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TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES—MTSU

FOURTH GRADE RESOURCE GUIDE

SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS

The Library of Congress Web site offers a variety of sources that align with the Tennessee Social Studies standards for fourth grade. Many of the items found within this resource guide can be used directly with students while oth-ers will provide background information to aid teachers as they engage students with primary sources. When in-troducing primary sources to young students, begin with asking them “What do you see?”. This is a great way to begin building observation skills and helping students to draw connections between their own experiences and source material used in class.

THE LAND AND PEOPLE BEFORE EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

4.1 Describe the legacy and cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee including the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian:

Spiro Mounds Site, 18154 First Street, Spiro, Le Flore County, OK

Mound Builders Gathering Their Crops

[Ancient Indian burial mounds. Moundsville, W.Va.] Great Mound at Grave Creek

[Ancient Indian burial mounds. Moundsville, W.Va.] Group of Sepulchral Mounds

Mound Builders Gathering Their Crops [1892] 4.3 Create a visual display using multiple

forms of media to identify with pictures geographic terms including bluffs, swamps, isthmus, gulf, sea, bay, and cape.

[Scotts Bluff, Nebraska]

[Dover Bluffs, Me.]

Swamp

Swamp, Lafayette, Louisiana

The Chickahominy Swamp

Gorontalo Bay

Melbourne Bay

Capes Trinity & Eternity, Saguenay River

Cape Torment, St. Lawrence River

AAge of Exploration (15th-16th Centuries)

Students trace the routes of early explorers and describe the early ex-plorations of the Americas.

4.4 Trace the routes of early explorers and describe the early explora-tions of the Americas, including:

Christopher Columbus

Images of Christopher Columbus and His Voyages: Selec-tions from the Collections of the Library of Congress

Exploring the Early Americas: Columbus and the Taino

Christopher Columbus (10-minute silent film that reen-acts scenes from his life, including the discovery of Ameri-ca

Teacher’s Guide: Hispanic Exploration in America

1492: An Ongoing Voyage exhibition examines the first sustained contacts between American people and Europe-an explorers, conquerors, and settlers from 1492 – 1600.

Continued on page 2

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4.4 Trace the routes of early explorers and describe the early explorations of the Americas, including:

Christopher Columbus

America’s Story, “Christopher Columbus Saw Land!”

Parallel Histories: Spain, United States and the American Frontier

Ferdinand Magellan

America’s Story: Living in a New World

Timeline of European Exploration

Crossing the Pacific (Today in History) (scroll down)

Ferdinand Magellan

Spanish Explorations

Amerigo Vespucci

Discovery of the American continent by Americus

Amerigo Vespucci, 1451 – 1512

Robert de La Salle

Avantures mal-heureuses du Sieur de la Salle /The Unhappy

Adventures of La Salle

France in America: Chronology

From the St. Lawrence Valley to the Great Plains (17th-18th C.)

France in America (Collection Connections)

Imperial Rivalries

Hernando de Soto

Hernando De Soto

Landing of De Soto in Florida

Crossing on an Indian Bridge

Indian princess presenting a necklace of pearls to de Soto

Florida with the march of de Soto and his men, 1539-1544 (map)

DeSoto discovering the Mississippi

Henry Hudson

Henry Hudson descending the Hudson River

Henry Hudson The celebrated and unfortunate navigator, abandoned by his crew in Hudson’s Bay the 11th of June 1610

Henry Hudson’s Half Moon, 1609

America’s Story: Henry Hudson and His Crew Sailed into the River that Would Bear His Name

Henry Hudson’s two final voyages in search of a Northwest Passage (map)

Hudson’s exploratory voyage of 1609 to the eastern shore of North America (map)

Wise Guide: He Sailed the Half Moon

The Atlantic World: America and the Netherlands (Collection Connections)

Spanish explorations [1904]

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Jacques Cartier

America’s Story: Jacques Cartier Sailed Up the St. Lawrence River June 9, 1534

Jacques Cartier, his first interview with the Indians at Hochelaga now Montreal in 1535

Cartier ascending the St. Lawrence

Today in History: Jacques Cartier Sails Upriver (scroll down)

France in America: Chronology

France in America (Collection Connections)

Franquelin's map of Louisiana. [1896-1901]

Settling the Colonies to The 1700s

Students describe the cooperation and conflict that existed among American Indians and between the Indian nations and the new set-tlers. Students understand the political, religious, social, and eco-nomic institutions that evolved in the colonial era.

