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2010 Municipal Green Building Conference and Expo Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Wednesday, April 14, 2010

USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

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Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future

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Page 1: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

2010 Municipal Green Building Conference and Expo

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

Page 2: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Overview

THe WOrlD is cHAngingcO2 regulations will drastically alter how buildings are designed and operated

Page 3: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future regulatory impacts

2008 California Green Building Code

2010California Green Building Code

International GreenConstruction Code

LEED NC v3

ASHRAE189.1-2009

• Exceeds2007CAEnergyCode(Title 24) by 15% or 30%

• Exceeds• Exceeds• Exceeds• Exceeds 2007200720072007 CACACACA EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy CodeCodeCodeCode(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%

• Exceeds 2007 CAenergy code (Title 24) by 15% or 30%

• Reduce potable water by 20%• New buildings >10,000 SF

commissioning

• Included ASHRAE standard189.1 as Jurisdictional requirement option

• Buildings must comply withAnsi/AsHrAe/iesnA standard 90.1

• Provided for future installationof on-site renewable energy systems.

• Reduce energy use by 10% per ASHRAE 90.1-2007• Fundamental Commissioning

is required

Waxman-Markey BillHR 2454

California Global WarmingSolutions Act- AB32

• Reduce GHG to 17% below2005 levels

• Reduce GHG to 1990 levels

Page 4: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future generations in the Workplace

VEtERANS (1920-43, 67+ yEARS OLD)

59 million- Greatest Generation

BOOMERS (1944-60, 49-60 yEARS OLD)

80 million-Me Generation

GEN X (1961-79, 31-50 yEARS OLD)

46 million-Slacker Generation

MILLENNIALS (1980-2000, 10-30 yEARS OLD)

76 million-Generation Next

Family- Oriented, Loyal, Hard Working, Stable, Reliable

Personal Growth, Optimistic, Driven, Determined

Entrepreneurial, Creative,Technology-adept

Networked, Sociable + Sophisticated, Achievers

2005 2010 2015 2020

20%

40%

60%

Page 5: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

improved performance of the people in green High Performance design.

HuMAN PERFORMANCE

CuRRENT FuTuREPAST

Page 6: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on changeintegrated and holistic design approach

ATTRACTION & RETENTION

LEGISLATION

OPERATIONS COSTSCONSTRUCTION

COSTS

DEMOGRAPHICS

ENERGY COSTS

MOBILITY

COMMUNITY

WORKMODES

SPEC/PRE-LET/BUILD TO SUIT

FUTU RECOMME RCIA L OFFICE BUILD ING

WORk

EN

VIR

ONMENt

ECO

NOMICS

WELLBEING

WATER

SITE ECOLOGY

DAYLIGHT

CARBONFOOTPRINT

ENVELOPES

MATERIALS FUTUREPROOFING

DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY

COMMUNITY MEETING

BUILDINGSYSTEMS

FLEXIBILITY

ENTITLEMENTS

Page 7: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Targeting Passive Design & Operations

In 2006, 83% of Americans supported “more leadership from the Federal gov-ernment to reduce the pollution linked to global warming, encourage new ap-proaches to promoting conservation and spark development of renewal or al-ternative energy sources.”1

++

Land Use Change

Agriculture

Waste

18.2%

13.5%

3.6%

Industrial Processes 3.4%

Transportation 13.5%

Electricity & Heat 24.6%

Industry

Fugitive Emissions

Other Fuel Combustion

10.4%

3.9%

9.0%

EN

ER

GY

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 77%

Methane(CH4) 14%

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 8%

HFCs, PFCs, SF6 1%

Agriculture Soils

Livestock & Manure

Rice Cultivation Other Agriculture

LandfillsWastewater, Other Waste

Agricultural Energy Use

6.0%

5.1%

1.5%0.9%

2.0%1.6%

1.4%

T&D Losses Coal Mining

Oil/Gas Extraction, Refining & Processing

Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation Harvest/Management Other

Cement

Other Industry

1.9%1.4%

6.3%

18.3%-1.5%-0.5%2.5%

-0.6%

3.8%

5.0%

Chemicals

Aluminum/Non-Ferrous Metals

Food & Tobacco Pulp, Paper & Printing Machinery

4.8%

1.4%

1.0%1.0%1.0%

Road

AirRail, Ship, & Other Transport

Unallocated Fuel Combustion

Commercial Buildings

Residential Buildings

Iron & Steel

9.9%

1.6%2.3%

3.5%

5.4%

9.9%

3.2%

World GHG Emissions Flow ChartSector End Use/Activity Gas

Sources & Notes: All data is for 2000. All calculations are based on CO2 equivalents, using 100-year global warming potentials from the IPCC (1996), based on a total global estimate of 41,755 MtCO2 equivalent. Land use change includes both emissions and absorptions; see Chapter 16. See Appendix 2 for detailed description of sector and end use/activity definitions, as well as data sources. Dotted lines represent flows of less than 0.1% percent of total GHG emissions.

