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Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

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Page 1: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa

-West and Central Africa-East Africa

-Southern Africa

Page 2: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Early HistoryEarly HistoryWest & Central

Africa earliest documented kingdoms:

began around 800 A.D. gained economic strength by est.

systems of trade between the peoples of the arid north and

those in the tropical rainforests of the Congo basin.

These Kingdoms included: Ghana Empire about 1050 A.D. Mali Empire about 1337 A.D. Songhai Empire about 1500 A.D.

The City of Tombouctou: a major

intersection for trade from.

West & Central Africa

earliest documented kingdoms: began around 800 A.D. gained economic strength by est.

systems of trade between the peoples of the arid north and

those in the tropical rainforests of the Congo basin.

These Kingdoms included: Ghana Empire about 1050 A.D. Mali Empire about 1337 A.D. Songhai Empire about 1500 A.D.

The City of Tombouctou: a major

intersection for trade from.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 3: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Early HistoryEarly HistoryWest & Central Africa

The early kingdoms of West Africa traded gold, cloth, and slaves, cultural elements exotic foods the Islamic faith

The peoples of the tropical rainforests less interaction with

these trade networks

West & Central Africa The early kingdoms

of West Africa traded gold, cloth, and slaves, cultural elements exotic foods the Islamic faith

The peoples of the tropical rainforests less interaction with

these trade networks

Page 4: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Early HistoryEarly HistoryEast Africa

East African cultures depended oral histories: passed

from one generation to another, little evidence remains of their existence.

The earliest documented civilizations The Kush Kingdom,

which ruled the middle Nile River Valley (modern-day Sudan)

East Africa East African cultures

depended oral histories: passed

from one generation to another, little evidence remains of their existence.

The earliest documented civilizations The Kush Kingdom,

which ruled the middle Nile River Valley (modern-day Sudan)

Page 5: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Early HistoryEarly HistoryEast Africa

By 350 A.D., the Kush had been conquered by the Aksum Empiretrade center (now

Ethiopia)

The kings of Aksum adopted

Christianity

East AfricaBy 350 A.D., the

Kush had been conquered by the Aksum Empiretrade center (now

Ethiopia)

The kings of Aksum adopted

Christianity

Page 6: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Around 500 A.D. Arab traders began sailing along

Africa’s east coast Est. ports for the trade

goldivory

The languageSwahili derived from the original languages of the

African coast combined with Arabic. Trade routes have taken the language as far

west as the Congo

Around 500 A.D. Arab traders began sailing along

Africa’s east coast Est. ports for the trade

goldivory

The languageSwahili derived from the original languages of the

African coast combined with Arabic. Trade routes have taken the language as far

west as the Congo

Page 7: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Early HistoryEarly HistorySouthern Africa

Bantu peoples Hunter-gatherers animal herders migrated to Southern

Africa around A.D. 100.

raised crops beans and sorghum,

and herded cattle, goats and sheep.

knew how to make iron tools Great Zimbabwe.

Great Zimbabwe empire

Southern Africa Bantu peoples

Hunter-gatherers animal herders migrated to Southern

Africa around A.D. 100.

raised crops beans and sorghum,

and herded cattle, goats and sheep.

knew how to make iron tools Great Zimbabwe.

Great Zimbabwe empire

Page 8: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & Colonization

European Contact & Colonization

West & Central Africa Europeans arrived

on the west coast of Africa around the late 1400s. explorers were in

search of a water route to Asia

Stayed for gold trade rarely ventured

beyond the coastal areas because of

thick jungles, tropical diseases,few navigable riversnatural harbors.

West & Central Africa Europeans arrived

on the west coast of Africa around the late 1400s. explorers were in

search of a water route to Asia

Stayed for gold trade rarely ventured

beyond the coastal areas because of

thick jungles, tropical diseases,few navigable riversnatural harbors.

Page 9: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & Colonization

European Contact & Colonization

West & Central Africa 1500s, demand for

slaves increased focus of trade from gold

to slaves. Europeans supplied

guns to the coastal tribes of West Africa

Between 1500 and 1800, approximately 10 million Africans were taken to the Americas as slaves. (now Senegal and Angola.)

West & Central Africa 1500s, demand for

slaves increased focus of trade from gold

to slaves. Europeans supplied

guns to the coastal tribes of West Africa

Between 1500 and 1800, approximately 10 million Africans were taken to the Americas as slaves. (now Senegal and Angola.)

Page 10: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & ColonizationWest & Central Africa

1800s European industrialization demanded minerals tropical farm products climates and rich soils of

West Africa were perfect for growing products such as:

Cocoa Peanuts Rubber

European countries: sought political control led to a period of

colonization: lasted for almost 100 years.

West & Central Africa

1800s European industrialization demanded minerals tropical farm products climates and rich soils of

West Africa were perfect for growing products such as:

Cocoa Peanuts Rubber

European countries: sought political control led to a period of

colonization: lasted for almost 100 years.

Page 11: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Post-ColonizationPost-ColonizationWest & Central Africa

1976 all of Africa’s countries in this region were independent. Colonization affected the region

Commercial economies est. by Europeans , left many Africans dependent on low wages, unemployed, high illiteracy rate. rival ethnic groups are left to fight

for power in newly independent countries, causing serious political rivalries in the region.

