UNIT 7Chapter 23 – The French Revolution & Napoleon

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the Great Saint Bernard pass in 1801. Painting, Jacques Louis David.

CHAPTER 23The French Revolution and Napoleon,1789–1815

The French Revolution establishes a new political order, Napoleon Bonaparte gains and loses an empire, and European states forge a balance of power.

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

The French Revolution Begins

Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Napoleon Forges an Empire

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

SECTION 5 The Congress of Vienna

OBJECTIVES

CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the French Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna. Objective 7.1: Summarize the factors that

led to the French Revolution Objective 7.2: Explain the developments in French

government that led to the Reign of Terror Objective 7.3: Summarize how Napoleon restored order

in France. Objective 7.4: Summarize Napoleon’s defeat, comeback,

and final downfall along with the impact of the Congress of Vienna.

IMPORTANT LEADERS

Louis XVI: King of France (1774 – 1792)Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, wife to Louis XVI

Maximillian Robespierre: Influential leader of the Revolution, Jacobins, & the Reign of Terror

Jean-Paul Marat: newspaper writer who supported radical revolution in France

Georges Danton: early leader of the revolutionary Girondist group that wanted to end the power of the King Girondists were a small group of the Legislative Assembly that wanted

to get rid of Louis XVI, also led the war against Austria

Napoleon: became dictator of France after the Revolution

Chapter 23 SECTION 1 –

The French Revolution Begins

Economic and social inequalities in theOld Regime help cause the French Revolution.

THE OLD ORDER

The Old RegimeOld Regime — political (estate) system in France during

the 1770sEstates — three social classes of France’s Old Regime

The Privileged EstatesFirst Estate — Catholic clergy — own 10 percent land,

pay few taxes; provides aid/education to the poorSecond Estate — rich nobles — 2 percent population,

own 20 percent land; hate the Enlightenment

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THE THIRD ESTATE

The Third Estate (commoners) - 97 percent of people – are further separated into three groups Have few privileges, pay

heavy taxes, want change

#1 Bourgeoisie (Middle Class), owners, merchants, bankers

#2 urban workers#3 peasants, 80% of pop.

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WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT?

MONEY TROUBLES

Economic Troubles High taxes and rising costs damage

economy by 1780s The Seven Years War and aid to the

American Revolution had also increased debt

King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette known for extravagance

French King Louis XVI & wife Marie Antoinette double nation’s debt; banks refuse to lend more money in 1786

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MADAME DEFICIT

THE MOOD IN 1780’S FRANCE

The Third Estate is burdened with heavy taxes while the nobility pay none

Crop failures have made the price of bread double; many face starvation

Enlightenment ideas have spread about having the power to change unfit government

The King has mismanaged govt. money, wants to increase taxes while he throws lavish parties

ESTATES-GENERAL

Louis’s solution was to tax the nobility The 2nd Estate forces a meeting

Louis calls Estates-General

— meeting of representatives

from all three estates in May

1789 to discuss new taxes

This is the first Estates-General in 175

years Under the rules, each estate gets one vote

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REVOLUTION BEGINS

The National Assembly Third Estate has little power under old rules; they insist all estates meet

together and each delegate gets a vote; King rejects it

Third Estate sets up National Assembly — new legislature to

make reforms; June 1789 Tennis Court Oath — Third Estate decides to write new

constitution for France after being locked out of Estates-General

Storming the Bastille Rumors fly in Paris that Louis wants to suppress National Assembly

Mob attacks and seizes Bastille prison, killing guards; July 1789 The attack on the prison is the beginning of the Revolution

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STORMING THE BASTILLE

A GREAT FEAR

Rumors and panic spread throughout FranceGreat Fear — attacks by peasants taking place across

France Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to feudal system

In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over rising price of bread They demand action, forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?

(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate

(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate

(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate

(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate

Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for?

(A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI

(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille

(C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death

(D) Visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?

(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate

(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate

(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate

(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate

Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for?

(A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI

(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille

(C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death

(D) Gambling visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath

Vocabulary Assessment

Which of these choices best describes a guerilla?

(A) Generals using animals on the battlefield

(B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader

(C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks

(D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions

Which of these best describes an Emigre?

(A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution

(B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings

(C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly

(D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom

Vocabulary Assessment

Which of these choices best describes a guerilla?

(A) Generals using animals on the battlefield

(B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader

(C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks

(D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions

Which of these best describes an Emigre?

(A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution

(B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings

(C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly

(D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom