Unit 15 SalvationUnit 15 Salvation

Langston HughesLangston Hughes

Teaching ObjectivesTeaching Objectives Part IPart I11 ）） To have an acquaintance with the text-rTo have an acquaintance with the text-r

elated cultural background, including the elated cultural background, including the author, Christianity, Salvation, Sin, etc.;author, Christianity, Salvation, Sin, etc.;

22 ）） To have a general undertanding of the tTo have a general undertanding of the text;ext;

3)To analyze the language features o f the te3)To analyze the language features o f the textxt

Teaching ObjectivesTeaching Objectives

Part IIPart II44 ）） A brief review A brief review 5) To analyze the text’s progression/organizati5) To analyze the text’s progression/organizati

on (deductive method) ; on (deductive method) ; 66 ）） To know about the “construction of meaniTo know about the “construction of meani

ngs”;ngs”;7) To cultivate students’ awareness of perspect7) To cultivate students’ awareness of perspect

ives and cultural comparison/contrast;ives and cultural comparison/contrast;

Teaching ObjectivesTeaching Objectives

Part IIIPart III8) Presentation: To enhance students’ English 8) Presentation: To enhance students’ English

performance, help uplift their skills for public sperformance, help uplift their skills for public speaking, and broaden their thinking.peaking, and broaden their thinking.

99 ）） Exercises: To mend, enhance, refine and strExercises: To mend, enhance, refine and streamline. eamline.

10) Extra Materials: To broaden students’ scop10) Extra Materials: To broaden students’ scope of knowledge and vision so as to help promoe of knowledge and vision so as to help promote their humanistic making and creativity. te their humanistic making and creativity.

Part IPart I (2 sessions) (2 sessions) Session 1Session 1

1. Lead-up: Salvation: A brief introduction 1. Lead-up: Salvation: A brief introduction 1.1. About the Wtriter: Langston Hughes1.1. About the Wtriter: Langston Hughes Langston Hughes (1902-1967), was, still is, and Langston Hughes (1902-1967), was, still is, and

will always be a well-remembered modern Amwill always be a well-remembered modern American black poet and writer for his poetic taleerican black poet and writer for his poetic talents and passion, his merry and rhythmical stylnts and passion, his merry and rhythmical style, his bold divergence form traditional poetry, e, his bold divergence form traditional poetry, his compassion for the poor and the underprivhis compassion for the poor and the underprivileged, and his depiction of the life of black Amileged, and his depiction of the life of black Americansericans. .

Session 1Session 1

DreamsDreams:: One of the much sought-after poems in One of the much sought-after poems in China by Langston Hughes. China by Langston Hughes.

Hold fast to dreamsHold fast to dreams For if dreams dieFor if dreams die Life is a broken-winged birdLife is a broken-winged bird That cannot flyThat cannot fly Hold fast to dreamsHold fast to dreams For when dreams goFor when dreams go Life is a barren fieldLife is a barren field Frozen with snow Frozen with snow (two stanzas from the poem.)(two stanzas from the poem.)

Session 1Session 1

1.2. About God and Jesus Christ1.2. About God and Jesus Christ

God:God: the Creator/the First Cause/ Our Maker the Creator/the First Cause/ Our Maker (creation); The Almighty/omnipotent, the (creation); The Almighty/omnipotent, the Most High, One above, Supreme being, the Most High, One above, Supreme being, the Everlasting, Judge, Providence, etc. Everlasting, Judge, Providence, etc.

Jesus:Jesus: the man of sorrows, prince of peace, the man of sorrows, prince of peace, beloved/only begotten son, the Carpenter’s beloved/only begotten son, the Carpenter’s son, Christ, the Good/Great shepherd. son, Christ, the Good/Great shepherd.

Session 1Session 1

1.3. About the Bible (Christianity)1.3. About the Bible (Christianity) 1) The title of the text: 1) The title of the text: Salvation—savior--- Jesus/God Salvation—savior--- Jesus/God original sin: A Core Concept in Christianoriginal sin: A Core Concept in Christian

ity ity 2) The Bible:A cultural cornerstone 2) The Bible:A cultural cornerstone

Session 1Session 1

1.4 About the Text1.4 About the Text ：： A guess A guess 1.5 Text Study1.5 Text Study(the first 2 or 3 paragraphs Wor(the first 2 or 3 paragraphs Wor

ds and expressions in focus) ds and expressions in focus) SalvationSalvation ：： Save from Save from RevivalRevival Preach Preach Hardened Hardened By leaps and bounds By leaps and bounds

Session 2Session 2

22.Text Study.Text Study2.12.1 ．． Text Study and Language Points in FocusText Study and Language Points in Focus fold, escort, mourner, rhythmical, sermon, leave out, fold, escort, mourner, rhythmical, sermon, leave out, be left out in the cold, hold out, braid, prayer, altar, be left out in the cold, hold out, braid, prayer, altar, deacon, swirl, congregation, mighty, wail, serenely, sodeacon, swirl, congregation, mighty, wail, serenely, so

b,b, hold up, grin, take one’s name in vain, break into, hold up, grin, take one’s name in vain, break into, rejoice, quiet down, punctuate, ecstatic, bless, joyous rejoice, quiet down, punctuate, ecstatic, bless, joyous

Session 2Session 2

2.2 An appreciation of the beauties and subtleties of s2.2 An appreciation of the beauties and subtleties of some wordsome words

• P1.P1. Beginning of the story: Sin, revival, preaching, har Beginning of the story: Sin, revival, preaching, hardened, fold (Metaphorical use: cross, lamb, shepherd, dened, fold (Metaphorical use: cross, lamb, shepherd, take shelter/refuge, light, salt ), escort, etc. take shelter/refuge, light, salt ), escort, etc.

• P2.P2. inside, See(image), hear (the call, voice), feel (tend inside, See(image), hear (the call, voice), feel (tenderness, love, care, presence)erness, love, care, presence)

• P3. rhythmical sermonP3. rhythmical sermon. Young lambs: need protectio. Young lambs: need protection and comfort. Aestheticization of religion. Allusion: n and comfort. Aestheticization of religion. Allusion: Ninety and nine safe in the fold. Ninety and nine safe in the fold.

Session 2Session 2

• P5.P5. See (stubborn and lovely) See (stubborn and lovely) • P7---P12. P7---P12. congregation, serenely, waitincongregation, serenely, waitin

g, lying in the temple, “So I got up”g, lying in the temple, “So I got up”• P13. P13. the congregation’s reaction: a big the congregation’s reaction: a big

irony irony • P14.P14. Quieted down Quieted down ：： hush, ecstatic Amhush, ecstatic Am

enen ； ； Amen: a symbol, a call: “Amen: a symbol, a call: “ 尊贵名，尊贵名，何等美。地所望与天所愿。阿门何等美。地所望与天所愿。阿门 !”!”

Session 2Session 2

• P15.P15. Causes for Cry: Causes for Cry: • 1) couldn’t bear to tell her that I had lied: 1) couldn’t bear to tell her that I had lied:

care and consideration; care and consideration; • 2) deceived everybody: honesty;2) deceived everybody: honesty;• 3) hadn’t seen Jesus: disappointment, 3) hadn’t seen Jesus: disappointment,

emptiness and honestyemptiness and honesty• 4) didn’t believe in God any more”: 4) didn’t believe in God any more”:

rationalism, sign of growing : An analysisrationalism, sign of growing : An analysis

Session 2Session 2

2.3 Language features of the 2.3 Language features of the text : brainstorming text : brainstorming

APP. Language features of the APP. Language features of the Bible:Bible: simple, Easily simple, Easily comprehensible, non-theoretical, comprehensible, non-theoretical, imagistic, metaphorical, rhythmical, imagistic, metaphorical, rhythmical, incomplete sentences (in some incomplete sentences (in some cases), mysteriouscases), mysterious

Session 2Session 2

2.4 Text Summary2.4 Text Summary (1 or 2 students to be invited)(1 or 2 students to be invited) * Your understanding of the author’s being sa* Your understanding of the author’s being sa

ved. ved. **A lovely stubborn boy,**A lovely stubborn boy, A well-intended rivival, A well-intended rivival, A long waiting for Jesus,A long waiting for Jesus, A disillusion and an awakening. A disillusion and an awakening. (The end of session1-2)(The end of session1-2)

Part II (Session 3) Teaching ObjectiPart II (Session 3) Teaching Objectivesves

11 ）） A brief review A brief review 22 ）） To know about the “construction of meaningTo know about the “construction of meaning

s”;s”;3) To analyze the role of environmental elements i3) To analyze the role of environmental elements i

n English and Chinese writings;n English and Chinese writings;4) To trace the text’s progression/organization (d4) To trace the text’s progression/organization (d

eductive method) ; eductive method) ; 5) And to cultivate our consciousness of perspecti5) And to cultivate our consciousness of perspecti

ves and cultural comparison/contrast.ves and cultural comparison/contrast.

A General Review :A General Review :Session 3Session 3

1. A General Review1. A General Review *Langston Hughes: *Langston Hughes: DreamsDreams : A Reading-aloud : A Reading-aloud Hold fast to dreamsHold fast to dreams For if dreams dieFor if dreams die Life is a broken-winged birdLife is a broken-winged bird That cannot flyThat cannot fly Hold fast to dreamsHold fast to dreams For when dreams goFor when dreams go Life is a barren fieldLife is a barren field Frozen with snow (two stanzas from the peom)Frozen with snow (two stanzas from the peom)

Session 3Session 3

*Text Summary*Text Summary *Why did the author cry ? *Why did the author cry ? *how to interpret Salvation as in the text? *how to interpret Salvation as in the text? *In “Still I kept waiting to see Jesus”, which *In “Still I kept waiting to see Jesus”, which

word should be specially stressed? And what dword should be specially stressed? And what does it convey? oes it convey?

*How to interpret “Ninety and nine safe in th*How to interpret “Ninety and nine safe in the fold” ?e fold” ?

(To meaning construction )(To meaning construction )

Session 3Session 3

2.2. Construction of MeaningsConstruction of Meanings:: ** light; lamb; fold: (symbols, images, icons)** light; lamb; fold: (symbols, images, icons)** Zhu and Liang** Zhu and Liang （朱光潜与梁宗岱）：“骏马秋风塞外，（朱光潜与梁宗岱）：“骏马秋风塞外， 杏花春雨江南” 杏花春雨江南” the sublime/masculine vs. the beautifthe sublime/masculine vs. the beautif

ul/feminine: (typical images/icons in classical Chinese ul/feminine: (typical images/icons in classical Chinese peotry) peotry)

** Bian(** Bian( 卞之琳卞之琳 )) ：“山前一汪小水，变成明朝村中一树杏：“山前一汪小水，变成明朝村中一树杏花”与“小楼一夜听春雨，明朝深巷卖杏花”花”与“小楼一夜听春雨，明朝深巷卖杏花” ..

(to generalization)(to generalization)

Session 3Session 3

Generalization:Generalization: The word, especially the culturally loaded one, or the The word, especially the culturally loaded one, or the

one that is patient of several interpretations, doesn’t one that is patient of several interpretations, doesn’t exit there in isolation or for no reason. The constructioexit there in isolation or for no reason. The construction of its meaning is dependent to a certain degree on pn of its meaning is dependent to a certain degree on previous/influential/typical texts regarding the word. (lirevious/influential/typical texts regarding the word. (light, lamb and fold must be understood metaphoricallght, lamb and fold must be understood metaphorically and symbolically from the Christian perspecive as shy and symbolically from the Christian perspecive as shown in the Holy Scripture. ) own in the Holy Scripture. )

(To environmental elements)(To environmental elements)

Session 3Session 3

3. About Environmental Elements in English a3. About Environmental Elements in English and Chinese Writing nd Chinese Writing

• Hot ,late (P6, p11): environmental elementsHot ,late (P6, p11): environmental elements RoleRole Chinese: (A description of the environment/setChinese: (A description of the environment/set

ting/scene is almost inseparable in Chinese wrting/scene is almost inseparable in Chinese writings, especially in literary writings.) itings, especially in literary writings.)

English: (less frequent, and less important)English: (less frequent, and less important) (to exemplifications)(to exemplifications)

Session 3Session 3

Examples:Examples: Lu Xun’s short fictions: Lu Xun’s short fictions: In SendaiIn Sendai, , HometownHometown Liu Bannong(Liu Bannong( 刘半农刘半农 ) : Longing) : Longing Reasons:Reasons: *Wang Guowei ( *Wang Guowei ( 王国维王国维 )) ：“一切景语，皆情语也。” ：“一切景语，皆情语也。” (Wo(Wo

rds for the view are also words for emotions and feelings )rds for the view are also words for emotions and feelings ) （（ MenMeng: Things without will essentially point to things within.g: Things without will essentially point to things within. ） ）

** 中国人侧重自然，天人合一，较少重心理描写。中国人侧重自然，天人合一，较少重心理描写。 ** 西人更重事、重心理西人更重事、重心理 : : 《浮生六记》《浮生六记》 (Six Chapters of A Floating Lif(Six Chapters of A Floating Lif

e) *e) * 英国人译本：景物描写大多省去。英国人译本：景物描写大多省去。 (To deductive method)(To deductive method)

Session 3Session 3

4.The Organization/Progression of the Text: 4.The Organization/Progression of the Text: Deductive method ( as opposed to inductive Deductive method ( as opposed to inductive method) :method) :

In almost all functional writings and even in many In almost all functional writings and even in many literary texts in English, the deductive method is literary texts in English, the deductive method is employed . It goes from a statement, hypothesis, or employed . It goes from a statement, hypothesis, or general idea made at the very beginning to the general idea made at the very beginning to the narration, description, manifestations, evidences, narration, description, manifestations, evidences, arguments, etc. The train/stream of thought is “from arguments, etc. The train/stream of thought is “from the general to particulars”. While induction follows the general to particulars”. While induction follows the other way around. the other way around.

