Unit 4 Important Dates

Unit 4 Important Dates

1. Your projects are due TOMORROW! PRINT OUT AT HOME!

2. You need headphones on Thursday & Friday (June 3rd & 4th)

3. Unit 4 Test: Tuesday, June 8th

Political Map of the Middle East

U.S. Interests in the Middle East


Promoting regional peace and stability

U.S. Military Bases in the Middle East

http://www.japanfocus.org/data/1.%20us-bases-in-the-middle-east-a.jpg

Arms Sales to the Middle East


Maintaining access to the region’s oil

Which percentage of the world’s oil reserves does the Middle East have?

Who are the top three oil producers in the Middle East?


Ensuring Israel’s security


Resolving Israeli- Palestinian conflict

U.S. Interests in the Middle EastStrengthening ties with Arab allies (label on your map with a star)

Egypt

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia Jordan

Kuwait

UAE

Bahrain

WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM???


Containing Iran

Who are the 2 people here? What is the significance of an olive branch? What is the point of this cartoon?


Combating extremism and terrorism that fuel anti-Western views


Stabilizing and withdrawing from Iraq

Two Rival Branches of Islam

Sunnis & Shiites (Shia)

The Divided Islamic World

According to the map, where does it appear that most of the Shia Muslims reside?

What 4 countries on the map are majority Shiite?

Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims

85-90% of Muslims are Sunni.

Only 10-15% are Shiite (Shia)

Shiites are the persecuted minority

Shiites make up majority in only four countries:

IraqIranBahrainAzerbaijan

CHECK OUT THE READING!

Answer the following questions from the reading on Sunnis and Shi’ites:

1) What is the difference in the origins of these branches of Islam?

2) How different are these religions in practice?

3) What makes the leadership of the two branches different?

4) What are the differences in religious texts?

The Rise of Iran

Power Shift:

The Rise of Shiite Dominated Iran

Power Shift:

The end of Saddam Hussein’s Sunni controlled government in Iraq left majority Shiite Iran in a far more powerful position.

Sunni Arab governments like Egypt and Saudi Arabia are concerned about the rise of Shiite power in the Middle East

Israel and the US are also concerned about the Shiite rise of power. Why? Who are our allies in the ME?

Can Iran Be Contained?

By the U.S.? By Israel?

By its Sunni neighbors?

Conflict in Iraq

Iraq’s Divided Population

Sunni Arabs20%

Shiite Arabs60%

Sunni Kurds17%

Iraq’s Sunni Arabs

20% of Iraq’s population.

Sunni Baathists controlled the government under Saddam Hussein.

Lost power when U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003.

Iraq’s Shiite Arabs


Harshly persecuted under Saddam Hussein.

Now control Iraq’s electedgovernment.

Have developed close ties with Iran.

Iraqi Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki

Iraqi Parliament

Saddam Hussein’sAnti-Shiite Propaganda, 1980s

Iraq’s Sunni Kurds


Sunni Muslims, but notArabs.

Fairly liberal Muslims, the Kurds often wear Western-style clothes, and Kurdish women never hide their faces

Hated Saddam Hussein.Fought with U.S. againsthim.

Largely autonomous andwant their own state.

Saddam Hussein used chemicalweapons againstKurdish villagesin 1988.

Several hundredthousand Kurdsdied in these gasattacks.

Saddam’s Gassing of the Kurds, 1988

U.S. Invasion of Iraq 2003

Iraqi army easily defeated .

Iraqi government collapsed.

Saddam Hussein eventually captured, tried, and hangedby Iraq’s new government.

The Fall of a Tyrant

The Sunni Insurgency in Iraq

Violent Sunni insurgencybegan soon after the U.S. invaded Iraq.

Most were local Baathists:Iraqi Sunnis trying to regain power and reestablish Sunni-controlled government.

Many were former members of Iraqi military.

Al Qaeda in Iraq

A minority of Sunni insurgents are foreign jihadists – Islamic extremists who came to Iraq to fight jihad against the U.S.

“Al Qaeda in Iraq,” tied toal Qaeda and responsible for worst atrocities and attacks.

Iraq’s Sectarian Violence

Violence between Sunnis andShiites.

Sunni jihadists targeted Shiitecivilians in order to ignite civilwar.

Shiite militia “death squads” retaliated by targeting Sunni civilians.

Shiite Extremists in Iraq

Many Shiite militias – somewith close ties to Iran.

Mahdi Army – Radical Shittegroup led by Moqtada al-Sadr(radical cleric).