4.7 Summarize the failure of the lost colony of Roanoke and theorize what happened.

America’s Story: The Lost Colony

Ill-fated Roanoke Colony

Colonial Settlement, 1600s-1763 (Timeline)

Colonial and Early America: For Students

4.8 Describe the early competition between Europe-an nations for control of North America and locate the colonization efforts of the English, Dutch, French, and Spanish on a map.

Colonial Settlement, 1600s-1763 (Timeline)

Colonial and Early America (Themed Resources)

France in America (Collection Connections)

The Capital and the Bay: Narratives of Washing-ton and the Chesapeake Bay Region ca. 1600-1925

Parallel Histories: Spain, United States and the American Frontier (Collection Connections)

The Atlantic World: America and the Nether-lands

Hispanic Exploration in America (Primary Source Set)

The Atlantic World: The Dutch in America

France in America

A map of the British plantations on the continent of North America

4.9 Compare and contrast the differing views of American Indians and colonists on ownership or use of land and the conflicts between them, including the Pequot and King Philip’s Wars in New England.

The figure of the Indians’ fort or palizado in New Eng-land and the manner of the destroying of it by Captayne Underhill and Captayne Mason

Goffe rallying the men of Hadley [in defense of Indian attack during King Philip’s War, Hadley, Mass., 1675-76]

Phillip [sic] alias Metacomet of Pakanoket

Virginia’s Early Relations with Native Americans

The Province of Georgia in 1740: Economic Progress and Indians

Franco-Indian Alli-ances

The figure of the Indians' fort or palizado in New England and the manner of the destroying it by Captayne Underhill and Cap-

tayne Mason / RH. [1638]

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4.14 Write informative texts identifying major leaders and groups responsible for the founding of colonies in North America and the reasons for their founding, including:

Lord Baltimore, Maryland

A relation of the successfull beginnings of the Lord Baltemore's plantation in Mary-land

Religious & civil liberty established in Maryland in 1649 / designed, engraved & published by James Barry, R.A. Feby. 28 1793.

John Smith, Virginia

Jamestown (Primary Source Set)

The generall historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles

Roger Williams, Rhode Island

America’s Story “Roger Williams, Founder of Rhode Island, Ar-rived in Boston”

America’s Story “Roger Williams and a group of religious fol-lowers founded the town of Providence”

... The story of Roger Williams and the founding of Rhode Is-land, by Etta V. Leighton.

Memoir of Roger Williams, the founder of the state of Rhode-Island. By James D. Knowles.

John Winthrop, Massachusetts

Gov. John Winthrop -- In honor of the birthday of Governor John Winthrop, born June 12, 1587

The fifth half century of the arrival of John Winthrop

A sketch of the life of John Winthrop, the younger, founder of Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1633, by Thomas Franklin Waters.

Reading for children. (Subjects-Winthrop, John, 1588-1649)

Who was the first governor of Massachusetts? / by Joseph B. Felt.

William Bradford, Plymouth

Gov. Bradford's history of Plymouth Colony.

[Signing of the compact in the cabin of the Mayflower]

Thanksgiving (Primary Source Set)

James Oglethorpe, Georgia

Biographical memorials of James Oglethorpe, founder of the colony of Georgia in North America.

Establishing the Georgia Colony

A brief account of the establishment of the colony of Georgia, under Gen. James Oglethorpe, Feb-ruary 1, 1733.

Religious & civil liberty established in Maryland in 1649 / designed, en-graved & published by James Barry, R.A. Feby. 28 1793.

