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Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a Fiscally Constrained Environment
Mr. Dyke WeatheringtonOUSD(AT&L)/PSA
Deputy Director, Unmanned Warfare
Cleared for Public Release11-S-1327
DoD UAS Funding (RDT&E and Procurement)
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500500055006000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Prior to 2005PB05 $MPB06 $MPB07 $MPB08 $MPB09 $MPB10 $MPB11 $MPB12 $M+ FY 11 OCO $M
2
FY2011
Does not include Group 1 UAS
DoD UAS Flight Hours(By Department, By Fiscal Year)
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000600000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
AIR FORCE ARMY NAVY & USMC Est for FY11 Qtrs 2-4
Flight Hours
As of December 31, 2010
3
Unmanned Aircraft SystemsMission Areas
LongEndurance
Group 5 • > 1320 lbs • > FL180
Persistent
Group 4 • > 1320 lbs • < FL180
Tactical
Group 3 • < 1320 lbs • < FL180 • < 250 kts
Small Tactical
Group 2• 21-55 lbs • < 3500 AGL • < 250 kts
Micro/MiniTactical
Group 1 • 0-20 lbs • < 1200 AGL• < 100 kts
N
Stri
ke C
apab
le
ISR
/ D
ata
Rel
ay P
latfo
rms
Incr
easi
ng P
erfo
rman
ce, P
aylo
ad, &
Veh
icle
Siz
e
2011 Increasing Reach, C2, Autonomy, & Complexity 2035+
Air Force RQ-4 Global Hawk Navy MQ-4 BAMS
Air Force MQ-La/b
Air Force MQ-Lc
Air Force MQ-9
Reaper
Air Force MQ-1 Predator
Army MQ-1C Gray Eagle
Air Force MQ-X
Army / Navy / USMC VTOL
Navy MRMUASNavy MQ-8 Fire Scout
Navy UCAS FAA-XX
Navy UCAS-DArmy MQ-5 Hunter
Army / USMC / SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow
Navy / USMC/ Air Force /
SOCOM ScanEagle
Army / Navy / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-11 Raven
SOCOM EUAS (FW)
Navy /USMC RQ-21A STUAS
SOCOM EUAS
(VTOL)
SOCOM Puma
Army gMAVNavy T-Hawk
Navy / Air Force / SOCOM
Wasp
Small Family of Systems
Nano UAS
Black: Programs of RecordRed: Future concepts
4
Navy UCLASS
DoD Unmanned Aircraft Systems (As of 1 SEPT 2010)
General Groupings Depiction Name (Vehicles/GCS) Capability/Mission Command Level
Group 5 • > 1320 lbs • > FL180
9/320/65/2
54/61**MQ-1/MQ-9
same GCS
ISR/MDA (USN)ISRISR/BMC2
ISR/RSTA/EW/PREC STRIKE/FORCE PROT
JFACC/AOC-TheaterJFACC/AOC-TheaterJFACC/AOC-Theater
JFACC/AOC- Supports Corps, Div, Brig, SOF
Group 4 • > 1320 lbs • < FL180
161/61*26/24
2/09/78/3
25/16
ISR/RSTA/PREC STRIKE/ FORCE PROT (MQ-1C Only-C3/LG)Demonstration OnlyISR/RSTA/ASW/ASUW/MIW/OMCM/ISR/EOD/FORCE PROT
ISR/RSTA/BDA
JFACC/AOC-Supports Corps, Division & BrigadeNAFleet/Ship
Corps, Division & Brigade
Group 3 • < 1320 lbs • < FL180 • < 250 kts
364/262
0/0
ISR/RSTA/BDA
ISR/RSTA/BDA
Brigade Combat TeamSmall Unit
Small Unit/Ship
Group 2• 21-55 lbs • < 3500 AGL • < 250 kts
122/39 ISR/RSTA/FORCE PROT Small Unit/Ship
Group 1 • 0-20 lbs • < 1200 AGL• < 100 kts
5346/3291
916/323
39/26
377/194
ISR/RSTA
ISR/RSTA
ISR/RSTA
ISR/RSTA/EOD
Small Unit
USAF/USN RQ-4A Global Hawk/BAMS-D Blk 10USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 20/30USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 40USAF MQ-9 Reaper
USAF MQ-1B PredatorUSA MQ-1 Warrior/MQ-1C Gray Eagle
USN MQ-8B Fire Scout VTUAV SOCOM / DARPA / USA / USMC A160T Hummingbird
USA MQ-5 Hunter
USA / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow
USN / SOCOM / USMCRQ-21A ScanEagle
USA / USN / USMC / SOCOM RQ-11 Raven
USN/USMC STUAS
SOCOM SUAS AECV Puma
USA gMAV / USN T-Hawk
USMC/ SOCOM Wasp
USN UCAS- CVN Demo
5
DoD Acquisition Challenges
• Acquisition Efficiencies & Affordability
• Interoperability
• Airspace Access
• Frequency Spectrum
• Cost Control
• Acquisition Performance
• Technology Transition
• Sustainment Planning
Our program managers should be scrutinizing every element of program costs, assessing whether each element can be reduced relative to the year before, challenging learning curves, dissecting overheads and indirect costs, and targeting cost reduction with profit incentives - in short, executing to what the program should cost.
Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L) Memo to Acquisition Professionals, Better Buying Power, Sept 2010
6
A
InteroperabilityAutonomy
Communications
Airspace Integration
Training
Propulsion & Power
Manned –Unmanned
Teaming
FarMedium
Near
Meeting the ChallengesUnmanned System Roadmap
ArchitectureMigration
Policy& TrustWeaponization
Affordability &Manpower Reduction
ServiceOriented Architecture
AutonomyInterop.