Took up arms against coalitionforces in 2004.

Why the Decline in Violence in Iraq During Second Half of 2007?

“The Surge” – Bush sent 30,000 more troops to Iraq.

Many Sunni insurgents persuaded to turn against foreign extremists.

Muqtada al Sadr declared cease-fire.

U.S. Withdrawal from Iraq

Obama following the samewithdrawal schedule as Bush.

All U.S. combat troops withdrawn bythe end of 2011.

Forces in peacekeeping role

Iraq After the U.S. Leaves

What concernsabout the futureof Iraq does this graphic express?

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Video Overview of Conflict

http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/

Unit 4 Day 3 Thurs. June 3rd

Notes from “Arab-Israeli Conflict” until “Yasser Arafat: Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?

Part 1 of documentary, complete worksheet on pg. 21-22. You can access the video 2 ways, in my Stu-Public folder

and on my Wiki streamed from the internet.

Check “1967:Six Day War” article if I didn’t already

Last packets given outHW: Bring headphones for tomorrow

Why the hate?

The Zionist Movement

Movement to establish Jewish state in Palestine, the biblical homeland of the Jews.

European Jews emigrated to Palestine in large numbersfollowing World War I, withsupport of League of Nationsand the British government.

World’s support for creatingJewish state increased after World War II / Holocaust.

The Palestinians

Palestinians were the Arab inhabitants of Palestine.

Opposed creation of Jewish state in their homeland.

Violent conflicts broke outin Palestine between Arabs and Jews. Hundreds died.

U.N. partitioned British-controlled Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.

Jews accepted partitionplan.

Arabs rejected it.

1947 U.N. Partition Plan

1948 First Arab-Israeli War

May 15 – Israel declared itselfan independent state.

Led to first Arab-Israeli War.

Israel immediately attackedby five Arab countries.

Egypt

Syria

Jordan

Iraq

Lebanon

Israel defeated the combinedArab countries – and seizedterritory UN had designatedfor the Palestinians.

Cease-fire agreement endedfighting but Arabs refused tosign peace treaty.

No Arab country recognized Israel.

750,000 Palestinian refugeesfled to Arab states.

Victorious Israeli soldiers 1948

Palestinian refugees1948

1956 The Suez War

Egypt nationalized Suez Canal.

Israel, Britain and Franceattacked Egypt and capturedthe canal and Sinai peninsula.

U.S. opposed attack and U.S. and U.N. imposed a cease-fireand a withdraw from Sinai.

Egyptian PresidentGamel Abdel Nasser

1967 The Six Day War

Israel preemptively attackedEgypt after Egypt mobilizedits army.

Jordan and Syria attackedIsrael.

War ended with decisive victory for Israel and Israeltripled amount of territoryit controlled.

Results of Six Day War (label on your map)

Israel captured this territory in 1967:

Golan Heightsfrom Syria.

West Bank andEast Jerusalemfrom Jordan.

Sinai Peninsulaand Gaza Strip from Egypt.

Results of the Six Day War

Israel now governed 1 millionPalestinians in Gaza and theWest Bank.

UN Security Council passedResolution 242 calling forIsrael to withdraw from theoccupied territories. Israel refused.

Also called for Arab states to recognize Israel and guaranteesecurity of Israel’s borders.

Results of the Six Day War

Arab’s suffered humiliating defeat, but Arab leaders remained committed to Israel’s destruction.

Many Palestinians becameradicalized and turned toguerilla groups like thePLO.

The PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

Yasser Arafat’s group, Fatah,took control of the PLO (1969).

Under Arafat, PLO fought adecades-long guerilla waragainst Israel to “liberatePalestine.”

Goals: Destruction of Israel and establishment of secular Palestinian state.

PLO ChairmanYasser Arafat

Israel and U.S.branded Arafatas a terrorist, but he was admired as afreedom fighterby Palestinians and their allies throughout the world.

Yasser Arafat:Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?

Unit 4 Day 4 Fri. June 4th (Prom)

Notes from “PLO Terrorism” to “New Palestinian Leadership 2004”

Part 2 of documentary, complete worksheet on pg. 21-22. You can access the video in your share drive, my

Stu-Public folder or on my Wiki streamed from the internet.

HW: Have fun & be safe! Your Middle East Test is on Tuesday!

PLO Terrorism

Munich Olympics 1972

Palestinian terrorist from “Black September”

11 Israeli athletes and coaches were killed at Munich

Yom Kippur War, 1973

Egypt and Syria attackedIsrael on Jewish holy day.

