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UNIT 5CELLULAR ENERGETICS
Chapter 8: PhotosynthesisChapter 9: Cellular Respiration
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
Heterotrophs vs. AutotrophsATP Structure and Function
PhotosynthesisEquationChloroplast StructureStage 1: Light AbsorptionStage 2: Electron Transport ChainStage 3: Calvin CycleLight Dependent vs. Light Independent
Cellular RespirationEquationMitochondria StructureStage 1: GlycolysisStage 2: Krebs CycleStage 3: Electron Transport ChainAmount of ATP producedLactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Life dependson sunlight(93 million miles)
1 day = 1.5 billion times the energy in US for 1 year
Energy = the ability to do work
“Food Chain”
makes eats
Heterotrophs = organisms that “eat”their food
Autotrophs =Organisms that make their own food (sun)
Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Energy Pyramid
HerbivoresCarnivoresOmnivores
Food
Broken down
Delivered
Energy Pathway?
?
ATPAdenosine Triphosphate
Nucleotidewith 2 extra P groups
Sugar
Nitrogen Base“Adenosine”Macromolecule? 3-P’s
Extra P groups unstable (neg charge = repel)
Bonds broken = release energy
ATP ADP + P
CELLULARRESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
= process by which sugar is broken down
to release energy (ATP).
Work requiresenergy
“EAT FOOD”
Where get energy?
Heterotrophs
Hence, we are called?
AlsoAutotrophs
Why?
They make itthen break it
Food broken down into smaller particles
Cells
Which system?
Where to?
Intestine Blood Muscle
“metabolism”
MitochondriaORGANELLE?
Chemical Equation for Respiration
Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen
ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
“Heat”
Reactants Products
6CO2C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O+ + + (36)ATP
3 Stages:GlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport Chain
Heat
Stage One:
“Glycolysis”
Cytoplasm
One 6 carbon (glucose)
Two 3 carbon (pyruvate)
2 ATP 4 ATP
Electron carrier
Pyruvate + Oxygen ATP + Water + CO2
Stage 2:“Krebs Cycle”
Mitochondria
Pyruvate NADH, FADH2, ATP
Pyruvate Mitochondria Acetyl CoA Matrix
3-C 2-CCO2 released
Enzyme assisted
Electron carrier
Electron carrier
Energy NADH and FADH2
Each Pyruvate
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
High energy electrons (NADH and FADH2) ATP
e- from NADHpump H+ out
e- and H+combine with 02
H2O
H+ diffuse through proteinsynthesize ATP
Majority
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
= process of trapping energy from sunlight and using it to build sugars.
Autotrophs
Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Take In Make/Give Off
Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2Light +
Light Energy
CO2 + H2O Chloroplast
Sugars + O2
LeavesStem
3 Stages1. Absorption of Light Energy2. Conversion of Light Energy3. Storage of Energy
STAGE 1Light Absorption
Chlorophyll in Thylakoids
ROY G BIVWeakestStrongest
Uses Most? Uses Least?
= Blue and Red
= Green and Yellow
Pigments =Chlorophyll a and b
Carotenoids
Found in Thylakoid membrane
1. Sunlight excites chlorophyll e-2. Water split by enzyme O2 and H+
and e-
Stage 2“Electron Transport Chain”
H+ moved in (energy required)Sunlight (re-energize e-)
NADP+ (e- + H+) NADPH
H+ continue to move in (protein)
Inside thylakoid +, Outside -
Provides energy ADP + P ATP
Stage 3
Stage 1 and 2
Higher energyforms
1. CO2 entersJoins 5-C Compounds
2. 3 6-C compounds split 6 3-C
Stage 3“Calvin Cycle”
3. 1 3-C compound removed
4. 5 remaining 3-CCompounds reform3 5-C compounds
Light-Dependent Reactions
NADPH
ATP
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Go to Section:
LightWater
O2
Stage 1 and 2“Light Dependent”
Light + Water ATP + NADPH + Oxygen
Light Energy Converted to Chemical Energy
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Go to Section:
CO2
Sugar!!!
Stage 3“Light Independent”
ATP + NADPH + CO2 Sugar + NADP+ + (ADP +P)
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Go to Section:
LightWater
O2
CO2
Sugar!!!
PHOTO vs. RESPIRATION
• End products of Photosynthesis
• Beginning products of Respiration
What have in common?
“Circle of Life”