CONStRuCtION

15%DECONStRuCtION

5%OPERAtIONS

80%

CO2 FOOTPRINT IN THE LIFECYCLE OF A BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION / RENOVATION

ENERGY USE IN THE LIFECYCLE OF THE BUILDING

DEMOLITION

15% OF THE EMBODIED ENERGY IN BUILDINGS IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN CONSTRUCTION.

5% OF THE ENERGY IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN DEMOLITION.

80% OF THE ENERGY IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE USE OF THE BUILDING.

40% OF THE WORLDS ENERGY IS CONSUMED BY BUILDINGS.

AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS COMFORT DESIGN DAYLIGHT VENTILATION NOISE CONTROL VIEWS FROM THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE SKIN MATERIALS ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS BUILDING PERFORMANCE ENERGY GENERATION BUILDING ORIENTATION SITE ENVIRONMENT

Form & orientation cost the least and saves the most

Form & orientation cost the least and saves the most

Page 8: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

The green Premium: impact on sales Price

200720062005

$400.00

$350.00

$300.00

$250.00

$200.00

$150.00

Energy StarNon-Energy Star

Page 9: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

The green Premium: impact on sales Price

LEED® CERTiFiED OFFiCE BuiLDiNGS

9.94%

12%

8%

4%

0%ENERGy STAR-RATED OFFiCE BuiLDiNGS

5.76%

Page 10: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

Average savings on green Buildings:

per uSGBC

Page 11: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

in 12 sustainably designed buildings in the gsA portfolio:

44-52%

4.8-5.5%

27%

2-5

energy savings due to dayligting

productivity gains

higher employee satisfaction

less sick daysannually

Page 12: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change

Using gensler lA office as a case study we found that could save enough money in 10 years to pay for a new building.

Here is what it took:

+1% Productivity

-1 sick day

+2 more hours per month

-10% reduced churn/turnover

The Value of green spaces

Page 13: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future

Process + Tools

HigH PerFOrmAnce Design is about a process that involves a higher level of understanding of the environment, how people really work, and how design affects both energy and people.

Page 14: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The Process

EnvironmEntal mapping

daylightingoptimization

EnErgy modElaltErnativEs

dEsignsynthEsis

Bim modEl

workplacEoptimization

studiEs

BasElinEEnErgymodEl

MEASuREMENt &COMMISSIONING

Page 15: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future global reach

Page 16: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future environmental mapping

Gensler Page 4COB2020 STRAWMAN CHALLENGE 25 STORIES NEW OFFICE BUILDING CHICAGO

TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER

1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT

ECOSYSTEM

2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS

For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm

4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)

DESIGN GUIDELINES

MON

FAN

AUTO

PM

DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL

HEAT

COOLTIME

CANCELPERIOD

TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

EMPTY

85 O

O

O

O

O

O

O

80

75

70

65

60

55

MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT

COME-IN WORK LEAVE

11:00

55 O

80 O

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)

28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)

During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.

The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.

When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.

If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.

Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes

Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning

Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds

Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)

High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective

COMFORT

UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION

0

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

UNITS:TEMPERATURE

COMFORT ZONE

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979

FEB MAR APR

UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION

0

PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE

PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE

0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

FEB MAR APR

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY

MONTHLY AVERAGES

RAIN DAYS

MONTHLY AVERAGES

WIND SPEEDS

WIND

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.

The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

GREEN ROOF

PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN

LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE

REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION

* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

RAIN

FORE

STG

RASS

LAN

DS

DES

ERT

ANNUAL

5

10

15

20

30

This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.

Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.

Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.

Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.

EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS

There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.

15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.

4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.

The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.

57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)

--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------

----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------

-------------------------------------------

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

25

F

H

Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.

Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.

Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.

Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.

To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.

High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.

Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.

Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.

Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.

Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601

Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST

-6 TMY3 659 ft

41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST

PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)

AVERAGE DAILY LOW

AVERAGE DAILY HIGH

DAILY AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DESIGN LOW

DESIGN HIGH

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

°F

20°

40°

60°

80°

100°

UNITS: mph

0 mph

5 mph

10 mph

15 mph

20 mph

ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING

UNITS: inches

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER

1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT

ECOSYSTEM

2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS

For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm

4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)

DESIGN GUIDELINES

MON

FAN

AUTO

PM

DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL

HEAT

COOLTIME

CANCELPERIOD

TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

EMPTY

85 O

O

O

O

O

O

O

80

75

70

65

60

55

MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT

COME-IN WORK LEAVE

11:00

55 O

80 O

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)

28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)

During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.

The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.

When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.

If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.

Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes

Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning

Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds

Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)

High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective

COMFORT

UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION

0

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

UNITS:TEMPERATURE

COMFORT ZONE

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979

FEB MAR APR

UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION

0

PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE

PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE

0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

FEB MAR APR

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY

MONTHLY AVERAGES

RAIN DAYS

MONTHLY AVERAGES

WIND SPEEDS

WIND

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.

The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

GREEN ROOF

PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN

LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE

REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION

* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

RAIN

FORE

STG

RASS

LAN

DS

DES

ERT

ANNUAL

5

10

15

20

30

This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.

Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.

Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.

Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.

EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS

There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.

15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.

4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.

The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.

57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)

--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------

----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------

-------------------------------------------

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

25

F

H

Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.

Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.

Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.

Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.

To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.

High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.

Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.

Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.

Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.

Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601

Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST

-6 TMY3 659 ft

41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST

PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)

AVERAGE DAILY LOW

AVERAGE DAILY HIGH

DAILY AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DESIGN LOW

DESIGN HIGH

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

°F

20°

40°

60°

80°

100°

UNITS: mph

0 mph

5 mph

10 mph

15 mph

20 mph

ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING

UNITS: inches

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING - CLIMATE ANALYSIS 25 Story New Office Building

TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER

1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT

ECOSYSTEM

2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS

For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm

4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)

DESIGN GUIDELINES

MON

FAN

AUTO

PM

DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL

HEAT

COOLTIME

CANCELPERIOD

TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

EMPTY

85 O

O

O

O

O

O

O

80

75

70

65

60

55

MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT

COME-IN WORK LEAVE

11:00

55 O

80 O

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)

28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)

During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.

The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.

When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.

If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.

Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes

Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning

Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds

Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)

High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective

COMFORT

UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION

0

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

UNITS:TEMPERATURE

COMFORT ZONE

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979

FEB MAR APR

UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION

0

PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE

PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE

0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

FEB MAR APR

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY

MONTHLY AVERAGES

RAIN DAYS

MONTHLY AVERAGES

WIND SPEEDS

WIND

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.

The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

GREEN ROOF

PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN

LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE

REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION

* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

RAIN

FORE

STG

RASS

LAN

DS

DES

ERT

ANNUAL

5

10

15

20

30

This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.

Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.

Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.

Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.

EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS

There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.

15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.

4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.

The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.

57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)

--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------

----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------

-------------------------------------------

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

25

F

H

Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.

Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.

Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.

Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.

To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.

High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.

Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.

Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.

Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.

Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601

Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST

-6 TMY3 659 ft

41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST

PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)

AVERAGE DAILY LOW

AVERAGE DAILY HIGH

DAILY AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DESIGN LOW

DESIGN HIGH

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

°F

20°

40°

60°

80°

100°

UNITS: mph

0 mph

5 mph

10 mph

15 mph

20 mph

ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING

UNITS: inches

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER

1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT

ECOSYSTEM

2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS

For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm

4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)

DESIGN GUIDELINES

MON

FAN

AUTO

PM

DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL

HEAT

COOLTIME

CANCELPERIOD

TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

EMPTY

85 O

O

O

O

O

O

O

80

75

70

65

60

55

MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT

COME-IN WORK LEAVE

11:00

55 O

80 O

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)

28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)

During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.

The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.

When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.

If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.

Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes

Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning

Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds

Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)

High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective

COMFORT

UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION

0

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

UNITS:TEMPERATURE

COMFORT ZONE

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979

FEB MAR APR

UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION

0

PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE

PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE

0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

FEB MAR APR

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY

MONTHLY AVERAGES

RAIN DAYS

MONTHLY AVERAGES

WIND SPEEDS

WIND

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.