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William Penn, Pennsylvania

William Penn

Biographical sketch of William Penn, the found-er of Pennsylvania/

Narratives of early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630-1707, ed. by Albert Cook Myers … (includes details of the surren-der of New Sweden and map)

The landing of William Penn / J.L.G. Ferris

William Penn's treaty with the Indians, when he founded the province of Pennsylvania in North America 1681 / Benj. West pinxit ; John Boydell excudit 1775 ; John Hall sculpsit.

William Penn's treaty with the Indians, when he founded the province of Pennsylvania in North America 1681 / Benj. West pinxit ; John Boydell excudit 1775 ; John Hall sculp-sit.

4.16 Making use of primary documents, analyze the early democratic ideas and practices that emerged during the colonial period, including the significance of representative assemblies and town meetings and contrast these with the pres-ence of enslavement in all colonies.

The Mayflower compact and its signers, with facsimiles and a list of the Mayflower passengers, 1620-1920, by George Ernest Bowman...in commemoration of the signing of the compact, 21 November, 1620.

Slavery in New Netherland

4.17 Describe the major religious tenets of the earliest colonies, including:

Puritanism in Massachusetts

(Puritans going to church)

Religion and the Founding of the American Republic - America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 1

Religion and the Founding of the American Republic - America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 2

The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution

Quakerism in Pennsylvania

Penn’s Frame of Government

The Quaker colony; penned and pictured by Blanche McManus.

Quaker Book of Discipline

Quaker Meeting

A brief account of the Province of Pennsilvania in America, lately granted under the great seal of England to William Penn, &c ... [Signed] William Penn [1682?].

Fac-simile of Holmes-map of the province of Pennsylvania : with the names of the original purchasers from William Penn, begun in 1681. (map)

To the Honorable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esquires, true and absolute proprietaries and Governors of the Province of Pennsylvania and the territories thereunto belonging and to the Honorable John Penn, Esquire, Lieutenant-Governor of the same, this map. Of the Prov-ince of Pennsylvania. (map)

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4.20 Explain the impact of individuals who creat-ed interest in land west of the Appalachian Moun-tains, including:

Bowles's new pocket map of North America, divided into it's prov-inces, colonies, states, &c. [1784]

4.19 Locate and label on a map the location of Jamestown, Plymouth, New Netherland, New Sweden, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

A general topography of North America and the West Indies.

A new and accurate map of the colony of Massachusets [i.e. Massachusetts] Bay, in North America, from a late survey.

North America including the British colo-nies and the territories of the United States

An accurate map of the English colonies in North America bordering on the river Ohio

Bowles's new pocket map of North Ameri-ca, divided into its provinces, colonies, states, &c.

The Atlantic World: New Netherland

Daniel Boone (Tennessee Encyclopedia of His-tory and Culture)

Daniel Boone

Daniel Boone Protects his Family

Daniel Boone and his Friends Res-cuing his Daughter Jemima

Daniel Boone, and the Hunters of Kentucky

Colonel Boone’s Autobiography

Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road

Today in History: Boone First Saw Forests of Kentucky

The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750 -1820

Thomas Sharpe Spencer (Tennessee Encyclo-pedia of History and Culture)

Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read:

Excerpts from John Smith’s Starving Time:

Excerpts from Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation

Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Consider:

Excerpts from the Mayflower Compact:

The War for Independence (1760-1789) Students explain the causes, course, and consequences of the American Revolution and the foundations of the future state of Tennessee.

4.21 Describe the various contributions made by Benjamin Frank-lin to the development of a unique American society, including his scientific experiments and inventions, the development of the Albany Plan and the Join or Die political cartoon.

Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words

Finding Franklin: A Resource Guide

Benjamin Franklin (America’s Story)

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

4.22 Describe the causes, course, and consequences of the French and Indian War, including the massacre at Fort Loudoun.

Web Guide to the French and Indian War

Pictorial Americana: French and Indian War

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4.23 Explain how political, religious, and economic ide-as and interests brought about the Revolution, includ-ing:

Events related to the formation of the United States. (timeline)

Resistance to Imperial Policy (Proclamation of 1763)

British Reforms and Colonial Resistance (1763 – 1766)

New map of the Province of Quebec, ac-cording to the Royal Proclamation, of the 7th of October 1763.

