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UK Air Quality Indicators Janet Dixon Air and Environment Quality Division, Department of Environment, food and Rural Affairs, UK

UK Air Quality Indicators

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UK Air Quality Indicators . Janet Dixon Air and Environment Quality Division, Department of Environment, food and Rural Affairs, UK. Air quality monitoring network. UK Air Pollution Index. Used for providing a public summary of current and forecast air pollution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: UK Air Quality Indicators

UK Air Quality Indicators

Janet DixonAir and Environment Quality Division, Department of Environment, food and

Rural Affairs, UK

Page 2: UK Air Quality Indicators

Air quality monitoring network

Page 3: UK Air Quality Indicators

UK Air Pollution Index• Used for providing a public summary of current and forecast air pollution• 1-10 scale in 4 bands for 5 pollutants - ozone, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO• Produced for all 16 UK zones and largest 16 of the 28 UK agglomerations• Levels reported = highest for any single pollutant• Has health advice associated with each band• Mainly driven by PM10 and O3

• Further information: www.airquality.co.uk/archive/standards.php#band

Page 4: UK Air Quality Indicators

UK Air Pollution IndexO3 NO2 PM10 SO2 CO

µg m-3 (mg m-3 for CO)

8hr running mean or hourly mean

Hourly mean 24 hour running mean

15 minute mean

8 hour running mean

Low(1-3)

0 – 99 0 - 286 0 – 49 0 – 265 0 – 11.5

Moderate (4-6)

100 – 179 287 – 572 50 – 74 266 – 531 11.5 – 17.3

High(7-9)

180 – 359 573 – 763 75 – 99 532 – 1063

17.4 – 23.1

Very high (10)

> 360 > 764 > 100 > 1063 > 23.2

Page 5: UK Air Quality Indicators

UK Air Quality Headline Indicator

• UK Sustainable Development Strategy • One of 15 headline indicators• Developed in 1998, reviewed in 2002• Captures ‘acute’ air quality issues• Counts number of days of moderate or higher (from AP Index)

pollution for 5 ‘acute’ pollutants – ozone, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO• Does not correspond directly to UK Air Quality Strategy

objectives

Page 6: UK Air Quality Indicators

Headline indicator

• Maximum number of sites used is fixed • Pre-1998 – up to 34 urban and 14 rural/remote• 1998 – 34 urban and 14 rural/remote• 2002 – 49 urban and 16 rural/remote

• To be included sites need minimum range of pollutants and data capture (>75%)• Rural – at least O3

• Roadside/kerbside – at least PM10

• Other urban – at least O3, PM10 and SO2

• Fairly robust to changes in network• Urban sites cover 26 of the 28 UK agglomerations

Page 7: UK Air Quality Indicators

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Days when air pollution is moderate or higher: 1987-2003

Urban sites

Rural sites

Final 2003 indicator

Page 8: UK Air Quality Indicators

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Causes of air pollution at urban sites

total urban

Page 9: UK Air Quality Indicators

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

particles

sulphur dioxide

Causes of air pollution at urban sites

total urban

Page 10: UK Air Quality Indicators

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

ozone

particles

sulphur dioxide

Causes of air pollution at urban sites

total urban

Page 11: UK Air Quality Indicators

The main episodes driving 2003

• Exceptionally hot summer – • high ozone

• Particulate episodes in spring, including • UK and European element• Saharan dust storm

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Sum

mer

Tem

pera

ture

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ozo

ne D

ays

Urban

Rural

• high secondary particulates (SO2 & NO2 gas converted to particulate sulphates & nitrates)

Page 12: UK Air Quality Indicators

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Year

Con

cent

ratio

ns (

m g/m

3)

AverageRange

40 ug/m3 objective20 ug/m3 prov. objective

PM100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Year

Con

cent

ratio

ns (

m g/m

3 )

Average

Range

40 ug/m3 objective NO2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Year

Con

cent

ratio

ns (

m g/m

3 )

Average

Range

20 ug/m3 vegetationprotection

SO2

•Indicator picks up peaks – what about long-term trends?

but….

Page 13: UK Air Quality Indicators

….for ozone:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Conc

entra

tions

(m g/m

3)

Average

Range

Page 14: UK Air Quality Indicators

• 2003 was an exceptional year.• Headline Indicator accurately reflects poor air

quality in 2003 (but not every aspect).• Headline indicator is currently being reviewedFor the future:

Conclusions

long-term trend downwards for most pollutants.

ozone increasing - global ozone precursor emissions, (?) global warming