Unit Six

A.D. 1046 - 1305

Unit Six: Lesson One

Objective: To explore the cause of the Schism of 1054 and the

Gregorian Reform

Schism of 1054

Schism = Break

In the beginning of the 11th century the Church in the Western part of Europe and the Church in the Eastern part of Europe began to argue

The Authority of the Pope

Celibacy of priests

Schism of 1054

In 1054 these disagreements caused a split in the Church that remains today.

The Western Church is known as the Roman Catholic Church

The Eastern Church is known as the Eastern Orthodox Church

Both Churches share the same basic creed, moral code, liturgical tradition, and sacramental practices.

8th Grade Religion

A Need for Reform In 1046 German emperor Henry III was visiting Rome

and became very angry.

Three bishops claimed to be Pope at the same time

Each one was backed by a different family of Roman nobles who wanted the power and wealth that came with begin Pope.

Henry III dismissed all three bishops and appointed a German born Pope.

8th Grade Religion

A Need for Reform German Pope Leo IX (1048 - 1054) began a reform

movement that had a lasting affect on the Church.

Reform movement reached a climax under Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085)

We call this reform the Gregorian Reform.

The Gregorian Reform was supported by thousands of clergy and laity

8th Grade Religion

Pope Gregory VII

8th Grade Religion

A Need for Reform First problem that needed to be solved was the practice of

laypeople appointing priests, bishops and Popes.

Reformers called this practice lay investiture.

Gregorian Reform lasted almost 70 years.

In 1122 Pope Callistus II and Emperor Henry VI signed the Concordat of Worms

This treaty guaranteed the right of the Church to choose its own leaders

8th Grade Religion

A Need for Reform Under Gregorian Reform priests were no longer allow to marry.

Those priests who were already married had to leave their wives.

8th Grade Religion

Thomas Beckett Gregorian Reform caused conflict between the clergy and

secular Kings of Europe.

An example of this conflict is seen in England in 1170.

King Henry II appointed his friend Thomas Beckett Archbishop of Canterbury.

Thomas became a great champion of the poor and upset Henry with his sermons

Four knights murdered Beckett on the alter of his church on January 29th 1170.

8th Grade Religion

Unit Six: Lesson 2

Objective: To explore how the Crusades failed to achieve their objectives.

8th Grade Religion

Christianity: The Second One Thousand Years

DVD 2Crusades

The Fall of Constantinople

8th Grade Religion

Innocent III After the Gregorian Reform the Church and Pope

became highly respected

People looked to the Pope for moral and spiritual guidance

Canon Law is the name we give to the laws of the Church

8th Grade Religion

The Crusades Pope Innocent III had a dream of recapturing the Holy Land

from the Muslims.

From 1094 to 1204 the Crusades, Holy Wars to win the Holy Land were undertaken.

8th Grade Religion

The Crusades

8th Grade Religion

The Crusades First Crusade began in 1095 when Pope Urban II issued a

public appeal to the nobles and Knights of Europe to liberate the Holy Land.

The crusade was a disaster from the beginning when untrained soldiers massacred Jews.

They did capture Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099.

50 years later the Muslims recaptured Jerusalem

8th Grade Religion

The Crusades This sparked the Second and Third Crusades to try to win back

Jerusalem. The crusades were a failure.

In 1204 the Fourth Crusade was organized by Pope Innocent III.

This Crusade was a disgrace. Instead of attacking Muslims in Jerusalem the crusaders turned against Christians in Constantinople.

Today we realize that the Crusades were an embarrassment to the Catholic Church because we know the gospel should never be spread through violence.

8th Grade Religion

Hagia Sofia

8th Grade Religion

Unit Six: Lesson 3

Objective: To explore how the friars improved the Church.

8th Grade Religion

Christianity: The Second One Thousand Years

DVD 2St. Dominic

Birth of Spain

8th Grade Religion

The Culture of Christendom Christianity is the religion of the followers of Jesus

Christ

Christendom refers to the cultural world that came into existence during the High Middle Ages in Europe.

This was a period where nearly everyone was Catholic and Catholicism influenced every aspect of life.

8th Grade Religion

Threats from Within Church fought against anyone who taught false

truths. They were called heretics and their teachings were known as heresy.

Sometimes even those who criticized the Church in a faithful way were called heretics.

Fear of heresy led to what has been called the Inquisition.

8th Grade Religion

Threats from Within The Inquisition began in 1231 and was a official

Catholic court that was charged with investigating and punishing heretics.

Sometimes the punishment was prison, fines, torture and even death.

Its hard to imagine that the Catholic Church in the name of the gospels burned people alive.

8th Grade Religion

The Coming of the Friars There were people who wanted to return the Church to the true

gospel message

At this time many people were moving from the country into cities. This led to the creation of the Urban Poor.

No help for this group of people existed. To fill this need a new kind of religious order was created called the friars.

Two of the first friars were St. Francis of Assisi and Saint Dominic.

8th Grade Religion

The Coming of the Friars St. Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) began the Franciscans

St. Dominic (1170-1221) began the Dominicans

St. Claire (1194-1253)

8th Grade Religion

In Class AssignmentVisit Assumption Church to view the various

types of Stained Glass windows.

8th Grade Religion

Unit Six: Lesson 4

Objective: To appreciate the various expressions of faith in the High Middle Ages.

8th Grade Religion

Expressions of Faith Soon other orders of friars began like the Carmelites

and the Augustinians.

These orders were known as mendicant or begging orders because they helped the needy through donations

The friars affected the lives of Catholics by bringing the Church closer to the people. They introduced the Rosary, Stations of the Cross and the Christmas Creche.

8th Grade Religion

Gothic Architecture The most lasting physical monuments to

Christendom are the cathedrals and churches built in the Gothic style

Gothic architecture became popular in 1150.

Churches were very plain but Gothic churches soared up toward heaven with beautiful stained glass windows.

Called “the Bible of the Poor.”

8th Grade Religion

Example of an Early Church

8th Grade Religion

Example of a Gothic Church

8th Grade Religion

Rose Window

8th Grade Religion

Rose Window

8th Grade Religion

Education and Learning By the 12th century universities were being created

and run by the monks and friars.

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) is the best know of the medieval scholars.

A Dominican friar who studied all faith and religions

“truth cannot contradict truth”