The Stamp Act

The Stamp Act, 1765

The Stamp Act Denounced

The Townshend Acts

British Reforms and Colonial Resistance, 1767 – 1772 (also for taxes on tea)

Taxes on Tea

The Colonies Move Toward Open Rebel-lion, 1773 - 1774

Coercive Acts

The Colonies Move Toward Open Rebel-lion, 1773 - 1774

4.24 Explain the different forms of protests Americans used to try to change British policies including the Boston Tea Party, tarring and feathering, letter writing, and boycotts.

Declaration of Rights and Grievances, October 14, 1774

4.25 Write a short summary of the events of Tennessee’s first settlement and settlers, including the Watauga Pur-chase, Watauga Compact, Little Carpenter, and Dragging Canoe.

The annals of Tennessee to the end of the eighteenth century: comprising its settlement, as the Watauga as-sociation, from 1769 to 1777: a part of North-Carolina, from 1777 to 1784:

The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820

4.26 Describe the significance of the First and Second Con-tinental Congresses and of the Committees of Correspond-ence.

Premiere assemblée du congrès / dessiné par le Barbier Peintre du Roi ; gravé par Godefroy de l'Academie Im-ple. et Royale de Vienne &c. (Print shows session of the First Continental Congress, September 1774, in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)

The Thomas Jefferson Papers, 1606-1827

The Continental Association, October 20, 1774

Declaration of Rights and Grievances, October 14, 1774

Benjamin Franklin in His Own Words: Continental Congress

Journals of the Continental Congress

Primary Documents in American History: Declaration of Independence

Letter from Massachusetts Provincial Congress, May 3, 1775

Sam Adams / engd. by W. G. Jackman. [1857]

4.28 Identify the people and events associated with the Declaration of Independence and cite evidence from the Declaration to determine its significance to the development of American Democracy.

Creating the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

Painting by Trumbull, black & white version

America’s Story

Declaring Independence: Drafting the Documents

Founding Documents Primary Source Set & Links Guide (from TPS-MTSU)

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4.29 Analyze the influences of key leaders during this period, including:

• Patrick Henry

[Patrick Henry, half-length portrait]

Give me liberty, or give me death!” (Currier & Ives)

• Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton

• Thomas Jefferson

Portrait

Thomas Jefferson Exhibition

The Thomas Jefferson Papers, 1606-1827

Declaration of Independence: Right to Institute a New Government

Thomas Jefferson: a Resource Guide

• George Washington

George Washington: First in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of His Country-men (lesson plan)

Web Guide

America’s Story: Independence and the Presidency

George Washington, full-length portrait, with right arm extended holding sword, on horseback.

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin in His Own Words

The French Alliance, May 4, 1778

America’s Story

Head and shoulders portrait

• Thomas Paine

Half-length portrait

Common Sense

Thomas Paine writes “The American Crisis” December 1776

• John Adams

Portrait

America’s Story

Sam Adams

Portrait

Portrait

Congress Voting on the Declaration of Independence

"Give me liberty, or give me death!" Patrick Henry delivering his great speech on the rights of the colo-nies, before the Virginia Assembly, convened at Rich-mond, March 23rd 1775, concluding with the above sentiment, which became the war cry of the revolu-tion.

• John Hancock

Portrait

America’s Story

John Hancock’s Defiance (Currier & Ives)

Top Treasure (Resolution in the Hand of John Hancock)

• Benedict Arnold

Portrait

Benedict Arnold, 1741-1801

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4.31 Locate and identify the major military battles, campaigns, and turning points of the American Revolution, in-cluding:

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789

Lexington and Concord

Depositions Concerning Lexington and Concord, April 1775

A British Officer at Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775

New-York, Sunday 23d April, 1775. The following interesting advices, were this day received here, by two vessels from Newport, and by an express by land [The first news of the battle of Lexington and Concord] [New York, 1775].