The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

GREEN ROOF

PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN

LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE

REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION

* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

RAIN

FORE

STG

RASS

LAN

DS

DES

ERT

ANNUAL

5

10

15

20

30

This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.

Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.

Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.

Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.

EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS

There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.

15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.

4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.

The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.

57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)

--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------

----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------

-------------------------------------------

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

25

F

H

Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.

Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.

Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.

Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.

To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.

High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.

Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.

Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.

Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.

Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601

Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST

-6 TMY3 659 ft

41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST

PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)

AVERAGE DAILY LOW

AVERAGE DAILY HIGH

DAILY AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DESIGN LOW

DESIGN HIGH

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

°F

20°

40°

60°

80°

100°

UNITS: mph

0 mph

5 mph

10 mph

15 mph

20 mph

ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING

UNITS: inches

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER

1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT

ECOSYSTEM

2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS

For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm

4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)

DESIGN GUIDELINES

MON

FAN

AUTO

PM

DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL

HEAT

COOLTIME

CANCELPERIOD

TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED

EMPTY

85 O

O

O

O

O

O

O

80

75

70

65

60

55

MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT

COME-IN WORK LEAVE

11:00

55 O

80 O

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )

8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)

28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)

During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.

The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.

When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.

If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.

Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform

Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes

Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning

Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds

Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)

High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective

COMFORT

UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION

0

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

UNITS:TEMPERATURE

COMFORT ZONE

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979

FEB MAR APR

UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION

0

PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE

PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

COMFORT ZONE

0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

FEB MAR APR

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY

MONTHLY AVERAGES

RAIN DAYS

MONTHLY AVERAGES

WIND SPEEDS

WIND

For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/

Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.

The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

GREEN ROOF

PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN

LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE

REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION

* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE

RAIN

FORE

STG

RASS

LAN

DS

DES

ERT

ANNUAL

5

10

15

20

30

This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.

Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.

Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.

Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.

EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS

There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.

15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.

4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.

The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.

57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)

--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------

----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------

-------------------------------------------

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

25

F

H

Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.

Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.

Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.

Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.

To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.

High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.

Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.

Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.

Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.

Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601

Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST

-6 TMY3 659 ft

41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST

PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)

AVERAGE DAILY LOW

AVERAGE DAILY HIGH

DAILY AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DESIGN LOW

DESIGN HIGH

JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR

°F

20°

40°

60°

80°

100°

UNITS: mph

0 mph

5 mph

10 mph

15 mph

20 mph

ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING

UNITS: inches

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

cOmFOrT

lOcATiOn

reFerence POinT

mOnTHly AVerAge

mOnTHly AVerAges

WinDsPeeDs

25 StORy NEW OFFICE BuILDING

Know your micro-climate

Page 17: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Bim and energy modeling

Gensler Page 5COB2020 STRAWMAN CHALLENGE REPOSITIONING LOS ANGELES

UP

UP

UP

5 8 10 13 15 18 20

G

E

D

C

A

4

H

217 9 11 12 14 16 19

3837 SF

North1

3967 SF

South2

1971 SF

East3

1636 SF

West4

3023 SF

Core5

2' -

6"27

' - 6

"27

' - 6

"27

' - 6

"14

' - 0

"

86' -

6 3

/4"

169' - 1 1/2"

2' - 0 3/4" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 20' - 3" 7' - 3"2' - 0 3/4"

PLAN & SECTION OF FLOORS 6-12 Floors 6-1212 Story Tower with Parking below

Overall Area: 173,208 sq ftArea per Floor: 14,434 sq ft

Overall core Area:36,276 sq ftArea of core per Floor: 3,023 sq ft

Level 10' - 0"

Level 320' - 0"

Level 430' - 0"

Level 540' - 0"

Level 650' - 0"

Level 763' - 0"

Level 876' - 0"

Level 989' - 0"

Level 10102' - 0"

Level 11115' - 0"

Level 12128' - 0"

Level 13141' - 0"

Level 14154' - 0"

Level 15167' - 0"

Roof206' - 6"

Level 16180' - 0"

Level 17193' - 0"

T.O. Lower Parapet211' - 6"