West & Central Africa

1976 all of Africa’s countries in this region were independent. Colonization affected the region

Commercial economies est. by Europeans , left many Africans dependent on low wages, unemployed, high illiteracy rate. rival ethnic groups are left to fight

for power in newly independent countries, causing serious political rivalries in the region.

Page 12: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & ColonizationEast Africa

1500s the Portuguese built the first European forts along the coast of East Africa.

mid-1800s European and American explorers, missionaries and traders began to venture into the harsh inland. in search of precious minerals and

ivory During the colonization period

Europeans drew colonial boundaries without giving thought to human or physical geography. boundaries divided ethnic groups and

grouped traditional enemies. brought about conflicts that still haunt

the region today.

East Africa 1500s the Portuguese built the first

European forts along the coast of East Africa.

mid-1800s European and American explorers, missionaries and traders began to venture into the harsh inland. in search of precious minerals and

ivory During the colonization period

Europeans drew colonial boundaries without giving thought to human or physical geography. boundaries divided ethnic groups and

grouped traditional enemies. brought about conflicts that still haunt

the region today.

Page 13: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & ColonizationEast Africa

Europeans colonized much of East Africa the exception of Ethiopia built cities, hospitals, ports,

roads, and schools in the areas

exports included cash crops such as coffee, cotton, tea, and sisal.

Europeans educated Africans: led independence

movements gained their independence

during the 1950s and 60s.

East Africa Europeans colonized much

of East Africa the exception of Ethiopia built cities, hospitals, ports,

roads, and schools in the areas

exports included cash crops such as coffee, cotton, tea, and sisal.

Europeans educated Africans: led independence

movements gained their independence

during the 1950s and 60s.

Page 14: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

Post-Colonization Post-Colonization East Africa

East African cultures have given the world a rich heritage of architecture, art, folk tales, and music. rich religious history based on traditional

animist, Islamic, and Christian beliefs. organized into three linguistic groups:

The Nilotic Peoples are primarily herders from the Nile River area on the plains of Sudan.

The Cushiatic speakers live primarily between the Ethiopian highlands and the coast of Somalia.

The Bantu Speakers live farther south and include the Kikuyu of Kenya and the Hutu of Rwanda.

East AfricaEast African cultures have given the world

a rich heritage of architecture, art, folk tales, and music. rich religious history based on traditional

animist, Islamic, and Christian beliefs. organized into three linguistic groups:

The Nilotic Peoples are primarily herders from the Nile River area on the plains of Sudan.

The Cushiatic speakers live primarily between the Ethiopian highlands and the coast of Somalia.

The Bantu Speakers live farther south and include the Kikuyu of Kenya and the Hutu of Rwanda.

Page 15: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & ColonizationSouthern Africa

In their search for a water route to Asia, Portuguese sailors began exploring the southern African coast in the late 1400s. They began setting up small supply bases along the coast for Asian bound ships.

In 1652, the Dutch set up a small farming settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. They were joined by French and Germans and became known as the Boers. These Europeans began to consider Africa their home and called themselves Afrikaners. In time they developed their own language called Afrikaans.

Southern Africa In their search for a water route

to Asia, Portuguese sailors began exploring the southern African coast in the late 1400s. They began setting up small supply bases along the coast for Asian bound ships.

In 1652, the Dutch set up a small farming settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. They were joined by French and Germans and became known as the Boers. These Europeans began to consider Africa their home and called themselves Afrikaners. In time they developed their own language called Afrikaans.

Page 16: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & Colonization

Southern Africa In the 1800s Great Britain

took over the Cape and forced the Afrikaners inland to escape British rule.

The discovery of diamonds and gold led to a mass immigration of

Europeans into the area massive conflicts between

the British and Afrikaners for control of the region.

Southern Africa In the 1800s Great Britain

took over the Cape and forced the Afrikaners inland to escape British rule.

The discovery of diamonds and gold led to a mass immigration of

Europeans into the area massive conflicts between

the British and Afrikaners for control of the region.

Page 17: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

European Contact & ColonizationEuropean Contact & ColonizationSouthern Africa

African independence movements led to independence for most of

Southern Africa by 1980 conflicts continued in areas such

as Mozambique and Angola. Worst of these conflicts took

place in South Africa b/w the Afrikaners and Native

Africans Apartheid: a system of

segregation laws. These laws were initiated by a

white minority government to rule over the native peoples of the region.

Southern Africa African independence

movements led to independence for most of

Southern Africa by 1980 conflicts continued in areas such

as Mozambique and Angola. Worst of these conflicts took

place in South Africa b/w the Afrikaners and Native

Africans Apartheid: a system of

segregation laws. These laws were initiated by a

white minority government to rule over the native peoples of the region.

Page 18: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa

South Africa TodaySouth Africa Today Apartheid

countries began placing economic sanctions

Leading this movement to end apartheid was the African National Congress (ANC) which was established in 1912.

In 1990, South African government began disassembling the apartheid

system. freed the ANC’s imprisoned leader

Nelson Mandela.

1994 South Africa held its first elections open to all citizens.

Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president of South Africa.

Apartheid countries began placing economic

sanctions Leading this movement to end

apartheid was the African National Congress (ANC) which was established in 1912.

In 1990, South African government began disassembling the apartheid

system. freed the ANC’s imprisoned leader

Nelson Mandela.

1994 South Africa held its first elections open to all citizens.

Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president of South Africa.

Page 19: Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa -West and Central Africa -East Africa -Southern Africa