First Shots of War, 1775

Bunker (Breed’s) Hill

Battle of Bunker Hill, map

Battle of Bunker Hill by E. Percy Moran

Battle Scene at Bunker Hill, drawing

History of the Battle of Bunker's (Breed's) Hill, on June 17, 1775, from authentic sources in print and manuscript / by George E. Ellis.

View of the Attack on Bunker’s Hill, with the burning of Charles Town, June 17, 1775.

Valley Forge

Washington at Valley Forge, painting

Valley Forge Encampment, Dec. 19, 1777 to June 18, 1778, map

Baron Von Steuben Drilling Washington’s army at Valley Forge

Washington Describes the Continental Army at Valley Forge, Winter 1777-1778

Princeton and Trenton

Plan of the operations of General Washington, against the Kings troops in New Jersey, from the 926th, of December, 1776, to the 3d. January 1777.

Washington Describes Victory at Princeton, January 5, 1777

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789

Saratoga

Victory at the Battle of Saratoga, October – November 1777

Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga N.Y. Oct. 17th, 1777

Burgoyne’s Surrender at Saratoga, painting

Plan of the position which the army under Lt. Genl. Burgoyne took at Saratoga, on the 10th of September 1777, and in which it remained till the convention was signed

Yorktown

Defense Mapping Agency Bicentennial commemorative memento of the Battle of Yorktown : to His Excellency Gen'l Washington, commander in chief of the armies of the United States of America, this plan of the investment of York and Gloucester has been surveyed and laid down, and is most humbly dedicated.

The Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown A.D. 1781

Washington Before Yorktown, painting

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The women of '76: "Molly Pitcher" the heroine of Monmouth [1856]

4.32 Draw evidence from informational text summa-rizing the contributions of France and certain individ-uals to the outcome of the American Revolution in-cluding the Marquis de Lafayette, Kósciuszko, and Baron von Steuben.

Bust portrait of Marquis de Lafayette.

Lafayette, painting

Portrait print showing Tadeusz Kościuszko in plumed hat, wearing two medals, one for the So-ciety of the Cincinnati.

Polish Declarations: About the Collection

4.33 Write an opinion piece with supporting details contrasting how the ideals set forth in the Declaration of Independence clashed with the existence of slavery.

Franklin on Slavery

Jefferson Argues to Free Slaves

Sparking Anti-Slavery Sentiment in America

Call for the Abolition of Slavery

4.34 Explain using supporting details how the Revo-lution affected the Watauga Settlement, including:

Cherokee War of 1776

Two Continental Congress Addresses to the Six Nations, 1776-1777

John Sevier

Life of General John Sevier

John Sevier as a commonwealth-builder.

Lafayette [1851]

4.35 Integrate evidence from several texts describing the different roles women played during the Revolution in-cluding Abigail Adams, Molly Pitcher, Phyllis Wheatley, and Mercy Otis Warren.

Letters of Mrs. Adams

The boy's book of battle-lyrics; a collection of verses illustrating some notable events in the history of the United States of America, from the colonial period to the outbreak of the sectional war, by Thos. Dunn Eng-lish ... with historical notes and numerous engravings of persons, scenes, and places. (“Battle of Monmouth” on pp. 103-108, with engraving of Molly firing cannon on p.108)

The battle of Monmouth (“The Heroine of Mon-mouth” on pp. 83-84)

Molly Pitcher firing cannon at Battle of Monmouth] / E. Percy Moran.

America’s Story

Molly Pitcher [i.e. Molly McCauley loading cannon at Battle of Monmouth, 1778]

The women of '76: "Molly Pitcher" the heroine of Monmouth

Mercy Otis Warren: Observations on the New Constitu-tion, and on the Federal and State Conventions, by a Colum-bian Patriot.

