Unit 5Slavery, the Civil War, and

What Happened After

Slave Spirituals“Go Down, Moses”

“Wade in the Water”

“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”

“The Gospel Train’s A’Comin’”

“Follow the Drinking Gourd”

Slave SpiritualsReasons for singing spirituals in the field

EntertainmentCommunication of hidden messagesOverseer keeps track of where slaves areExpression of emotionsExpression of religion

Typically have biblical themes and storylines that are hiding communication about traveling on the Underground Railroad

Slave SpiritualsCommon codes

Chariot = Underground RailroadMoses = Harriet TubmanWade in the water = the dogs won’t be able to track

you“Tell the old Pharoah to let my people go”

Pharoah = slaveownersPeople = slaves

Literary TermsRefrain – a word, phrase, line, or group of lines that

appears regularly throughout the workEmphasizes the most important ideasHelps establish rhythm of the song

Frederick DouglassSlave who eventually gained freedom and

learned to read and write

Became a major voice for change and the abolishment of slavery

Summary of passage – When Frederick Douglass heard the singing of the slaves in the field, he could hear their sadness, as though singing was their form of crying. He could hear none of the joy that others thought they heard in the singing.

Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863 –

Many from both sides wounded in battle – devastating results

Main Ideas of the AddressThe nation was formed around the

idea that all men are created equal.

Do not let these soldiers die in vain.

All of us have to continue to fight for freedom and equality.

Gettysburg AddressLiterary Terms

Parallelism – similar grammatical structure to emphasize a point

Lincoln says “we can not dedicate – we cannot consecrate – we cannot hallow” to emphasize how important it is to honor the soldiers who have fallen.

Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds at the beginningLincoln says, “Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth…”

Antithesis – using opposites to emphasize contrasting ideasLincoln contrasts “living” vs. “dead” and “little note” vs. “never forget”

Repetition – repeating the same words and phrases to emphasize a pointLincoln says, “by the people, of the people, for the people.”

Letter to His Son1861

Tone – resignation and sadness

Main ideas of the letter Wants to preserve the United

States as one peaceful nation. Internal Conflict – Takes pride

in his country, but feels loyal to his state

Will only fight in defense of his state if he absolutely has to

Compare Lincoln and LeeDifference in Opinion

Lincoln expresses the idea that war is necessary in order to advance America’s goals of equality and freedom.

Lee expresses the idea that war should be avoided, but that he would fight if his friends and neighbors decided that was what was best.

They both believe that the United States needs to remain as one nation, like our forefathers wanted.

Difference in Audience and Purpose Lincoln is two years into the war and needs to rally the

public to continue or they will give up and everyone will have died for nothing.

Lee is speaking in letter form to a family member prior to the start of the war, and he wants both sides to come to a peaceful resolution if they can.

A Rose For EmilyA woman lives her life as an outcast in her small

town. After a courtship, her “fiancé” disappears and Miss Emily becomes even more of a recluse. Forty years later, Miss Emily dies and the townspeople enter an upstairs room to find the skeleton of her fiancé. Beside the body is a gray hair that indicates Miss Emily has been sleeping beside his body for many years. The story is told out of order, in a series of flashbacks.

William FaulknerRegional Writer – typically writes about a fictitious

county in Mississippi

A Rose For EmilyConflict – a struggle between opposing forces

Internal conflict – a character is torn by competing values or needsThe townspeople have to decide what to do about

the smell – confront the issue or cover it up.External conflict

Emily vs. the town – Non-payment of taxesEmily vs. Homer Barron – she wants to marry him and

he doesn’t want to get married

A Rose For EmilyAllegory – Miss Emily represents how the people

are still clinging to the ideas of the South before the war, even though that time has long past

Foreshadowing – Miss Emily buys rat poison, but refuses to tell what

it is for.Miss Emily is described as looking like a dead body.Homer Barron was last seen entering Miss Emily’s

house at dusk one night.