UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT

LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR part 1: Secession and War

Let’s get this straight

• We win the Revolutionary War!! We are a free and independent country……sort of!

• We fight the British again in the War of 1812 (second war of Independence). Leads to the Era of Good Feelings.

• We defeat Mexico in the Mexican American war (1846-48), resulting in Manifest Destiny being achieved!

• However, the issue of Slavery expanding into the new territories would ultimately tear our nation apart!

Secession and War

Focus

• As you watch the video, create a list issues that led to increased tensions between the North and South.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roNmeOOJCDY

Frayer: Election of 1860

Setting the stage

• In the end, all attempts to compromise between the north and south over slavery failed to end sectional differences. Finally, the outcome of the 1860 election triggered a showdown and the first shots of the long, bloody Civil War.

DEMOCRATS SPLIT• DEBATE OVER SLAVERY SPLITS THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY• NORTHERN DEMOCRATS SUPPORTED POPULAR

SOVEREIGNTY• SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS WANTED DRED SCOTT DECISION

UPHELD• REPUBLICANS NOMINATED LINCOLN

Election of 1860

• Slavery was main topic• Would South secede• Abraham Lincoln won all of

the N, and didn’t even appear on most S ballots, John Breckinridge was Southern Democratic nominee

• Lincoln won election, which upset South even though he said he would not disturb slavery where it already was

SECESSION BEGINS

• FOR SOUTH, ELECTION OF A REPUBLICAN PRESIDENT = A VICTORY FOR ABOLITIONISTS

• SURVIVAL OF SOUTHERN SOCIETY AT STAKE• BY FEB. 1861, 7 SOUTHERN STATES SECEDED (PAGE 306)• CRITTENDON’S COMPROMISE = ALLOW SLAVERY WHERE IT

EXISTS, EXTEND MISSOURI COMPROMISE LINE TO CALI.• IT FAILED• FEB. 1861 THE SECEDING STATES ANNOUNCE NEW NATION =

CONFEDERACY, AND NEW PRESIDENT = JEFFERSON DAVIS

AP

• How did the Election of 1860 help to trigger the Civil War?

Southern Secession

• South justified secession with theory of states’ rights

• Voluntarily entered Union through a contract called the Constitution and contract was broken

• Many Southerners welcomed secession through celebrations

• Other Southerners, including Robert E. Lee, was shocked and concerned

• Some Northerners believed that the South should go if not willing to compromise

• Others believed in the preservation of the Union

THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS• IN HIS INAUGURAL ADDRESS, LINCOLN SPOKE DIRECTLY TO

THE SECEDING STATES• HE REPEATED HIS PROMISE NOT TO INTERFERE W/ SLAVERY

WHERE IT EXISTED• ANNOUNCES HIS DESIRE TO SAVE THE UNION, AND TO HOLD

ONTO FEDERAL PROPERTY IN SECEDING STATES

Lincoln’s Address

“We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

- Abraham Lincoln

Inaugural Address

March 4, 1861

AP = Southern view vs. Lincoln

FORT SUMTER FALLS

• IN APRIL, 1861, LINCOLN ANNOUNCED THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WOULD RESUPPLY FORT SUMTER

• JEFFERSON CANNOT ALLOW FEDERAL TROOPS TO OCCUPY THE SOUTHS MOST IMPORTANT HARBOR = CAPTURE FORT

• HIS FORCES DEMANDED THAT MAJOR ANDERSON SURRENDER = HE REFUSED

• CONFEDERATES BOMBARD THE FORT UNTIL ANDERSON AND HIS MEN SURRENDER

UPPER SOUTH SECEDES• AFTER FALL OF FORT SUMTER, LINCOLN CALLS ON

VOLUNTEERS• MANY IN SOUTH DID NOT WANT TO SECEDE, BUT FELT THEY

HAD NO CHOICE• VIRGINIA SECEDED NEXT, AND CAPITAL OF CONFEDERACY

MOVED TO RICHMOND• SOON THREE MORE STATES SECEDED

AP

HANGING ONTO THE BORDER STATES• LINCOLN TRIED TO KEEP SLAVE HOLDING BORDER STATES

FROM LEAVING• IF MARYLAND SECEDED, DC (THE CAPITAL) WOULD BE

SURROUNDED• LINCOLN PLACED BALTIMORE UNDER MARTIAL LAW TO

PREVENT SECESSION

HANGING ONTO THE BORDER STATES - CONTINUED

• KENTUCKY DECLARED ITSELF NEUTRAL UNTIL SEPTEMBER 1861, WHEN TROOPS ON BOTH SIDES OCCUPIED STATE

• PRO CONFEDERATE LEADERS CREATED A RIVAL GOVERNMENT AND SECEDED

• MISSOURI STAYED WITH UNION DEPSITE STRUGGLES BETWEEN ANTI AND PRO SECCIONIST FORCES

• THE STAGE NOW SHIFTS TO THE BATTLE FIELD

AP

• 1 sentence

Guided Reading

8-3

Learning Log

• SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN WORDS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED TODAY……

• HOW DID PROBLEMS IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HELP ABRAHAM LINCOLN WIN THE ELECTION OF 1860?

• WHAT WERE SOME CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR?• WHERE AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DID THE CIVIL

WAR BEGIN?• HOW DID LINCOLN PREVENT MARYLAND FROM SECEDING?

WHY WAS LINCOLN CONCERNED ABOUT MARYLAND?