Thomas Jefferson’s Library - History of the Rise, Pro-gress and Termination of the American Revolution

Examine the featured book in the “Memory” (History) section and view the pages of History of the Rise, Pro-gress, and Termination of the American Revolution, which chronicles events of that period. (interactive presenta-tion)

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4.36 Explain the purpose and obstacles in creating the new Cumberland Settlement, including:

The history of Kentucky : including an account of the discovery, settlement, progressive improvement, political and military events, and present state of the country

Richard Henderson

Richard Henderson and the occupation of Kentucky, 1775.

Richard Henderson: the authorship of the Cumberland com-pact and the founding of Nashville. By Archibald Henderson.

Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read:

Declaration of Independence

Selected Letters from Abigail Adams

Letters of Mrs. Adams

Equal Franchise Society Legislative Series; extract from a letter from Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams (“Remember the ladies”)

Selected poetry of Phyllis Wheatley

Poems on various subjects, religious and moral.

The history of Kentucky : including an account of the discovery, settlement, pro-gressive improvement, politi-cal and military events, and present state of the country [1812]

Creating a New Government

Students describe the people and events associated with the development of the Constitution.

Exhibition - Creating the United States: Road to the Constitution

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789

4.37 Analyze the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, including no power to tax, weak central govern-ment, and the impact of Shays’ Rebellion.

Articles of Confederation and perpetual union…

Web Guides - The Articles of Confederation

America’s Library - “The Articles of Confederation Were Adopted”

Blog: “The Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution of the United States”

The committee consisting of [blank] to whom was referred the motion of Mr. Monroe, submit the following report : That the first paragraph of the ninth of the Articles of Confederation be altered, so as to read thus, viz. ... That the following letter be addressed to the legislatures of the several states, showing the principles on which the above alteration is proposed. ...

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. By His excellency, James Bowdoin, Esquire, Governour of the Common-wealth of Massachusetts, an address to the good people of the commonwealth [Two columns regarding Shays' rebellion]

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. By His excellency John Hancock, Esquire Governour of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. A proclamation [Against the "present traiterous opposition to the laws" i. e. Shays' rebellion]

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4.39 Identify the various leaders of the Constitu-tional Convention and analyze the major issues they debated, including:

Lesson plan: Continuity and Change in the Governing of the United States

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789: Convention and Ratification (Timeline)

Exhibition: Creating the United States: Creating the United States Constitution

Lesson Plan: Drafting a More Perfect Union

The Constitution: Teacher’s Guide

Papers of William Paterson on the Federal con-vention, 1787

Distribution of Power between the States and Federal Government

[Oliver Ellsworth, full-length portrait, standing, facing right, left hand on stack of books]

[Photograph of portrait of Oliver Ellsworth, half-length, facing slightly right]

Lesson Plan: The Federalist Debates: Balancing Power Between State and Federal Govern-ments

Great Compromise

“Great Compromise” Saves the Convention

Slavery and the 3/5 Compromise

The Northwest Ordinance Prohibits Slavery

Exhibition: Creating the United States: Creating the United States Constitution—Representation

George Washington and James Madison

James Madison and the Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789: General George Washington

Convention at Philadelphia, 1787

Convention at Philadelphia, 1787

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. By His excellency John Hancock, Esquire Governour of the Common-wealth of Massachusetts. A proclamation [Against the "present traiterous opposition to the laws" i. e. Shays' rebellion]

[Proclamation by the State of Pennsylvania offering reward for Daniel Shays and 3 other rebellion ringleaders. Signed by Benjamin Franklin]

“The Source of the Evil is the Nature of the Government”

The House of Representatives, U.S. Capitol, Washington,

D.C. / lith. by E. Sachse & Co.

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4.40 Explain the ratification process and describe the conflict between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratification, including the need for a Bill of Rights.