(to (to exemplifications)exemplifications)

Session 3Session 3

Exemplifications: Exemplifications: **The textThe text: salvation: A brief discussion : salvation: A brief discussion **Pride and PrejuicePride and Prejuice: Opening chapter : Opening chapter **Hard TimesHard Times: Opening chapter : Opening chapter (It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age o(It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age o

f wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, f wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was tit was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the wintehe season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before r of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct tus, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way… )he other way… )

*A student asking for a program timetable*A student asking for a program timetable (To perspective analysis)(To perspective analysis)

Session 3Session 3

5. Cultivation of Perspective and5. Cultivation of Perspective and ComparisonComparison 1) Sin vs. crime, wrongdoing, offence, violation,etc 1) Sin vs. crime, wrongdoing, offence, violation,etc （罪、罪孽、罪愆（罪、罪孽、罪愆 )) Negro vs. black Negro vs. black save vs. rescue …(wife, spouse, love, beloved…) save vs. rescue …(wife, spouse, love, beloved…) 66. 1) Questions and answers: . 1) Questions and answers: 2) A quick glimpse of what’s to come2) A quick glimpse of what’s to come 3) Assignment: A Bible Story to tell3) Assignment: A Bible Story to tell (The end of session 3 )(The end of session 3 )

Session 4Session 4

1. Broadened language and culture1. Broadened language and culture

1.1 Linguistic Features of the Bible1.1 Linguistic Features of the Bible

simple, Easily comprehensible yet vague, simple, Easily comprehensible yet vague, non-theoretical, imagistic, non-theoretical, imagistic, metaphorical, rhythmical, incomplete metaphorical, rhythmical, incomplete sentences (in some cases), mysterious sentences (in some cases), mysterious

Session 4Session 4

1.2 The Bible and the English Language: Ph1.2 The Bible and the English Language: Phrases and Allusionsrases and Allusions

IdiomsIdioms ：： 1).types of persons: wise as Solomon, gr1).types of persons: wise as Solomon, gr

eedy as Ahab, devout as Abraham, Eloqeedy as Ahab, devout as Abraham, Eloquent as Aaron; good Samaritans; doubtuent as Aaron; good Samaritans; doubting Thomas,ing Thomas,

Session 4Session 4

2) Bear one’s cross, the day of judgment, 2) Bear one’s cross, the day of judgment, Forbidden fruit is sweetest. No cross no Forbidden fruit is sweetest. No cross no crown. eye for eye, tooth for tooth; clean crown. eye for eye, tooth for tooth; clean hands, no respecter of persons, let the dead hands, no respecter of persons, let the dead bury the dead, kill the fatted calf. It’s better bury the dead, kill the fatted calf. It’s better to give than to take; Judge not, ye be not to give than to take; Judge not, ye be not judged. Man proposes; God disposes, apple judged. Man proposes; God disposes, apple of one’s eyes, a lion in the way, beat the of one’s eyes, a lion in the way, beat the air, hold out the olive branch; tower of air, hold out the olive branch; tower of Babel, serpent, Judas kiss, the last supperBabel, serpent, Judas kiss, the last supper

Session 4Session 4

Allusions:Allusions: Noah’s Ark, the creation of the world, Noah’s Ark, the creation of the world,

Eden, Adam, Eve, bone of the bone and Eden, Adam, Eve, bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh, serpent, forbidden fruit, flesh of the flesh, serpent, forbidden fruit, Adam’s apple, the fall of man, original sin, Adam’s apple, the fall of man, original sin, the tree of life, Cain and Abel, dove and the tree of life, Cain and Abel, dove and olive leaf, Lamb of Passover, scapegoat, olive leaf, Lamb of Passover, scapegoat, the Jordan before Moses, the elect of God, the Jordan before Moses, the elect of God, land of promise, David and Jonathan, land of promise, David and Jonathan, Satan, my cup runs over, twelve disciples, Satan, my cup runs over, twelve disciples, the lost sheep, five loaves and two fishes, the lost sheep, five loaves and two fishes, Judas, thirty pieces of silver, prodigal son Judas, thirty pieces of silver, prodigal son

