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Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Credits The Civil War

Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

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Page 1: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Etc.Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

CreditsThe Civil War

Page 2: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

61

1862 1863

1864 1865

1868 1870

Important EventsEtc.

Page 3: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

6118

62 1863

1864 1865

1868 1870

The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April (1861) signaled the start of the Civil War. In response to the call to “put the rebellion down,” Virginia seceded from the Union. By May (1861), Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas had joined the Confederacy, and the Confederate capital had been moved from Montgomery, Alabama, to Richmond, Virginia.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 4: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

61

1862

1863

1864 1865

1868 1870

After the battle of Antietam in September, the Confederate army under the command of General Robert E. Lee retreats into Virginia. In December, the Confederates defeat a Union army in Fredericksburg.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 5: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

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1862

1863

1864 1865

1868 1870

The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect on January 1st. In July, both sides suffer huge losses in the Union victory at Gettysburg. The Union gains control of the Mississippi.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 6: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

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1862 1863

1864

1865

1868 1870

Sherman captures Atlanta and begins his march to the sea. Lincoln wins reelection.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 7: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

61

1862 1863

1864

1865

1868 1870

The surrender of Lee and other Confederate commanders ends the Civil War. President Lincoln and Johnson put forth plans to pardon the South and restore the Union. Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 8: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .18

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1862 1863

1864 1865

1868

1870

The Fourteenth Amendment grants blacks citizenship.Important Events

Etc.

Page 9: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

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61

1862 1863

1864 1865

1868

1870

The Fifteenth Amendment gives blacks the right to vote, and Republicans, including hundreds of freedmen, are elected to public office in the South.

Important EventsEtc.

Page 10: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Etc.

Page 11: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

President Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States and served throughout the Civil War (from March 1861 to his assassination in April 1865). In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln

Tensions

GettysburgAddress

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Etc.

Page 12: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Realizing that his chances for reelection in 1864 depended on the Union’s success on the battlefield, Lincoln summoned Ulysses S. Grant to command union forces. Grant’s plan was to confront and crush the confederate army and end the war before the November election. He put General William Sherman in charge in the West and fought Lee in the East. Realizing that the South was running short of supplies, Grant just had to wear them down.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant

Tensions Opposition

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Etc.

Page 13: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In response to Fort Sumter, Lincoln ordered a naval blockade to shut down the South’s ports along the Atlantic . In doing this, Lincoln hoped to keep the South from shipping its cotton to Europe and to prevent Southerners from importing the manufactured goods they needed. Without time to raise and train a new army, the Union also hoped to choke

off the confederacy with the blockade and use troops to gain control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in two. This was named the Anaconda plan, coined for the snake that coils around its victims and crushes them to death.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Military Strategies

Etc.

Page 14: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In many ways, the North was much more prepared for war than the South was. The North had more railroads than the South. This made it easier to move troops, food, and supplies. There were also many more factories in the North than in the South. This allowed the Union to produce guns, ammunition, shoes, and other needed items faster than the South. The North also had a functioning government and a small army and navy, where-as the South had to start from scratch.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Strengths

Etc.

Page 15: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

After early losses to confederate forces, Lincoln and his government had to convince some Northern citizens that the sacrifices they were being asked to make were worth it for the Union. Also, with Southern Democrats out of the United Congress, Republican lawmakers had little opposition. The Civil War Congresses then became among the most active in American history.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Politics

Etc.

Page 16: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

With Britain helping the South, the Union protested and demanded $19 million compensation from Britain for damages and other British actions on the South’s behalf. This strained relations between the United States and Great Britain for nearly a decade after the war.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Tensions

Etc.

Page 17: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Like in the South, the North started to draft people for the war. Rich people, however, could buy their way out of military service. Riots broke out after the draft started and more than 100 people died in the mobs. This also raised a group nicknamed the Copperheads (coined after the poisonous snake). They warned that Republican policies would bring many free slaves to the North and that they would take away jobs from the whites. They also tried to convince Union soldiers to desert the army and urged people to resist the drafts.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Opposition

Etc.