Exhibition: Creating the United States: Convention and Ratification

The looking glass for 1787. A house divided against itself cannot stand. Mat. chap. 13th verse 26

4.41 Describe the principles embedded in the Constitu-tion, including:

Constitution of the United States

Purposes of government listed in the Pream-ble

Blog: The Preamble to the Constitu-tion: Making Inferences About In-tent Using Two Drafts from the Library of Congress

Debates in the Convention of the State of Pennsylvania

Separation of powers

Exhibit: Creating the United States: Executive

Exhibit: Creating the United States: War Powers

The amendment process

Exhibit: Creating the United States: The Bill of Rights

4.43 Describe the events, precedents, and successes of the presidency of George Washington and list his cabinet members.

America’s Story: Independence and the Presidency

America’s Story: George Washington

Web Guide: Washington’s First In-augural Address

Lesson Plan: The George Washington Presidency

George Washing-ton: A Resource Guide

Constitution of the United States [1787]

George Washington / painted by G. Stuart ; engraved by H.S. Sadd, N.Y.

4.44 Explain the purpose for creating the federal dis-trict of Washington D.C., including the role of Pierre L’Enfant.

Locating the National Capital

Location of Capital Spurs Partisan Bickering

Capital Location Negotiated

4.45 Label and locate the Territory South of the River Ohio (Southwest Territory) on a map, identify its leaders, and explain how it was the first step to state-hood, including William Blount, John Sevier, Rocky Mount, and the Treaty of Holston.

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789: Wil-liam Blount

4.47 Detail the events, struggles, success and main people of the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase and map the routes across the continent, including the Corps of Discovery, Lewis and Clark, Sacagawea, Zebulon Pike, and John Frémont.

Exhibitions List

America’s Story: Lewis and Clark

America’s Story: The Story of Sacagawea

America’s Story: Lewis and Clark Meet the Sho-shone

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4.49 Explain the causes, course, and consequences of the War of 1812, including:

Tecumseh

Tecumseh Saving Prisoners

Tecumseh/B. & E. sc.; S.W.

Tippecanoe

Battle of Tippecanoe

The Tippecanoe Quick Step

Battle of Tippecanoe

William Henry Harrison

America’s Story: William Henry Harrison

Gen. William Henry Harrison/lith. of En-dicott

William Henry Harrison

Burning of Washington D.C.

Sir George Cockburn, G.C.B.

Capture and burning of Washington by the British, in 1814

Francis Scott Key

Star Spangled Banner

The Star Spangled Banner

The Star spangled banner: national song

Dolly Madison

The reign of Dolly Madison

Mrs. James Madison

Battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans

America’s Story: Winning the Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8th, 1814

4.50 Interpret the meaning of the lyrics of the song “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

The Star spangled banner: national song

Tecumseh saving prisoners [c1860]

4.51 Analyze and describe the role of Tennessee in the War of 1812, including:

Andrew Jackson

America’s Story: Andrew Jackson

America’s Story: Jackson Signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson

Today in History: Treaty of Fort Jackson

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Sketch map of Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Sam Houston

America’s Story: Sam Houston and the Battle for Texas Independence

4.52 Write a short story with supporting text describ-ing the effects of the New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811-12 on the land and people of Tennessee.

Video: “When the Mississippi Ran Backward“

4.53 Write a narrative piece summarizing life on the frontier of Tennessee and reasons why pio-neers moved west, including:

Cumberland Gap

Battle of New Orleans [c1890]

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4.54 Describe and explain the contributions of Sequoyah.

Se-Quo-Yah

Blog post: Celebrating Native American Her-itage: Whispering Giants

4.55 Describe the major events in Jackson’s pres-idency, including the corrupt bargain, the Indian Removal Act, reducing the national debt, pre-serving the union, and abolishing the national bank.

Web Guide: Indian Removal Act

Timeline

Resource Guide: Election of 1824

4.56 Analyze the impact of the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee, detail their resistance to being removed, and map the movement west, including:

John Ross

John Ross, a Cherokee chief

Today in History: Chief John Ross

Trail of Tears

America’s Story

Supreme Court Upholds Cherokee Dispossession

4.57 Analyze and describe the factors of the In-dustrial Revolution occurring in the United States and on Tennessee, including:

Samuel Slater-factory system

America’s Story

America’s Story

Fulton-steamboats

First trip of Fulton’s steamboat to Albany, 1807

Fig. 49, -- the “Clermont,” 1807

Steamer Clermont, first steamboat

Robert Fulton

Eli Whitney-cotton gin

Cotton gins…the machine invented by Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney, half-length portrait, facing slightly left

The First cotton-gin

Whitney’s cotton gin

4.60 Describe and explain the contributions of Vir-ginia Hill and Free Hill, Tennessee, Frances Wright and Nashoba, and Elihu Embree and their efforts to abolish slavery in Tennessee.