Session 4Session 4

1.3. The Bible and the Chinese Language and 1.3. The Bible and the Chinese Language and LiteratureLiterature

11 ）“自）“自 18231823 年马礼逊全译本《圣经》出版，到年马礼逊全译本《圣经》出版，到19981998 年，《圣经》在中国共计发行年，《圣经》在中国共计发行 33 亿余册。”亿余册。”

22 ）朱自清：“近世基督教圣经的官话翻译，也增）朱自清：“近世基督教圣经的官话翻译，也增富了我们的语言。”富了我们的语言。” e.g. New wine in the old be.g. New wine in the old bottle, the last supper, olive branchottle, the last supper, olive branch

3) 3) 胡适、林语堂、鲁迅、郭沫若、郁达夫、冰心、胡适、林语堂、鲁迅、郭沫若、郁达夫、冰心、沈从文、巴金以及曹禺，皆受了圣经的积极影响：沈从文、巴金以及曹禺，皆受了圣经的积极影响：文字、主题、风格等。文字、主题、风格等。

Session 4Session 4

1.4 The Bible and Movies 1.4 The Bible and Movies

Road to Perdition Road to Perdition

MatrixMatrix

Seven Deadly Sins Seven Deadly Sins

Session 4Session 4

1.5 Christian Festivals and Rituals 1.5 Christian Festivals and Rituals • Advent(Advent( 基督降临基督降临 ) , Good Friday) , Good Friday （受难节：复（受难节：复

活节前的星期五）活节前的星期五） , Ascension Day, Ascension Day （耶稣升天）（耶稣升天） ,, Whitsunday Whitsunday （圣灵降灵节：复活节后第七个星（圣灵降灵节：复活节后第七个星期日）期日） , Trinity, Trinity （三一节，复活主日，也叫（三一节，复活主日，也叫 TriniTrinity Sundayty Sunday ）） , Easter, Easter （复活节）（复活节） , Hallowmas, Hallowmas（诸圣日（诸圣日 1111月月 11日）日） , Boxing Day, Boxing Day （节礼日）（节礼日） . .

• Names for RitualsNames for Rituals ：： BenedictionBenediction （赐福祈福，（赐福祈福，[[ 饭前饭前 //饭后饭后 ]] 感恩祷告）感恩祷告） , Intercession, Intercession （代人（代人祷告）祷告） , prayer, prayer （祈祷）（祈祷） , service, service （礼拜式） （礼拜式）

Session 4Session 4

2. Assignments2. Assignments

1). A reading of Part of Genesis 1). A reading of Part of Genesis

2). A reading of the Ten 2). A reading of the Ten CommandmentsCommandments

Part III Part III Session 5Session 5

1. Presentation: A Bible Story and 1. Presentation: A Bible Story and Its Implication/significanceIts Implication/significance ( (3 3 students to be invited to present the students to be invited to present the story to the classstory to the class))

2. Exercises:2. Exercises: Paraphrasing, grammar, Paraphrasing, grammar, translation, etc. translation, etc.

3. Questions and Answers3. Questions and Answers

Session 6Session 6

1. To offer a Christmas song1. To offer a Christmas song ：： Lyrics Lyrics 2. some “’d-better-know’s”2. some “’d-better-know’s”2.1The Holy Bible and Daily Life2.1The Holy Bible and Daily Life 1) Baptism: 1) Baptism: “I baptize you in the name of the Father, “I baptize you in the name of the Father,

and the son, and of the Holy spirit”and the son, and of the Holy spirit” 2) Swearing-in: American President 2) Swearing-in: American President Giving testimony in the courtGiving testimony in the court Cross one’s chest: football playersCross one’s chest: football players Accidents: Amen! Thus may the Lord do. Accidents: Amen! Thus may the Lord do. In God, we trust. (In notes)In God, we trust. (In notes)

Session 6Session 6

2.2.2 2 . The Ten Commandments: . The Ten Commandments: A brief analysisA brief analysis 2.32.3 ．． The Seven Deadly SinsThe Seven Deadly Sins Seven: about the figure Seven: about the figure The Seven Deadly Sins:The Seven Deadly Sins: 傲慢 傲慢 (Pride)(Pride) 、暴怒、暴怒 (Wrath)(Wrath) 、、懒惰懒惰 (Sloth)(Sloth) 、贪婪、贪婪 (Greed)(Greed) 、嫉妒、嫉妒 (Envy)(Envy) 、饕餮、饕餮 (Glutt(Gluttony)ony) 、以及淫欲、以及淫欲 (Lust)(Lust) 。。

3. Summary and Suggestions/requirements3. Summary and Suggestions/requirements

Thanks!Thanks!