Page 18: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Although Lincoln personally opposed slavery, he did not believe that he had the legal authority to abolish it. However, Lincoln recognized that every Southern slave freed a white Southerner to shoot at Union soldiers. Gradually, Lincoln came to regard ending slavery as one more strategy for winning the war. On January 1st, 1863, Lincoln proclaimed that slaves in areas of rebellion against the government would be

Free. Then, on New Years, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation to abolish slavery in areas under Confederate control. The Emancipation Proclamation, coupled with news of Lee’s defeat at Antietam, ended any real chance that France and Great Britain would intervene in the war.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Military Strategies

EmancipationProclamation

Etc.

Page 19: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

At the start of the Civil War, black volunteers were not allowed to join the Union army. However, following Union defeats in Virginia, Congress authorized Lincoln to let African Americans to fight in the war. After the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans rushed to join the fight. By 1865. nearly 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in the Union army, and more than half of those were black Southerners who had been freed from slavery by fighting.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Black Soldiers

Etc.

Page 20: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Although industries that depended on Southern markets or southern cotton were hurt, most Northern industries boomed. Unlike the Confederates, the Union had farms and factories to make nearly everything its army and civilian population required. Women filled men's positions in critical jobs like factory and farm positions. Many factory owners even preferred women because they could be paid less than men.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Slide 23

Economy

Etc.

Page 21: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The Gettysburg Address took place on November 19, 1863. Although the featured guest was Edward Everett (asked to speak in honor of the Union soldiers who had died there just four months before), Lincoln was also asked to say a few things afterwards. In a short, two minute speech, he reminded listeners the North’s reason for fighting the Civil War: to preserve a young country unmatched by any other country in history in its commitment to the principles of freedom, equality, and self government.

“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure….It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom- and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

-Abraham Lincoln

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

GettysburgAddress

Etc.

Page 22: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Despite the Confederates best efforts to stop the Union, General Sherman reached Atlanta, Georgia, and after a series of battle, seized it. In November 1864, Sherman led some 62,000 Union troops on a march to the sea to capture Savannah, Georgia. Before abandoning Atlanta, he ordered the city evacuated and then burned. After leaving Atlanta, the Union army traveled the nearly 300 mile long path of destruction across Georgia. The troops destroyed bridges, railroad lines, and factories. They seized and slaughtered livestock. By the time they had reached Savannah, Confederate troops had fled, and the Union took control without a fight.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ Assassination

Sherman in Georgia

Etc.

Page 23: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Even though Lincoln himself did not think that he would be reelected (he even had trouble being nominated for reelection), Lincoln won an easy victory, garnering 212 out of a possible 233 electoral votes. This was mainly due to Sherman’s capture of Atlanta, which changed the political climate in the North (it led them to see victory for the Union).

A few weeks after Lee’s surrender, General Johnston surrendered to Sherman in North Carolina. Throughout May, the rest of the Confederate forces also gave up. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to see the official end of the war. On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth slipped into Lincoln’s booth at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, pulled out a pistol, and shot Lincoln in the head, killing him.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the North “This war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjagation, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those [seceding] States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.” -House of Representatives

Crittenden resolution

President Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Military Strategies Strengths Politics

Tensions Opposition EmancipationProclamation Black Soldiers Economy

GettysburgAddress

Sherman in Georgia

Reelection/ AssassinationReelection/

Assassination

Etc.

Page 24: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

Etc.

Page 25: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Jefferson Davis was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America. He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country. When the war was over, Davis was imprisoned by the Union.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

Jefferson Davis

Etc.

Page 26: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

A Confederate general involved in most of the battles fought during the Civil War. Some of these battles include: The Seven Pines Battle, the Battle of Antietam, and the Second Battle of Bull Run.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

General Lee

Etc.

Page 27: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The Confederates basic war plan was to prepare and wait. Many Confederates hoped that Lincoln would let them go in peace. Southern Strategies called for a war of attrition (one side inflicts continuous losses on the enemy in order to wear down it’s strengths). They hoped to defend themselves until the Union lost the will to fight. However, they did not think of the North’s tremendous advantage in

Resources. In the end, it was the North that waged a successful war of attrition against the South. Another strategy was to stop growing cotton (they supplied 75% of the worlds cotton) in order to pressure British and French governments to help them out. Instead, Europeans turned to India and Egypt for cotton. By the time the South realized their mistake, the Union blockade was already in place and they couldn’t export.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

War Strategies

Etc.

