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8/14/2019 US Army: NutritionForThePostpartumMother
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Nutrition for theNutrition for thePostpartum MotherPostpartum Mother
[insert presenter info][insert presenter info]
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Special Concerns of theSpecial Concerns of the
Postpartum MotherPostpartum Mother
Restocking nutritional storesRestocking nutritional stores
Providing good quality milk for herProviding good quality milk for her
breastfed babybreastfed baby
Losing weight graduallyLosing weight gradually
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Restocking NutritionalRestocking Nutritional
StoresStores Eat according to MyPyramidEat according to MyPyramid
Continue to take a daily multipleContinue to take a daily multiplevitamin and mineral supplement asvitamin and mineral supplement as
prescribed by your health careprescribed by your health care
providerprovider Continue to take an iron supplementContinue to take an iron supplement
each day as prescribed by youreach day as prescribed by your
health care providerhealth care provider
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Eat the MyPyramid WayEat the MyPyramid Way
GrainsGrains
VegetablesVegetables FruitsFruits
MilkMilk
Meat and BeansMeat and Beans
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Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid
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GrainsGrains
1 slice bread1 slice bread 1 tortilla1 tortilla
½ cup rice, pasta, or½ cup rice, pasta, or
cerealcereal
1-ounce ready-to-eat1-ounce ready-to-eat
whole-grain cerealwhole-grain cereal
½ hamburger bun,½ hamburger bun,
bagel or English muffinbagel or English muffin
3 – 4 plain crackers3 – 4 plain crackers
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VegetablesVegetables
½ cup chopped raw or½ cup chopped raw orcooked vegetablecooked vegetable
1 cup raw, leafy1 cup raw, leafy
vegetablesvegetables
¾ cup vegetable juice¾ cup vegetable juice
½ cup scalloped potatoes½ cup scalloped potatoes
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FruitsFruits
1 piece fruit or1 piece fruit ormelon wedgemelon wedge
¾ cup fruit juice¾ cup fruit juice
½ cup chopped,½ cup chopped,
cooked or cannedcooked or cannedfruitfruit
¼ cup dried fruit¼ cup dried fruit
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MilkMilk
1 cup milk or yogurt1 cup milk or yogurt
1-½ ounces natural1-½ ounces naturalcheesecheese
2 ounces process2 ounces processcheesecheese
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Meat and BeansMeat and Beans
1 ounce cooked lean1 ounce cooked lean
beef, pork, lamb, veal,beef, pork, lamb, veal,
poultry, or fishpoultry, or fish ¼ cup cooked dry¼ cup cooked dry
beansbeans
1 egg1 egg
2 tablespoons peanut2 tablespoons peanut
butterbutter
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Fats, Sugars, and SaltFats, Sugars, and Salt
(Sodium)(Sodium) Make most of your fatMake most of your fat
sources from fish, nuts,sources from fish, nuts,
and vegetable oilsand vegetable oils Limit solid fats andLimit solid fats and
foods containing solidfoods containing solidfatsfats
Choose food andChoose food andbeverages low inbeverages low inadded sugars andadded sugars andsodiumsodium
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Breast Feeding…Best forBreast Feeding…Best for
BabyBaby
Breastfeeding Benefits for BabyBreastfeeding Benefits for Baby
Superior to all other milk substitutesSuperior to all other milk substitutes
Favorable balance of nutrientsFavorable balance of nutrients Easily digestibleEasily digestible Promotes physiological developmentPromotes physiological development
Improves cognitive developmentImproves cognitive development Protects against infections and diseasesProtects against infections and diseases Decreases risk of food allergiesDecreases risk of food allergies Reduces Risk of Sudden Infant DeathReduces Risk of Sudden Infant Death
(SIDS) syndrome(SIDS) syndrome
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Breastfeeding…Good for MomBreastfeeding…Good for Mom
Too Too Breastfeeding Benefits for MotherBreastfeeding Benefits for Mother
Contracts the UterusContracts the Uterus
Lengthens Birth IntervalsLengthens Birth Intervals Conserves Iron StoresConserves Iron Stores Reduces Risk of Breast and OvarianReduces Risk of Breast and Ovarian
CancerCancer
Decreases risk of Type II diabetesDecreases risk of Type II diabetes Increased weight loss and fat lossIncreased weight loss and fat loss Protects Bone DensityProtects Bone Density
Saves MoneySaves Money
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Special Concerns of theSpecial Concerns of the
Breastfeeding MomBreastfeeding Mom ProteinProtein
FatFat
Vitamin BVitamin B1212
Vitamin DVitamin D
Vitamin K Vitamin K
Folic AcidFolic Acid
CalciumCalcium
ChromiumChromium
IronIron
SeleniumSelenium
ZincZinc
FluidsFluids
Adequate CaloriesAdequate Calories