Elihu Embree, abolitionist. By Rev. E.E. Hoss

4.61 Describe the characteristics of slave life on plan-tations across the South.

National Expansion and Reform, 1815 – 1880

Slave narratives from the Federal Writers’ Pro-ject, 1936 - 1938

Life on the old plantation in ante-bellum days; or, A story based on facts

4.62 Using informational texts, explain the fight for Texas independence against Mexico and the contribu-tions of Tennesseans Sam Houston and David Crock-ett.

America’s Story: Sam Houston and the Battle for Texas Independence

Battle of the Alamo/Percy Moran

America’s Story: Alamo

Today in History: Remembering the Alamo

Statue of the Chero-kee leader Sequoyah, Cherokee,

North Car-olina

[between 1980 and

2006]

16

4.63 Conduct a short research project detailing the surprise nomination and election of James K. Polk and list his accomplishments in office including Texas statehood, territorial expansion, and one term promise.

Web Guide: James K. Polk

America’s Story: James K. Polk

4.64 Cite evidence from informational texts ex-plaining the causes, course, and consequences of the Mexican War, including Winfield Scott, Zach-ary Taylor, and Mexican session.

Web Guides: Mexican War

Winfield Scott

Major General Winfield Scott

Genl. Scott’ grand entry into the city of Mexi-co, Sept. 14th, 1847

America’s Story: Treaty of Guadalupe

Major General Zachary Taylor

4.65 Identify prominent people and reform move-ments in the United States during the mid-19th century, including:

Dorothea Dix and her quest for prison reform and help for the mentally ill

Dorothea Lynde Dix

Horace Mann and public education

Horace Mann and the public schools in the United States

Horace Mann, head-and-shoulders portrait, three-quarters to right

Horace Mann and the common school revival in the United States

Horace Mann 1796-1859. Thoughts from his writings…

Nat Turner and his resistance to enslavement

America’s Story: Stono’s Rebellion

Horrid massacre in Virginia

Confessions of Nat Turner

Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garri-son and the abolition of slavery

Human Equality. By William Lloyd Garrison.

William Lloyd Garrison

Dorothea Lynde Dix [n.d.]

Selections from the writings and speeches of William Lloyd Garrison

The words of Garrison; a centennial selection

Frederick Douglass Papers at the Li-brary of Congress

Web Guide: Frederick Douglass

Today in History: Frederick Douglass

4.66 Write an expository piece describing the search for gold in California and its impact.

James Marshall, discoverer of gold, at Sutter’s Mill

America’s Story: Pioneer Life in Sacramento

Blog: The Rush for Gold

“California as I Saw It” First-Person Narratives of California’s Early Years, 1849 - 1900

Life in the gold mines, California

The miner’s Ten Commandments

Pictorial Americana: Gold Rush

17

4.67 Explain the events, political debate, and outcome of the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas and Nebraska Act.

Web Guide: Compromise of 1850

The Constitution of the United States, with the acts of Congress, relating to slavery

The genesis of the Kansas-Nebraska act

4.68 Create a visual display using multiple forms of media to name the states and territories. that existed in 1850, their locations, and major geographical features, including mountain ranges, principal rivers, and dominant plant regions.

Map of the United States of America

Disturnell’s new map of the United States and Canada

Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read:

Excerpts from the writings of Frederick Douglass;

Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress

The Equality of All Men Before the Law

Address to the Colored Citizens of the United States

The Color Question

Excerpts of the Autobiography of David Crockett

Life of Col. David Crockett

Disturnell's

new map of

the United

States and

Canada :

showing all

the canals, rail

roads, tele-

graph lines

and principal

stage routes /

[1850]