Unit 5 Absolutism, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, Revolutions

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Kings and Queens who ruled with unlimited power were called

Absolute Monarchs The belief that the king’s power came from

God was called Divine Right The positive aspects of of absolutism were Strengthened the country, unified people,

increased wealth, trade, powerful military

The negative aspects of absolutism were Social inequality, heavy taxes, costly wars,

selfish kings/queens, extravagant spending Name some of the absolute monarchs and

their country during this time Philip II (SP), Frederick (PR), Peter the Great

(R), Catherine the Great (R), Maria Theresa (AU), Louis XIV (FR)

What extravagant palace was built by Louis? Versailles

Monarchs who tried to make some reforms in their country were called

Enlightened monarchs (despots) What unpopular English kings came to power

following Elizabeth? Stuarts Which Stuart king was beheaded by

Parliament? Charles I

What Puritan dictator came to power during the English Civil War?

Oliver Cromwell The return of the Stuart monarchs to power in

England was known as The Restoration William and Mary came to power in a

bloodless revolution called the Glorious Revolution

What important document did William and Mary agree to?

Bill of Rights The time period which brought forth great

scientific achievements was called Scientific Revolution Solving a problem in a logical, rational way is

called the Scientific Method

The intellectual revolution where thinkers/writers began to apply natural laws and reason to governments was the

Enlightenment These great thinkers were known as Philosophes Who believed in the concept of “natural

rights?” John Locke

Who believed in the concept of Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances?

Montesquieu Who believed in freedom of expression,

religion? Voltaire Who believed that the people had the right to

overthrow government if it fails to protect the people

John Locke

Who believed that torture and capital punishment should be abolished?

Beccaria She believed in rights for women Mary Wollstonecraft Who believed in the “social contract” whereby

people agreed to be governed and this was voluntary situation?

Rousseau

What is the legacy (main ideas) of the Enlightenment?

Natural rights, consent of the governed, government can be overthrown if it fails in its duties, equality under the law, government powers are limited, separation of powers, checks and balances, majority rule, etc.

What was the economic system whereby the colonies provided resources to the mother country which produced finished products to sell to the colonies.

Mercantilism What was the period known as when the

British essentially ignored the colonists for 150 years?

Salutary Neglect

What was the meaning of “no taxation without representation?”

Colonists resented being taxed without having representatives in Parliament.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson What does Jefferson mean by “unalienable”

rights? Natural (or civil) rights

What was added to the Constitution to protect natural rights?

Bill of Rights In summary, what documents, laws, theories

that helped form our democracy came from the British?

Magna Carta, Petition of Right, No Taxation Without Representation, Trial by Jury, Habeas Corpus, Bill of Rights, Parliament (Bicameral Legislature), Cabinet

The name for the way of life in France before the Revolution was

Old Regime (L’anciem regime) The French legislature was called the Estates General The system of 3 separate classes in France

was called the Estates System Who made up the first estate?

Clergy Who made up the second estate? Nobility Who made up the third estate? Everyone else Who were the bourgeoisie? Middle class Why was the third estate so upset?

Had power, wealth, success, but no political rights, always outvoted in the Estates General

Who were the King and Queen of France in 1789?

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette What were their weaknesses? Out of touch with the people, extravagant

spending, disregarded Estates General

In 1789 the members of the Third Estate met and declared themselves to be the

National Assembly The National Assembly found themselves

locked out of their meeting hall so they met where?

Tennis Court They vowed not to disband until they created A Constitution

On July 14, 1789, crowds stormed this prison which was a symbol of the Old Regime

Bastille After the revolution began, the peasants

believed the king was going to destroy them. This was called

The Great Fear The document that established the rights of

Frenchmen was the

Declaration of the Rights of Man The radical group that took over the

government were called the Jacobins The period of radicalism where any enemies

of the revolution were executed was called The Reign of Terror Who led the Committee of Public Safety? Maximillien Robespierre

People were executed during this time with a Guillotine What military leader came to power following

the Reign of Terror? Napoleon Bonaparte The quick, military overthrow he used was a Coup d’etat Napoleon restored Church lands and power

by signing this

Concordat This provided for equality under the law Napoleonic Code Napoleon sold this large tract of land to the

United States Louisiana Territory Napoleon created this system to prevent

trade with Great Britain Continental System

What country did Napoleon invade unsuccessfully?

Russia What was the policy used by Russia where

they retreated and destroyed crops, livestock, along the way?

Scorched earth What was Napoleon’s “final destination?” Exiled to St. Helena for the rest of his life