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ProteinProtein
Protein needs are higher duringProtein needs are higher during
breastfeeding than at any other timebreastfeeding than at any other time
in lifein life
While breastfeeding, you can getWhile breastfeeding, you can get
enough protein from a nutritious dietenough protein from a nutritious diet
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FatFat
Composition of fats in breast milk isComposition of fats in breast milk isdetermined by the mother’s dietdetermined by the mother’s diet
Breast milk contains docosahexaenoicBreast milk contains docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA)acid (DHA) DHA is important for baby’s visual andDHA is important for baby’s visual and
brain developmentbrain development
Include one serving of fish in diet eachInclude one serving of fish in diet eachweekweek
Best sources of DHA are fatty fish, suchBest sources of DHA are fatty fish, such
as salmonas salmon
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Vitamin BVitamin B1212
Vitamin BVitamin B1212 is found only in foodsis found only in foods
from animal sourcesfrom animal sources
Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairyMeat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy
products are excellent sourcesproducts are excellent sources
Some vegetarians may need aSome vegetarians may need a
vitamin Bvitamin B1212 supplementsupplement
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Vitamin DVitamin D
Breast milk is low in Vitamin DBreast milk is low in Vitamin D
Food sources include Vitamin D-fortifiedFood sources include Vitamin D-fortified
cow’s milk and soy milkcow’s milk and soy milk
Yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products Yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products
are not usually fortified with Vitamin Dare not usually fortified with Vitamin D
Sunlight helps the body produce VitaminSunlight helps the body produce VitaminDD
Some vegetarians may need a Vitamin DSome vegetarians may need a Vitamin D
supplementsupplement
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Vitamin K Vitamin K
Vitamin K is produced in the smallVitamin K is produced in the small
intestineintestine
The newborn infant has a sterile The newborn infant has a sterileintestine for several days after birthintestine for several days after birth
Breast milk may be low in Vitamin K Breast milk may be low in Vitamin K
The doctor may prescribe a Vitamin The doctor may prescribe a Vitamin
K supplement for the infantK supplement for the infant
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Folic AcidFolic Acid
Leafy vegetables, citrus fruits,Leafy vegetables, citrus fruits,
legumes, and nuts are excellentlegumes, and nuts are excellent
sources of folic acidsources of folic acid Grain products like breads, cereals,Grain products like breads, cereals,
pasta and rice are enriched with folicpasta and rice are enriched with folic
acidacid
Make sure you get enough folic acid,Make sure you get enough folic acid,
especially if planning anotherespecially if planning another
re nanc in the near futurere nanc in the near future
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CalciumCalcium
Main mineral in bones and teethMain mineral in bones and teeth
Important mineral in nerveImportant mineral in nervetransmission and muscle contractiontransmission and muscle contraction
A breastfeeding mother loses 200 –A breastfeeding mother loses 200 –
300 mg of calcium in breast milk300 mg of calcium in breast milkeach dayeach day
Inadequate intake – The body drawsInadequate intake – The body draws
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Calcium-rich FoodsCalcium-rich Foods
The postpartum mother should The postpartum mother should
consume at least three servings of milkconsume at least three servings of milk
each dayeach day
Nonfat and low-fat milk and milkNonfat and low-fat milk and milk
products are excellent sources of products are excellent sources of
calciumcalcium
Some vegetables and fish with edibleSome vegetables and fish with edible
bones are also good sources of calciumbones are also good sources of calcium
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ChromiumChromium
Helps produce high quality milk inHelps produce high quality milk in
breast-feeding mothersbreast-feeding mothers
Low intake of chromium can increaseLow intake of chromium can increase
the mother’s risk for developing highthe mother’s risk for developing high
blood sugar and heart diseaseblood sugar and heart disease
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IronIron
An important component of bloodAn important component of blood
Iron concentrations in most womenIron concentrations in most women
are depleted after pregnancyare depleted after pregnancy
Most women should continue to eatMost women should continue to eat
iron-rich foods and take ironiron-rich foods and take ironsupplementssupplements
The body absorbs iron best from The body absorbs iron best from
