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USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000 more!!!

USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

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Page 1: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

USA helps to end World War I• In 1917, America

has population of 90 million people

• 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men

• They needed to find 2,000,000 more!!!

Page 2: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Review

• What was America (the global stance) view of the rest of the world?

• What are two reasons that America had for going to war?

• What was the Zimmerman telegram? Who wrote the letter and received the letter?

Page 3: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Meet America’s World War I Leader

• 1917 President; Woodrow Wilson

• 28th president of the United States

• Former president of Princeton University

Page 4: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Pres. Wilson Begins Conscription

• Conscription means that you are Forced to join the military

• 2.8 million U.S. men conscripted to WWI(200,000 men – almost 4 million)

• Almost 80% of U.S. soldiers were forced to join WWI

Page 5: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

*More than a 2 million American men were sent overseas to fight in World War I.

*52,000 Americans died in battle. 60,000 died of illness such as pneumonia and influenza.

Newly drafted U.S. Soldiers leaving for France

To finish WW I

Page 6: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Germany Collapses~Balance of Power Shifts~

• Allied forces with America become offensive

• Allies & Americans, within months, overwhelm the Germans on Western Front…Germany surrenders.

Page 7: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Armistice DayWar Ends: November 11th,

1919the 11th month, the 11th day, at 11:00pm

• Kaiser Wilhelm (king of Germany) is forced to step down

• Armistice: agreement to end fighting

• Time for a settlement of Peace: Four Leaders Meet!

5th Ave., New York City

Page 8: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Understanding Death of WW ICountries Total

Mobilized Killed & Died

Wounded Prisoners & Missing

Total Casualties

Casualties % of Mobilized

Allied Powers

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3

France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8

Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1

United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2

Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4

Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8

Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9

Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7

Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3

Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0

Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3

Central Powers

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,7000 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9

Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0

Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2

Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2

Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6

Page 9: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Monetary Cost of WarAllied and Associated Powers:

United States : $ 22,625,253,000Great Britain 35,334,012,000

British Dominions and Colonies:Canada 1,665,576,000Australia 1,423,208,000

New Zealand 378,750,000India 601,279,000

Union of South Africa 300,000,000Colonies 125,000,000

France 24,265,583,000Russia 22,593,950,000Italy : 12,413,998,000

Belgium : 1,154,468,000Rumania 1,600,000,000

Japan 40,000,000Serbia : 399,400,000Greece 270,000,000

Other Allied countries 500,000,000

Total : $125,690,477,000

Page 10: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Treaty of VersaillesA Flawed Peace

MAIN IDEA: After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left nations feeling betrayed.

Page 11: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

-Treaty of Versailles-• World War I is over, the killing has ceased.

• January 18, 1919, a conference was built at the Palace of Versailles. – The Allied powers, the victors of WWI, meet to

clean up the war mess.

Page 12: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Meeting at Versailles• Paris Peace Conference

– Delegates representing 32 countries

– Major decisions were made by the Big Four:

• Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)

• Georges Clemenceau (France)

• David Lloyd George (Great Britain)

• Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Page 13: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Woodrow Wilson

What did America Want?

• Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his Fourteen Points

• He believed Germany should be punished but not severely.

• Wilson wanted to set up an international organisation called The League of Nations which would settle world disputes

***The American public did not support him. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more isolationist.

Page 14: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Woodrow’s PlanCalled the Fourteen Points

• Woodrow proposed his Fourteen Points– Outlined a plan for maintaining peace– Proposed the following points:

• 1st Point: End all secret treaties• 2nd Point: Freedom of the Seas• 3rd Point: Free trade• 4th Point: Reduce national armies (trying to stop

militarism)• 5th Point: Colonial Fairness (trying to stop harsh

imperialism)• 6th-13th Points: Rearranging borders (self-determination)• 14th Point: Create a general association of nations that

would negotiate solutions to world conflicts

Page 15: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Everyone Unsatisfied with Wilson’s plan

• England & France thought Wilson’s plan was too nice; that it lacked punishment against Germany!!

Page 16: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

What did France want from the treaty?

Security

Revenge

Reparations (payments for war)

Clemenceau

Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future. He was determined that Germany should be made to pay for the damage that had been caused invading German troops.

Page 17: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

David Lloyd-George

German punish: Reparations

German military reduction

Formal acceptance of blame for war

What did Britain Want?

Page 18: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Everyone Rejects Wilson’s PointsSettle of Treaty of Versailles

• New guidelines of Peace are arranged by only FRANCE & ENGLAND

• New treaty is VERY harsh to Germany!

• Wilson’s 14 points are not used at all!

Page 19: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

To do with Germany’s armed forces :

The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men. It was not allowed to have tanks.

Germany was not allowed an airforce

The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarised

The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years

The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships

Page 20: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

100,000 De-militarised

The Military Clauses

Page 21: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies."

Article 231

The War Guilt Clause

GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

Page 22: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

Treaty of Versailles reforms Europe with new nations!

• The Treaty of Versailles also broke up old nations in Europe

• Austria-Hungary is broken up into five new nations

• Germany forced to give territory to France & allow Poland to become a nation

Page 23: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000
Page 24: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000
Page 25: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

The Great War was to see the collapse of four continental empires. These were to be replaced by new nation states.

Page 26: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES1919

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY

GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED

GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES

NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA

REPARATIONS

Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1

- Army restricted to 100,000 men.

- No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force.

- Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats.

- Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland.

Germany lost Chinese ports [Amoy and Tsingtao], Pacific Islands, and African colonies [Tanganika and German SW Africa].

RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED

Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages - 1,000,000,000 Marks (6.6bn pounds).

The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

Page 27: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

1914--------------------1919

Page 28: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000
Page 29: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000
Page 30: USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000

‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’

A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low.

Briand, French Prime Minister

SOURCE WORK: 1) First, describe the storyline shown in the cartoon. 2) Then, relate the political message intended by the cartoonist – what does the horse represent, what does the cart represent, why is it stuck in the air, who are the two men, why is one carrying a whip and one a shovel – what is the political message ?

Lloyd-George, British Prime Minister

What is this referring to?

What does the horse represent?

Why is the cart up-ended?

What is meant by the caption?

Why is Lloyd-George holding a shovel?

Why is Briand holding a whip?

Why is a shovel left here?

‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’