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The Grameen Bank
-Muhammad Yunus gave credit to poorest of poor in Bangladesh
-Grew Grameen Bank to 5 million people cooperative
- Lifted millions out of indigence
Overview of Presentation
Well-Being Signs and Sources
Personal Organizational Community
What is Well-being?: A simple definitionWell-being is a positive state of affairs, brought
about by the simultaneous satisfaction of personal, organizational, and collective needs of individuals and communities
Research on Well-being
There cannot be well-being but in the combined presence of personal, organizational and community well-being
Sites, signs, sources, and strategies of well-being
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal
Organizational
Community
Sources Personal
Organizational
Community
Strategies Personal
Organizational
Community
Signs, sources, and strategies of personal well-being
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal Control
Organizational
Community
Sources Personal Experiences of efficacy
Organizational
Community
Strategies Personal empowerment
Organizational
Community
Signs, sources, and strategies of organizational well-being –
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal
Organizational Participatory structures
Community
Sources Personal
Organizational Culture of respect
Community
Strategies Personal
Organizational Conflict resolution
Community
Signs, sources, and strategies of community well-being
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal
Organizational
Community Free of child abuse
Sources Personal
Organizational
Community Investment in parenting and children
Strategies Personal
Organizational
Community Policies for early intervention
Personal signs, sources and strategies of well-being
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal Control Workers satisfaction
Sense of community
Organizational
Community
Sources Personal Voice and choice in life
Workers skilled in team work
Contribution to common good
Organizational
Community
Strategies Personal Empowerment Empathy Social conscience
Organizational
Community
What can organizations do for workers?
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal
Organizational Work satisfaction
Community
Sources Personal
Organizational Opportunities for control
Community
Strategies Personal
Organizational Voice and choice in team
Community
What can the community do for us?
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal
Organizational
Community Community health
Sources Personal
Organizational
Community High quality health and education
Strategies Personal
Organizational
Community Laws to protect us
What can we do for the community?
Sites of well-being
Personal Organizational Community
Signs Personal Foster sense of community
Organizational
Community
Sources Personal Volunteer and vote
Organizational
Community
Strategies Personal Raise awareness of environment
Organizational
Community
Signs of Personal Well-being
Sense of control Physical health Love Optimism Competence Dignity Growth Self-esteem Meaning and spirituality
Ora and Matan: A Family Strengths Story
Who might die younger due to lack of control and stress in life? A. Senior executives B. Middle managers C. Clerical workers, secretaries D. Unskilled labor E. A and B
Sir Michael Marmot and control over your life
Risk of Death by Employmentand Level of Control Marmot, Whitehall Studies
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Adminis Prof Clerical Other
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Less likely to have heart attacks Some evidence that are more likely to survive
cancer (challenged lately) More likely to resist common cold virus Lower mortality Less degree of stress More positive outlook on life Resilience
Sources of Personal Well-Being
Biological and Constitutional Factors Early Parenting Experiences Emotional Intelligence Supportive Relationships in Multiple Contexts
and Settings Opportunities for growth, engagement and
self-determination
Low
Low
High
Hig
h
HighLow
Effective Environment
Affective Environment
Reflective Environment
Signs of Organizational Well-Being:ERA Environments
Organizational Well-Being
Efficient structures Clear roles and communication Monitoring mechanisms Vision and purpose Learning and growth opportunities Sense of control Identity and meaning
Signs of Community Well-being
Social justice and equality Liberation from oppressive forces Quality education Adequate health and social services Economic prosperity Adequate housing Clean and safe environment Support for community structures
Sources of Community Well-being
Poverty Power Participation
Geography and social capital
In what of the following states there is the highest level of social capital A. Alabama B. California C. New York D. Vermont E. Georgia
Social capital and community well-being
low med high
healthwelfare
educationtolerance
crime
Low SC: LA, MS, GAMed SC: CA, MO, OKHi SC: ND, SD, VT, MN
Male Life Expectancy by InequalityWatch unnatural consequences
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
GINI24.5
GINI31.5
GINI35.5
GINI 45USA W
GINI 45USAAA
Swed/Jap
Australia
Canada
USA White
USA Afri. Amer.
Colombia: Happy but Dead
Highest rate of murders per capita in the world Highest number of kidnappings in the world
Colombia 5181 in 7 years Mexico 1269 Brazil 515 Venezuela 109 Severe under reporting
Colombians report highest level of satisfaction 8.31 (out of 10) in the world in the 90s
Is happiness really a genetic phenomenon? Lykken and Tellegen (1996, Psychological Science). In the Minnesota twins study, authors report, “Neither socioeconomic status, educational
attainment, family income, marital status, not an indicant of religious commitment could account for more than about 3% of the variance in WB” (in monozygotic twins)
“We estimate that the heritability of the stable component of subjective well-being approaches 80%”
Change in life satisfaction over the years(Inglehart, 2004)
Russia’s happiness and satisfaction plunges
Income is not everything though
Wealth matters for life expectancy
Chinese happiness and democracy
The connections between objective and subjective conditions and outcomes
Conditions
objective
subjective
+
-
+
++
--
-
objective
subjective
Well-being
The Case of Colombia
Conditions
objective
subjective
+
-
+
++
--
-
objective
subjective
Well-being
crime
hope
The Case of Relative Deprivation in Sweden and UK: How the worst off fare
Conditions
objective
subjective
+
-
+
++
--
-
objective
subjective
Well-being
Low co
ntro
l / hig
h de
man
d
High
effo
rt / l
ow re
ward
Higher morbidity
Unfair
ness
Cake of Well-being
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
EmploymentJusticeSafety netsQuality education
Child careGood schoolsAdequate housingCohesionAccess to health care
Good parentingMutual SupportGood mental health
Easy temperamentPhysical healthAdequate birth weight
Mountain of Risk
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
Values, ResourcesPrograms, Policies
PovertyInjusticeViolenceDiscrimination
No child carePoor housingLack of cohesionCrime
Teen parentingFamily sizeStressorsPoor parentingAddictionsPoor mental health
Poor temperamentPoor healthBirth weight
Ecological Model of Well-Being
Sites of Well-Being
Individual Relational Organizational Communal Environmental
Objective signs health networks resources social capital
low emissions
SubjectiveSigns
efficacy voice support belonging safety
Values as source and strategy
autonomy caring participation diversity protection of resources
Justice as source and strategy
My due/Our due
Your due/Our due
Its due/Our due
Their due/Our due
Nature’s due/Our due
Model of Well-Being:Some positive and negative factors
Sites of Well-Being
Individual Relational Organizational Communal Environmental
Objective signs +health- illness
+networks-isolation
+resources- lack of resources
-social capital-lack of trust
+clean air-pollution
Subjectivesigns
+efficacy-lack of control
+voice-repression
+support-isolation
+belonging-rejection
+safety-fear
Values as source and strategy
+autonomy-lack of power
+caring-neglect
+participation-marginality
+diversity-discrimination
+protection of resources-depletion of resources
Justice as source and strategy
My due/Our due
Your due/Our due
Its due/Our due Their due/Our due
Nature’s due/Our due
Expanded definition of well-being
Well-being is a positive state of affairs in individuals, relationships, organizations, communities, and the natural environment, brought about by the simultaneous and balanced satisfaction of objective and subjective needs; and by the behavioral manifestation of material and psychological justice in these five ecological domains.