Security & SpectrumDeconfliction
BandwidthEfficiencies
Standards
TTPs &CONOPs
HumanSystemInterface Simulation
Fidelity
COA &Policy
Sense &Avoid
Dynamic Ops
ExtremeEndurance
OpticalComms
CrossDomain
Sense &Adapt
Fuel Cell
High Efficiency
ScalableTransparentControl
7
Improved UAS Airspace Access
• UAS are integral to our National Defense and National Security strategies and our crisis/disaster relief plans.
• National Airspace System (NAS) access is needed to support growing UAS operational, training, and R&D requirements .
• Technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions are needed to deliver incremental capabilities leading to routine access.
• Solutions developed for NAS access will become enablers for increased international access.
8
UAS Airspace Access Activities
• Developed DoD Airspace Integration Plan
• Developing safety data sharing MOA and MOU between DoD and FAA
• Participate in the multi-agency UAS ExCom activities.– Developed the UAS NAS Access Plan
– Supported the UAS COA Working Group Phase 1 activity• Developed and implemented process improvements
• Addressed 14 issues identified by Services
– Supporting UAS COA Working Group Phase 2 activities• Policy and procedure changes to increase near term access
• Clarify FAA’s and DoD authorities
• Reduce COA request workload
9
COA WG Phase 2Issue Summary Matrix
Issues
1 Multiple Unmanned/Manned Ops in Class D2 COA expiration (12 months)3 Small UAS Operations in Class G Airspace4 Disaster Relief (one UA in a facility’s airspace)5 Access to FIRs and Arctic Region Airspace
6 Risk Mitigations for Remote Area Operations7 Define Incident/Accident8 Class D notifications/transition to SUA9 No ExCom Visibility on LOA/MOAs
10 Chase Aircraft Requirements
11 FAA Regulatory Authority in FIRs* Validation will require considerable more time. Not covered in recommendation** Validation will be required before sub-group activity
10
• Interoperability• Software Reuse• Scalable• Distributable• Standard interfaces
COST SAVINGS
IMPROVED WARFIGHTER CAPABILITYRISK REDUCTION
• Break Apart GCS Architecture to Enable Small Businesses to Compete
• Create a Joint Service Repository to Support Software Reuse Across Systems
• Successive Spirals Produce Common Components• Developing a Framework and Method for Certification
and Test of Reusable Components
• Standard Interfaces• Open, Scalable Architecture
• Acquisition Flexibility• Reduced System Development and
Maintenance Costs
• Cross-Service Interoperability• Adoption of “Best of Breed” Solutions• Rapid Integration and Fielding
Rapid Deployment of Reliable Systems
InteroperabilityUAS Control Segment (UCS) Architecture
OUSD/AT&L ADM
Published
Dr. Carter Acquisition Guidance - On September 14, 2010, Dr. Ashton Carter issued a guidance memorandum on “Better Buying Power: Guidance for Obtaining Greater Efficiency and Productivity in Defense Spending.” Dr. Carter guidance requires “open systems architectures and set rules for acquisition of technical data rights.” An open architecture, like UCS, enables real competition between subsystem suppliers. By crisply defining modular interfaces, it enables subsystem reuse across DoD systems.
11
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains.
SOA provides: (1) A uniform means to offer interactions with various vendors (2) Cost savings in Total Cost of Ownership (TOC) (3) Tool for Increasing Interoperability.
SOA-Enabled
“Agile”
Pre-SOA“Customized”
Moving Stove-Pipe System to a Open Market
Common Control – Core Autonomy – Interoperable Data 12
UCS Accomplishments and Community Status
OUSD/AT&L ADM
Published
UCS Architecturev0.5
Released
UCS ArchV1.0
Released
UCS ArchV2.0 to BeReleased
UCSIndustry
DaysUCS ArchV2.1 FinalReleased
Additional Demo
ConsolidatedDemo with
Army, Navy, AF
UCS ArchV2.0
Kickoff
Feb 2009 May 2009 Dec 2009 Jun 2010 Aug 2010 Oct 2010 Feb 2011 April 2011 Aug 2011
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IWP ServiceDev
Complete
**Complete Phase I**All UAS Standards needed to migrate
the PoR to UCS Architecture
Article on UCS Architecture Published in AUVSI Unmanned Daily News• Distributed to Conference Attendees as They Enter the Colorado Convention Center
• Made Available at the AUVSI Oral Presentations and Dropped at Exhibitor Stands
• Unmanned Daily News Sent Via an E-newsletter to AUVSI's Full Distribution List (Approximately 21,000)
• Available Via AUVSI.org and Flightglobal.com
Public Websitehttp://www.ucsarchitecture.org
UCS Migrate Plan for the PoR
Cleared for Open 1311-S-1201
Program of Record (PoR) Migration Plans
BAMS GH PredatorArmyONE
FireScout
Army OneBAMS/ GH
TCS
• Evolutionary Approach – Not Big Bang!
• Plans for Migration of Current and In-Development Systems to the UCS Architecture Are In-Progress for All Services
2009 ADM resulted in the cooperation from DoD Services and Industry partners.
Migration Plan
Service Development
14
Take Away Message
• “Unmanned Aircraft Systems will
compete well in a fiscally constrained
environment if we pay attention to
controlling costs, development,
acquisition, and sustainment”
15