UMTS – Global Standard for 3G

Wireless Communication

Shariq Yasin

Sr. Manager (RNE)

3G Technologies (Guarantee) Ltd.

29th January, 2009

2

Central Asian CDMA Forum

Provide CDMA/WCDMA technology and development awareness, training and related industry support in Central Asia through;

• Training & HR Development Collaboration with Governments, Regulatory Agencies, Operators, Academia, Professionals and Manufacturers

• Benchmarking of the Industry

• Technical Audit of Networks & Services

• Media and advocacy

• Inter-active discussion portal

• Roaming and specifications development (associate membership of CDG)

• Consultancies

Develop relationship with other Technology Development Organizations

3

Accomplishments

Inter-active online portal• Region Telecom Industry News, Technology Information, Discussion Forum

& Job Postings

Series of CDMA awareness programs on FM radio network on CDMA Technology

Trainings Conducted• Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan Operators & MOC/Regulator, INPT/WANA

Moroco, Afghan Telecom, PTCL, PTA, FAB, Diallog, HEC, UET Lahore, IQRA University, DVcom, GIKI, IMS Peshawar, Telecard, Comsats etc.

Co-operation with other CDMA organizations like CDG, CDMAU, CCF, GHRC and regional CDMA Forum such as Africa CDMA Forum

Bench marking & Audit of CDMA operators

Establishment of CDMA HR Development Centre.

Establishment of permanent Engineering Services Working Group (ESWG) to resolve technical issues between CDMA operators

GHRC Initiative for Pakistan WLL Operators

Held Seminars on UMTS awareness and regulations in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan

4

Sections

Multiple Access

IMT2000 Umbrella

Evolution Path

UMTS Services

UMTS Overview

Network Architecture

Codes and Channels

LTE Overview

UMTS Deployment and General Aspects

Multiple Access

6

Multiple Access Techniques

Multiple Access

• To maximize the usage of scarce resource like

Frequency.

Three widely used techniques• Frequency Division Multiple Access

• Time Division Multiple Access

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

• Code Division Multiple Access

• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS)

• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS)

IMT2000 Umbrella

8

ITU, IMT2000

ITU (International Telecommunication Union)• Specialized agency of UN.

• Standardization of Telecommunication and allocation of Spectrum

• The Telecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T

• The Radiocommunication Sector, ITU-R

• The Telecommunication Development Sector, ITU-D

IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)• Defined by ITU for the Global Standard for 3rd Generation wireless

communications in 1999

• Includes six radio interfaces as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation:

• WCDMA (UTRA-FDD)

• CDMA2000

• TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA

• EDGE

• DECT

• IP-OFDMA TDD WMAN (in 2007)

9

3GPP

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)

• Created in Dec 1998, for the collaboration between

telecommunication associations to develop globally

acceptable 3G mobile phone system under the scope of

IMT-2000

• Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3G

Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and

the radio access technologies that they support (i.e.,

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency

Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD)

modes).

Evolution Path

11

Need for Evolution

Global Standard for cost effectiveness

New Services (Video Telephony)

Spectral Efficiency to accommodate more subscribers

More Throughput (more UL and DL requirements)

Global Roaming

Achieving Customer Expectations

Roadmap to Future Evolution

Vendor Support

• EOM: (End of marketing) End of new order (1~2 Yr)

• EOFS: (End of Full support) End of bug fixing (3 Yr)

• EOS: (End of Service) End of Service Supporting (4 Yr)

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Evolution of 3G: Data Rates

13

Timeline: UMTS and CDMA2000

14

Evolution of 3G

UMTS Services

16

Voice Call

• Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Voice Codec

Packet Switched (PS) Data

• Reuses NAS layer of GPRS

Circuit Switched (CS) Data

• Includes Sync / Async Data

• Includes Group 3 Fax

• Protocols the same as for GSM

Location Based Services (LBS)

Call Types

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Multi- Services requires service classified QoS

• Time-delay sensitivity

Service classified

18

Device Support

UMTS Overview

20

UMTS and W-CDMA

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

• UMTS encompasses the entire mobile communication system,

including the two core networks, and up to three radio access

networks.

CS-Core

Network

UTRA-TDD

PS-Core

Network

UTRA-FDD

(WCDMA)GSM/GPRS

Non-Access

Stratum (NAS)

Access

Stratum

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• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wide-

band CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based

Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.

• Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.

• “WCDMA” refers to the FDD Physical Layer and

the protocols that support it.

• “UTRAN” refers to the UMTS/WCDMA Radio Access

network.

• “UMTS” refers to the entire network.

What is UMTS/WCDMA?

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The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number (UARFCN), where

Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz

UMTS/WCDMA Spectrum

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UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth

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3GPP Standards

Release 99

•FDD and TDD at 3.84 Mcps

•Services as in GSM/GPRS

•Support for Multicall

•Location Services

Release 4

•TDD at 1.28 Mcps

•UTRA Repeater

•Core Network Transport to IP

•Non-transparent Real-Time

Facsimile

Release 5

•UTRAN Transport to IP

•IP Based Multimedia Services

•A-GPS with Open Interface

for SMLC and RNC

•HSDPA

HSDPA•Included in Release 5

•Adaptive modulation and coding

•Multiple codes allocation

• Physical Layer HARQ

•DL Rates as high as 10 Mbps

HSUPA•Release 6 & 7

•New Channels Added (E-DCH)

•New Physical Dedicated

Channels for UL and DL

•UL Rates as high as 5.4 Mbps

HSPA Release 7+

Release 8•Long Term Evolution (LTE)

•New Access Technology based on OFDMA, CDMA and TDMA

•DL Rates as high as 100Mbps

•UL Rates as high as 50Mbps

Network Architecture

26

UMTS Network Topology

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WCDMA R5 Network Architecture

GSM /GPRS BSS

BTS

BSC

NodeB

RNC

PCU

UTRAN

SCPSMS

SCE

HLR/AUC/HS

S

SGSN

CG BG

GGSN

GPRS

backbone

MG

W

MG

W

VMSC ServerGMSC Server

IP/ATM BackboneCS domain

PS

domain

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

IP backbone

MRFP

IMS domain

MGW

P-CSCFS-CSCF

MGCF

MRFC

SS7

PSTN/PLMN

Internet,

Intranet

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub IubIub Iub

Previous interfaces with new identities

New Interfaces like Iur

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RL

NodeB

RB

RNC

RAB

CNUE

RL: Radio Link

RB: Radio Bearer

RAB: Radio Access Bearer

Link Types

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UE Modes of Connection

Idle Mode • (No active Connection)

Cell_DCH• CS and PS Call connected

with handover

Cell_FACH• PS Connected with Cell

Update

Cell_PCH• PS Dormant with Cell Update

URA_PCH• PS Dormant with URA Update

Codes and Channels

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• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes

• Gold Codes: Spreading Codes

• DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680

• UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million

Codes in UMTS/WCDMA

33

OVSF codes (Walsh) are completely orthogonal and their mutual correlation is zero.

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Cch,1,0 = (1)

Cch,2,0 = (1,1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

OVSF & Walsh

34

Purpose of OVSF

Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service Data rate Downlink

SF

AMR 12.2, kbps 128

VP 64kbps 32

144kbps 144kbps 16

384kbps 384kbps 8

HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16

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Physical Layer Procedures

36

Traffic Channel（TCH）

Control Channel（CCH）

Dedicated Traffic Channel （DTCH）

Common Traffic Channel （CTCH）

Broadcast Control Channel （BCCH）

Paging Control Channel （PCCH）

Dedicated Control Channel （DCCH）

Common Control Channel （CCCH）

UMTS Logical Channel

37

Broadcast Channel BCH

Forward Access Channel FACH

Paging Channel PCH

Random Access Channel RACH

Dedicated Channel DCH

• DCH includes uplink and downlink

Common transport

channel

Dedicated transport

channel

UMTS Transport Channel

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Channel Mapping

39

Node B UE

P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel

SCH – Synchronous Channel

P-CPICH – Primary Common Pilot Channel

S-CPICH – Secondary Common Pilot Channel

Cell broadcast channels

DPDCH – Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPCCH – Dedicated Physical Control Channel

Dedicated channel

Paging channel

PICH – Paging Indicator Channel

S-CCPCH – Primary Common Control Physical Channel

PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel

AICH – Acquisition Indicator Channel

Random access channel

HS-DPCCH – High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

HS-SCCH – High Speed Shared Control Channel

HS-PDSCH －High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

High speed downlink shared channel

Functions of Physical Channel

LTE Overview

41

Long Term Evolution

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has approved the functional freeze of LTE (Long Term Evolution) as part of 3GPP Release 8 - 11th December 2008

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been selected for the Downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for the Uplink. The Downlink will support data modulation schemes QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM and the Uplink will support BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM.