foods from animal sourcesfoods from animal sources
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SeleniumSelenium
Selenium helps both mother and babySelenium helps both mother and baby
maintain a strong immune systemmaintain a strong immune system
It also aids in cell growthIt also aids in cell growth Nursing baby’s selenium status isNursing baby’s selenium status is
directly affected by what the motherdirectly affected by what the mother
eatseats Food sources include seafood, extra-Food sources include seafood, extra-
lean meat, cooked dried beans andlean meat, cooked dried beans and
peas, and chickenpeas, and chicken
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ZincZinc
Essential for baby’s growth andEssential for baby’s growth and
developmentdevelopment
Breastfeeding increases the demandBreastfeeding increases the demandfor this nutrientfor this nutrient
Many women don’t consume enoughMany women don’t consume enough
zinczinc
The body uses zinc from foods of The body uses zinc from foods of
animal origin bestanimal origin best
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FluidsFluids
Nursing mother loses about 23 ouncesNursing mother loses about 23 ouncesof fluid each dayof fluid each day
If you feel thirsty, you are alreadyIf you feel thirsty, you are already
dehydrateddehydrated Drink at least six glasses of water inDrink at least six glasses of water in
addition to other fluids dailyaddition to other fluids daily
Drink a glass of milk, juice, or water atDrink a glass of milk, juice, or water ateach meal and each time the babyeach meal and each time the baby
nursesnurses
Low fluid intake could result inLow fluid intake could result in
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Practices Incompatible withPractices Incompatible with
BreastfeedingBreastfeeding
Avoid:Avoid:
AlcoholAlcohol
Illicit DrugsIllicit Drugs
CigaretteCigaretteSmokingSmoking
Caution:Caution:
MedicinalMedicinalDrugsDrugs
HerbalHerbal
SupplementsSupplements
CaffeineCaffeine
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Getting Back to YourGetting Back to Your
Pre-pregnancy WeightPre-pregnancy Weight Excessive weight gain duringExcessive weight gain during
pregnancy is an important factor inpregnancy is an important factor in
postpartum weight retentionpostpartum weight retention
Avoid fad diets!Avoid fad diets!
Breastfeeding speeds up the weightBreastfeeding speeds up the weight
loss processloss process
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Success Strategies forSuccess Strategies for
Weight LossWeight Loss
Lose weight gradually – 1 to 2 poundsLose weight gradually – 1 to 2 pounds
per weekper week
Reduce fat intake and eat more fruits,Reduce fat intake and eat more fruits,
vegetables, whole-grains, andvegetables, whole-grains, and
nonfat/low-fat milk and milk products,nonfat/low-fat milk and milk products,
and lean meat productsand lean meat products
If breastfeeding, don’t attempt weightIf breastfeeding, don’t attempt weight
loss for the first six weeks postpartum,loss for the first six weeks postpartum,
then aim for a weight loss of no morethen aim for a weight loss of no more
than a 2 pound weight loss per monththan a 2 pound weight loss per month
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Success Strategies forSuccess Strategies for
Weight Loss (cont.)Weight Loss (cont.) Eat regular meals and snacksEat regular meals and snacks
Watch portion sizesWatch portion sizes Include high protein foods in yourInclude high protein foods in your
meals (e.g., chicken breast, watermeals (e.g., chicken breast, water
packed tuna, grilled salmon)packed tuna, grilled salmon)
Begin to exercise as soon as yourBegin to exercise as soon as your
health care provider gives the okayhealth care provider gives the okay
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Weight LossWeight Loss
Installation resourcesInstallation resources- How to get a referral to a dietitianHow to get a referral to a dietitian
- The Weigh to Stay program The Weigh to Stay program- Fitness and/or recreation centerFitness and/or recreation center
- PPPT Program for postpartum mothersPPPT Program for postpartum mothers
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Questions??Questions??
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Enjoy Your New Baby!Enjoy Your New Baby!
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ReferencesReferences
The American Dietetic Association’s Complete Food The American Dietetic Association’s Complete Foodand Nutrition Guide, Roberta Larson Duyff, MS,and Nutrition Guide, Roberta Larson Duyff, MS,
RD, CFCSRD, CFCS
Nutrition for Women: The Complete Guide ElizabethNutrition for Women: The Complete Guide ElizabethSomer, MA, RDSomer, MA, RD
Position of the American Dietetic Association:Position of the American Dietetic Association:Promoting and Supporting BreastfeedingPromoting and Supporting Breastfeeding
Understanding Nutrition (8Understanding Nutrition (8thth ed), Whitney and Rolfesed), Whitney and Rolfes