Israel repelled attack andcease-fire declared.

1979 Camp David Accords

Peace treaty signed by Israeland Egypt.

Egypt became first Arab state to recognize Israel.

Israel returned Sinai Peninsulato Egypt.

Anwar Sadat assassinated by Islamic extremists in 1981.

President Carter with EgyptianPresident Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin

Israel’s Invasion of Lebanon, 1982

Israel invaded Lebanon todestroy PLO bases.

Negotiated settlementallowed Arafat and PLO fighters to go to Tunisia.

Israeli army occupiedsouthern Lebanon for almost 20 years (until2000)

Hezbollah (“Party of God”)

Lebanese resistance groupformed in response to Israel’s occupation.

Islamic extremists whooppose Israel’s existence.

Supported by Iran and Syria.

Considered to be terrorist

group by the U.S.

Hezbollah leader Hassen Nasrallah

and Hezbollah fighters

First Intifada 1987-1993

Palestinian uprising againstIsraeli occupation of WestBank and Gaza.

First suicide attacks in Israel.

1,500 Palestinians and 400Israeli’s died over six years.

Hamas

Islamic militant groupfounded in 1987 with vowto “liberate Palestine through violent jihad.”

Has carried out scores of suicide bombings againstIsrael during past decade.

Supported by Iran andSyria.

1993 Oslo Accords

President Clinton brokeredpeace agreement betweenIsrael and the PLO.

PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and renounced use of violence.

PLO goal now a Palestinianstate next to Israel. Clinton with Israeli Prime Minister

Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat

Oslo Accords: “Land for Peace”

Israel agreed to gradual Palestinianself-rule in Gaza and West Bank asfirst steps towards establishment ofPalestinian state.

Palestinian Authority (PA) createdto govern Palestinian territories.

Arafat became first leader of the PA.

Jordanian-Israeli Peace Agreement 1994

Jordan became only the second Arab state to sign a peace treatywith Israel.

Second Intifada 2000 - 2005

Clinton’s attempt to reachfinal settlement between Israel and Palestinians in2000 failed.

Led to second, more violent,Palestinian uprising.

Dozens of suicide bombingsin Israel and Israeli crack-down in Gaza / West Bankleft thousands dead.

Hamas Suicide Attacks

New Palestinian Leadership 2004 Yasser Arafat

diedin 2004.

Mahmoud Abbaselected as Arafat’ssuccessor.

Unit 4 Day 5 Mon. June 7th

Notes from “Israeli Disengagement” to the end

Read “Abbas, Netanyahu spurn US Approach” on pg. 23 and answer questions on pg. 21

HW: Study for your test tomorrow. Don’t forget about the maps!

Israeli Disengagement 2005

Israel acted to “disengage” fromPalestinians by evacuating allGaza settlements and withdraw-ing all troops from Gaza.

Also began construction of acontroversial security barrierseparating Israel from the West Bank.

Israel Dismantling of Settlements

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=675267n

Lebanon War 2006

Hezbollah attacked Israeli civilian areas with rocketsand killed eight Israelisoldiers.

Israel responded by bombingand invading Lebanon again to destroy Hezbollah.

Month-long war leaves 1,500dead before U.N. brokered cease-fire agreement.

Hamas Election Victory 2006

Hamas won surprise victoryover Fatah in Palestinianelections and takes control of Palestinian parliament.

Creates bitter division b/wFatah and Hamas.

Western nations cut off aidto Palestinian Authority.

Palestinian Civil War 2007

In 2007 fighting broke out in Gaza between Hamas and Fatah forces.

Hamas defeated Fatah andtook control of Gaza.

Fatah now controls only theparts of the West Bank notunder Israeli occupation.

Hamas fighters

Fatah fighters

Palestinian Power Struggle Today

Hamas Fatah

Islamic extremists.

Supported by Iran andSyria.

No recognition of Israel.

Controls all of Gaza.

Secular moderates.

Supported by U.S., E.U.and most Arab states.

Wants peace with Israel.

Controls parts of West Bank not under Israel control.

Hamas vs. Fatah: How They Compare

War in Gaza 2008

Almost daily rocket attacks against Israeli towns provoked Israeli air strikes and ground assaultagainst Hamas in Gaza.

Three week long war killed 1,400 Palestinians and 13 Israelis.

Both sides accused of war crimes(deliberately targeting civilians) and Israel widely criticized for using excessive force.