Page 28: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The Confederates had some advantages over the Union. Because most of the nation’s military colleges were in the South, a majority of the nation’s trained officers were Southerners, and they sided with the Confederacy. In addition, all the Southern army had to do was keep a defensive position, whereas the Union would have to attack if they wished to restore the union. The Southerners also felt that they were fighting to preserve their way of life and their right to self government.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

Strengths

Etc.

Page 29: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Fearing that the war would be lost if there were not enough soldiers to fight, General Lee called for a draft. Opponents of a strong central government claimed that the draft was in violation of states rights, but in April of 1862, the Confederate congress passed a draft law requiring three years of military service for white men ages 18-35. To help raise money for the war, the Confederate congress imposed a tax on personal incomes.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics Economy

Mobilizing

Etc.

Page 30: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Not all mobilization policies were successful. A fierce commitment to states’ rights worked against the Confederate government and harmed the war effort in many ways. Americans, especially in the South, had continued to strive for states’ rights- both under the United States Constitution and the new Confederacy. Because of this, it is estimated that perhaps one quarter of Confederate men eligible for the draft failed to cooperate.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics EconomyStates Rights

Etc.

Page 31: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In May 1861, the Confederates sent representatives to both Britain and France seeking support in the war. Although the South was not recognized as a country, it did receive help. Britain made ports for privateers for the South. These privateers captured nearly 80 Union ships. However, the French would not help without Britain’s cooperation. Britain, though, wouldn’t cooperate until the South was completely independent.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics EconomyHelp

Etc.

Page 32: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Throughout the war. Like the Union government, the Confederate government had to convince individual citizens to sacrifice their personal interests for the common good. They also had to get Southerners’ to be loyal to the new government.

The south had many more political problems than the North had. Although the branches and powers of the Confederate government were similar to those of the United States, the framers of the Confederate constitution had made certain that it recognized states’ rights and slavery- two main reasons for the South’s secession from the Union- which both caused many issues for the South

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics EconomyPolitics

Etc.

Page 33: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

One of the biggest problems that the South faced was a food shortage. Union armies disrupted the South’s food grwing regions as well as its production of cotton. Another issue was a lack of enough factories to make supplies for the Confederate army. And one of the last issues was the amount of debt that the South had. They were printing more paper money than they could back up, which made the Confederate dollar lose a lot of value.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The Aims of the South “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled… if… the integrity of our territory and jurisdiction [legal authority] be assailed [attacked], it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.” -President Jefferson Davis

Inaugural Address

Jefferson Davis General Lee War Strategies Strengths Mobilizing

States Rights Help Politics EconomyEconomy

Etc.

Page 34: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The End

2nd Battle of Bull

Run

Action on

Mississippi

Battle of

Antietam

Battle of Bull

RunForts

Henry & Donelson

Fort Sumter

Battle of the Wild

Battle of

Shiloh

Civil WarBattles

FredericksburgChancellorsvilla

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Etc.

Page 35: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The first shots fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, in April 1861, signaled the start of the nation’s Civil War. The Confederates attacked the Union at Fort Sumter because

the Union had been building forces there to attack the South. In response to the Confederates win at Fort

Sumter, Virginia seceded from the Union. By May 1861, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas had also joined

the Confederate States of America.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The End

2nd Battle of Bull

Run

Action on

Mississippi

Battle of

Antietam

Battle of Bull

RunForts

Henry & Donelson

Battle of the Wild

Battle of

Shiloh

Civil WarBattles

FredericksburgChancellorsvilla

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Fort Sumter

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Fort Sumter

The End

Etc.

Page 36: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Even though the Union General (Irvin McDowell) wanted more time to prepare more troops, Lincoln ordered him into action. So, on July 16, the Union army marched into

Virginia to attack an important railroad junction in Manassas. The Confederates were camped at Bull Run, a

stream that passed four miles north of Manassas. The Union army had many delays on their way, which allowed

the Confederates to strengthen their ranks. Although winning the battle at first, the Union was eventually

forced to retreat. The Confederates, too disorganized and exhausted to follow, let them go.

Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

The End

2nd Battle of Bull

Run

Action on

Mississippi

Battle of

Antietam

Battle of Bull

RunForts

Henry & Donelson

Fort Sumter

Battle of the Wild

Battle of

Shiloh

Civil WarBattles

FredericksburgChancellorsvilla

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Battle of Bull

Run

The End

Etc.

