

C

C

H

O

S CoA

C

O

O

CO2

OVERVIEWKreb’s Cycle X2

H

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C

C

H

O

α-ketoglutarate

isocitrate

H

H C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

C CO

O-

H C HO

CO

O

CO2

ATPP P P

P P

ADP

P

GDP

P P

P P P

GTPP

S CoA

H

H

FADH 2 FAD

H H

O

Water

NADH

NAD+

H

H+

NAD+NADH

H

H+

S CoA

succinate

H C

C

C

C

H

O

O

O-

O-

H H

malate

O H

H C

C

C

C

O

O

O-

O-

H

H

fumarate

H C

C

C

C

O

O

O-

O-

H

NADH

NAD+

H

H+

Products ofKreb’s Cycle

X2

ATP

P P P

C OO

2 CO

C OO

2

3 NADH

H

H

H

FADH 2

H

H

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Citrate

Isocitrate

a ketoglutarate

Succinyl CoA

Succinate

Fumarate

Malate

Oxyloacetate