Unresolved Issues

What are the unresolvedissues preventing a final peace agreement betweenIsrael and the Palestinians?

President Obama with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and

Palestinian President Malmond Abbas.

Unresolved Issue # 1

Permanent Borders of Palestinian State

Palestinians want Israeli to withdraw to pre-1967 borders

Future Palestinian state most likely in Gaza Strip and West Bank but exact borders are still undecided

Israel still occupies and controls parts of the West Bank.

300,000 Jewish settlers now live in the West Bank and Israel has annexed some West Bank territory.

Israeli West Bank Settlements

Peace Process Stalled Over Settlements

Palestinians insist that Israel halt expansion of all settlements before they’ll return to peace talks.

Current Israeli government has so far refused. Building 700 apartments in East Jerusalem as of Dec. 09

Obama has backed off demands for complete halt to construction.

Palestinians have accused U.S. of “backpedaling” on settlement issue.

Obama and Israeli PMBenjamin Netanyahu

Obama and Palestinian

President Abbas


Palestinian Refugees and Right of Return

Four million displaced Palestinianstoday living in refugee camps inoccupied territories and neighboringArab states.

Palestinians want refugees or theirdescendants to be able to return tohomes they lost in 1948.

Israel has rejected idea of refugeesreturning to Israel. Would threatenexistence of Israel as a Jewish state.


Control of East Jerusalem

Palestinians want East Jerusalemas the capital of their future state.

Israel has annexed East Jerusalem and has vowed it will never give itup.

Residents of East Jerusalem mostlyPalestinians, but 250,000 Israelisnow live there as well.


Secure Borders for Israel

How to guaranteesecurity of Israel’sborders if radicalsrefuse to recognizeIsrael’s right toexist and continueto launch cross-border attacks?

Unit 4 Day 6 Tues. June 8th

Middle East TestComplete crossword for “Conflict and

Cooperation”Review Final Exam Essay work

Map of the Middle East: Label me correctly using the countries

below please

IranIraqSyriaSaudi ArabiaLebanonIsraelJordan

KuwaitTurkmenistanAfghanistanPakistanOmanYemen

#3

Please label the territories captured by Israel in the 1967 Six Day War:

1. Golan Heights

2. West Bank

3. Gaza Strip

4. Sinai Peninsula

Unit 4 Day 1 Tues. June 1st

Test Video of Arab-Israeli Conflict in Lab

• Copy into your share driveLabel Map of the Middle East in lab

and answer question at the bottom• Add Bahrain, Egypt and United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Unit 4 Day 1 Tues. June 1st (continued)

PP Notes until “Can Iran Be Contained?”1. Go to “My Computer”2. WST_SHARES3. Besack4. STU_PUBLIC5. IR6. 2010 Unit 4 Middle East PowerPoint

Review mapHW: Your final projects are due tomorrow

whether you are here or not!

Unit 4 Day 2 Wed. June 2nd

Middle East Test Review given outNotes from “Conflict in Iraq” until ‘Iraq

After the US Leaves”Video overview of “Arab-Israeli Conflict”Read and answer questions to “1967: Six-

Day War” article on pg. 2-6. Read timeline first.

HW: Finish article questions if you didn’t in class. You need headphones for tomorrow & Friday!

Unit 4 Day 3 Thurs. June 3rd

Notes from “Arab-Israeli Conflict” until “Yasser Arafat: Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?

Part 1 of documentary, complete worksheet on pg. 21-22. You can access the video 2 ways, in my Stu-Public folder

and on my Wiki streamed from the internet.

Check “1967:Six Day War” article if I didn’t already

Last packets given outHW: Bring headphones for tomorrow

Unit 4 Day 4 Fri. June 4th (Prom)

Notes from “PLO Terrorism” to “New Palestinian Leadership 2004”

Part 2 of documentary, complete worksheet on pg. 21-22. You can access the video in your share drive, my

Stu-Public folder or on my Wiki streamed from the internet.

HW: Have fun & be safe! Your Middle East Test is on Tuesday!

Unit 4 Day 5 Mon. June 7th

Notes from “Israeli Disengagement” to the end

Read “Abbas, Netanyahu spurn US Approach” on pg. 23 and answer questions on pg. 21

HW: Study for your test tomorrow. Don’t forget about the maps!

Unit 4 Day 6 Tues. June 8th

Middle East TestComplete crossword for “Conflict and

Cooperation”Review Final Exam Essay work

Documents

Unit 4 Important Dates