Page 37: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In February of 1862, General Grant advanced along the Tennessee River with several gunboats towards Forts

Henry and Donelson, located right over the border in the Confederate state of Tennessee. The forts protected the

most important water routes into the western Confederacy (the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers). On February 6, the Union boats fired on Fort Henry until it surrendered. The army then marched east and attacked

Fort Donelson. After three days, Fort Donelson also surrendered.

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2nd Battle of Bull

Run

Action on

Mississippi

Battle of

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Battle of Bull

RunForts

Henry & Donelson

Fort Sumter

Battle of the Wild

Battle of

Shiloh

Civil WarBattles

FredericksburgChancellorsvilla

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Forts Henry & Donelson

The End

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Page 38: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

On April 6, 1862, Johnston’s forces surprised some of General Grant’s troops, who were camped at Shiloh Church outside of Pittsburg Landing. Fighting quickly

broke out and the battle line stretched 6 miles long. By the end of the first day, the Confederates had pushed the Union back into the Tennessee river. Overnight, the Union received reinforcements. Although the Union won, they

lost 13,000 men, and the Confederates lost 11,000, including their general (Johnston).

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2nd Battle of Bull

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Henry & Donelson

Fort Sumter

Battle of the Wild

Battle of

Shiloh

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FredericksburgChancellorsvilla

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Battle of

Shiloh

The End

Etc.

Page 39: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

On June 6, the Union seized Memphis, Tennessee. Only two major posts on the Mississippi River now remained in

Confederate hands. These were Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Port Hudson, Louisiana. If the Union forces could

capture them, the entire Mississippi River Valley would be under Union control. This would split the Confederacy in

two.

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2nd Battle of Bull

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Fort Sumter

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Battle of

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Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Petersburg

Spotsylvania And Cold

Harbor

Action on

Mississippi

The End

Etc.

Page 40: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In late August, 1862, General Jackson’s troops attacked the Union army from behind and destroyed Union

supplies. John Pope, the general of the Union army, attacked back, and while the Union was busy fighting,

General Lee of the Confederates attacked the Union army head on, defeating them.

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Page 41: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

General Lee decided to raid the North. He hoped that a victory in the North would arouse European support for

the South. So in September 1862, Lee’s army slipped into the Union (Maryland). Once the Union discovered the Confederates in the North, they decided to attack, but

delayed for 16 hours. This gave the Confederates time to prepare. The two armies met at Antietam Creek near

Sharpsburg on September 17. The Union won, but did not completely wipe out the Confederate army.

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Spotsylvania And Cold

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Antietam

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Etc.

Page 42: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

On December 13, 1862, the Battle of Fredericksburg began. Throughout the day, the Union ordered charge after charge into the Confederate gunfire. Some Union army units lost more than half of their men. When the

fighting ceased at nightfall, the Union had suffered nearly 13,000 casualties. Confederate losses were just over

5,000. The leader of the Union army (General Ambrose Burnside) was relieved of his command.

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Petersburg

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Fredericksburg

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Page 43: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The Battle of Chancellorsville began on May 1st, 1863. When the Union troops started their march toward

Fredericksburg, they saw the Confederate army ahead of them. After a brief fight, the Union army pulled back into

some thick woods to build defenses. The Confederates surrounded them and took the Union by surprise. If the

darkness had not halted the attack, the Union army would have been crushed. On May 3rd, the Confederates completed their victory, and by May 5th, the Union army

had retreated.

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2nd Battle of Bull

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Chancellorsvilla

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Page 44: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-July 3, 1863) was the largest battle of the American Civil War, as well as the largest battle ever fought in North America. It involved

around 85,000 men in the Union’s Army and around 75,000 men in the Confederate Army. Casualties at

Gettysburg totaled 23,049 for the Union and 28,063 for the Confederacy. These largely irreplaceable losses to the

South’s largest army, combined with the Confederate surrender of Vicksburg marked what is widely regarded as

the turning point of the war for the Union.

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Gettysburg

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Page 45: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In May and June of 1863, General lysses Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under General John Pemberton. On

July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. This was the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. With the loss of

Pemberton’s army and the vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half.