Supports MIMO and SMART Antenna technology

42

LTE Performance Requirement

Metric Requirement

Peak Data Rates DL: 100 Mbps

UL: 50 Mbps

(for 20MHz spectrum)

Mobility Support Up to 500kmph

Optimized to 0 to 15kmph

User Plane Latency <5ms

Control Plane Capacity >200 users per cell

(for 5MHz spectrum)

Coverage

(Cell Size)

5 ~ 100km with slight

degradation after 30km

Spectrum Flexibility 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

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LTE Logical Channels

Control Channel

• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

• Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

• Common Control Channel (CCCH)

• Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)

• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Traffic Channel

• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

• Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)

44

LTE Transport Channels

Downlink Channels

• Broadcast Channel (BCH)

• Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

• Paging Channel (PCH)

• Multicast Channel (MCH)

Uplink Channels

• Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)

• Random Access Channel (RACH)

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LTE Entities

Evolved NodeB (eNB)

Evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN)

Serving Gateway (SGW)

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW)

46

LTE Advance

ITU has introduced a term IMT-Advanced for

mobile systems beyond IMT-2000 scope.

In June 2008, 3GPP held two workshops on

“Requirements for Further Advancements for

E-UTRA”

IMT-Advanced 3GPP RAN working on LTE-

Advanced

UMTS Deployment and

General Aspects

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UMTS Global Facts

WCDMA Subscribers 351m

HSPA Subscribers 79m

HSPA Devices >1000

UMTS Deployments 260 in 105 countries

HSDPA Deployments 230 in 90 countries

UMTS Forum – 26 Jan 2009

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Regional Status

Middle East and North Africa

Saudi Arabia,

Kuwait, Oman,

Bahrain,

Yemen, UAE,

Qatar

Egypt, Libya,

Algeria,

Morocco,

Turkey, Iran,

Iraq and

Afghanistan

SAARC Central Asia

India,

Bangladesh,

Maldives,

Bhutan,

Afghanistan,

Sri Lanka.

Nepal

Kyrgyzstan,

Armenia,

Georgia,

Tajikistan,

Uzbekistan,

Mongolia

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UMTS Vendors

Ericsson

Huawei

LG

Alcatel-Lucent

Motorola

Nokia Siemens Network

Samsung

NEC

Nortel Networks

ZTE

51

Pakistan

T&T

1962

Two

AMPS

Cellular

Licenses

1989

Paging

License

1990

Card Payphone

Licenses

1991

01st GSM

License

1992

Paging

Licenses

1993

DNOP/VAS

Licenses,

1994

Telecom Sector

Reorganisation

1994

Onward

s

PTCL WLL

1994

PTCL gets

GSM License

1999Launch of

New

Mobile/WLL/

LDI

Companies

2004

Onwards

PTCL

Privatisation

2005

Onwards

1947

Post and

Telegraph

Dept

Pakistan

IT Policy

2000

Deregulation

of state

monopoly

2002

Onwards2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.6 6.3 7.0

11.0

35.0

45.054.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Road to Deregulation Competition

52

MOITT (Ministry of IT and Telecoms)

• Generation of Policy, and Oversight on PTA, FAB, PSEB, USF,ICT R&D Fund and PTCL.

PTA (Pakistan Telecom Authority)

• Regulates the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems

• Responsible for promoting & development of telecommunication systems and services

FAB (Frequency Allocation Board)

• Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication

services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators

and others

• Separate from, but reporting to (at least in theory) PTA.

NTC (National telecommunication Corporation)

• Limited mandate to provide services to the Government

SCO (Special Communications Organization)

• Limited mandate to provide services to Azad Kashmir

Pakistan Government

Telecommunication Bodies

53

UMTS in Pakistani Scenario

At least two licenses were committed for auction

in IM issued by MoIT. (Each of 10 MHz)

PTA and FAB has to clear the 3G spectrum in

2.1GHz band by the end of 2006.

Delays due to:

• Reluctance of Operators

• Economic and Political Conditions of Pakistan

• Declining ARPU

• Un-identified Killer Application

Question & Answers

55

References

WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.

WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.

HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.

HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.

LTE Technical Overview (whitepaper) Motorola

UMTS Forum (www.umts-forum.org)

UMTS World (www.umtsworld.com)

Thank YouShariq Yasin

shariq@3gca.org