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Page 46: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

In May of 1964, the Union headed straight for Richmond, Virginia, to draw the Confederates into fighting. The fighting began May 5th with the two day Battle of the

Wilderness. This battle occurred on the same ground as the Battle of Chancellorsville. The two armies met in a

forest. The fighting was so rough that the woods caught on fire, causing many of the soldiers to be burned to

death. Unable to see, many soldiers were killed of friendly fire. The Union suffered great losses, but moved

around the Confederate army and continued South.

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On May 8th, the Confederates caught up with the Union army near Spotsylvania Court House. The following 2

week battle was called the Battle of Spotsylvania. In some parts of the battlefield, the Union dead were piled four deep. The Union army pushed further south. In early June, the armies started fighting again in the Battle of Cold Harbor, just 8 miles away from Richmond. Some

7,000 Union soldiers died within the first hour.

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Page 48: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s army, Grant moved the Union army around the Confederate capital and attacked Petersburg (a railroad center south of the

city). The goal was to cut off shipments of food to Richmond so that the city would have to surrender.

However, the attack failed. Then, on June 18 of 1864, he began the siege of Petersburg. The Confederates tried to build defenses, but it was becoming harder and harder to

replace soldiers.

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On April 9th, the Confederate army arrived at a small town in Virginia named Appomattox. There, the Confederate

army was surrounded by the Union. Knowing that he had no other choice, General Lee met with General Grant in a private home. The terms of surrender said that Southern soldiers could take their horses and mules and go home.

They would not be punished as traitors. Grant also offered to feed the starving Confederate army. Lee rode

off and thus the battle was avoided.

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Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line .

Civil WarAmendments

1413

15

Ratified by the states in 1868

Declared that all

people born in the US are

citizens

In a few words, it ended slavery

forever

Ratified by the states and

became a law on December 18th,

1865

It states that no citizen may be denied the right to vote based on race,

color, or previous condition of servitude

In February 1869, Congress passed the

15th amendment.

Etc.

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Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Page 52: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Tactics and Teach

The Monitor and the Merrimack

Prison Camps

Medical Care

Page 53: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Tactics and Teach

The Monitor and the Merrimack

Prison Camps

Medical Care

For generations, European commanders had fought battles by concentrating their forces, assaulting a position, and driving the enemy away. The weapons that they had were not accurate or fast to load, so generals relied on masses of charging troops to overwhelm the enemy. By the time of the Civil War, though, gun makers knew that bullet shaped ammunition flew better than round balls. They also found that putting a small spiral groove on the inside of the gun barrel would make the bullet spin faster, which made it travel further with more accuracy. This made a bullets range 5 times longer.

Page 54: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Tactics and Teach

The Monitor and the Merrimack

Prison Camps

Medical Care

Southerners had created new boats by bolting iron plates to an old wooden steamship called the Merrimack. The Unions boats were only made of wood, which put them at a disadvantage. Fortunately for the Union though, they got reports of the Confederates new ships and made one themselves. It was made entirely out of iron and was named the Monitor. This advance in iron warships made wooden ships obsolete.

Page 55: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Tactics and Teach

The Monitor and the Merrimack

Prison Camps

Medical Care

Captured Confederate soldiers were sent to prison camps throughout the North, including Point Lookout in Maryland and Camp Chase in Ohio. The Ohio Penitentiary also housed some Confederate prisoners. The South’s prison camps were located wherever there was room. Andersonville was its most notorious camp. Usually, the North and the South treated their prisoners the same. Officers were treated better than other prisoners, though.

Page 56: Union Etc. Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line. Credits The Civil War

Union Confederates Battles Amendments Gallery Home Time Line . Etc.

Tactics and Teach

The Monitor and the Merrimack

Prison Camps

Medical Care

Soldiers faced miserable conditions in battle camps. About one in four Civil War soldiers did not survive the war, but it was disease that killed many of them. A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp or in a hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield. On both sides, thousands of women volunteered to care for the sick and wounded. Government clerk Clara Barton quit her job in order to provide supplies and first aid to Union troops in camp and during battle. Known to soldiers as the “angel of the battlefield,” Barton continued her service after the war by founding the American Red Cross.

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Union Confederates Battles Amendments GalleryHome Time Line . Etc.

CreditsThe Civil War•“Building a Powerful Nation.” America: Pathways to the Present. Texas ed. Needham, Massachusetts: Prentice Hall, 2003. 154-193. Print•http://biography.com