GEDC

3837 SF

North1

3967 SF

South2

3023 SF

Core5

3838 SF

North6

3967 SF

South7

3022 SF

Core10

3838 SF

North11

3967 SF

South12

3022 SF

Core15

3838 SF

North16

3967 SF

South17

3022 SF

Core20

3838 SF

North21

3967 SF

South22

3022 SF

Core25

3838 SF

North26

3967 SF

South27

3022 SF

Core30

3838 SF

North31

3967 SF

South32

3022 SF

Core35

3838 SF

North36

3967 SF

South37

3022 SF

Core40

3838 SF

North41

3967 SF

South42

3022 SF

Core45

3838 SF

North46

3967 SF

South47

3022 SF

Core50

3838 SF

North51

3967 SF

South52

3022 SF

Core55

3838 SF

North56

3967 SF

South57

3022 SF

Core60

H

5' -

0"13

' - 6

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"13

' - 0

"10

' - 0

"10

' - 0

"10

' - 0

"20

' - 0

"

Project/Run: 11 Wacker Tower DC1 - Baseline Design Run Date/Time: 03/31/10 @ 10:48

eQUEST 3.63.6510 Monthly Utility Bills - All Rates Page 1

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Monthly Utility Bills ($)

Total Annual Bill Across All Rates: $ 1,539,860

Electricity-Hotel (annual bill: $ 2,841) Natural Gas-Hotel (annual bill: $ 304,032)Natural Gas-Offices (annual bill: $ 203,646) Electricity -Offices (annual bill: $ 1,029,341)

(x000)

Cogen 200kW for Hotel Only

leverage the new Tools

Page 18: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Daylighting Analysis

Gensler

(ies, ecotect)

Page 19: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Daylighting & comfort Analysis

Page 20: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work Place Optimization

research informed design

Gensler

support areas

meeting areas

workstation/desk

common areas

private/shared office

Work Modes | Work Setting Effectiveness by Work Mode

“How effective are the following settings for the work performed there?”

focus

not effective highly effective

0

10

10

10

10

0

0

0

focus time spent

percentage of time spent in mode per work week

Your Company

Top Ranked Companies

Industry Average

Your Company

Top Ranked Companies

Industry Average

3.4

5.6

5.6

4.6

5.4

7.6

6.4

8.1

7.6

6.5

8.6

9.2

8.6

7.8

8.4

89%

9%

1%

.3%

.8%

67.9

7

How effectively does each work setting support focus work?

Where do employees spend their time working?

What spaces deserve the most attention?

tHE 2008 WORkPLACE SuRVEy

commissioned Dr Added Value to conduct a survey of 900 full-time, in-office workers in the U.s. & U.K.

represented 8 industries and a variety of office and company sizes.

(WPi, Workplace survey)

Page 21: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes

THE KEY TO A BETTER WORKPLACE IS UNDERSTANDING THE WAYS PEOPLE WORK

COLLAbORATEINNOVATIVE CAPITAL

WORKING WITH ANOTHER PERSON OR GROUP TO ACHIEVE A GOAL

SOCIALIzESOCIAL CAPITAL

WORK INTERACTIONS THAT CREATE COMMON bONDS AND VALUES, COLLECTIVE IDENTITY, COLLEGIALITY AND PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIPS

FOCUSPRODUCTIVE CAPITAL

WORK INVOLVING CONCENTRATION AND ATTENTION TO A PARTICULAR TASK OR PROjECT

LEARNINTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

WORKING TO ACqUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE OF A SUbjECT OR SKILL THROUGH EDUCATION OR ExPERIENCE

(WPi, Workplace survey)

Page 22: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Primary Workspace

Meeting Area

Training Area

Common Area

87% 85% 85%79%

74% 75% 76%

66%

FOCUS COLLABORATE LEARN SOCIALIZE

Working with another person or a group to achieve a task, project or goal.

Concentrating and devoting uninterrupted, solo effort to a particular task or project.

Acquiring a skill or developing work-oriented knowledge through formal or informal training, education or experience.

Interacting in ways that add value to an enterprise through the creation of productive human relationships.

Gensler | 2008 U.S. Workplace Survey

SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY

Through our research and project experience, Gensler has established a key connecting point for all knowledge economy companies. Four work modes—focus, collaborate, learn and socialize—are the shared language of knowledge economy workplaces, and are central to our 2008 survey research.

Our findings show a picture of the knowledge workplace that is filled with varied and dynamic interactions and not just long hours of solitary work—collaborating, learning, and socializing are as important to individual job performance as focus work.

We found that employees at top-performing companies not only spend more time collaborating and learning, they consider that time more critical to job success than do their peers at average companies, who remain focus work-centered.

TOP COMPANIES COLLABORATE MORETop-performing companies collaborate 23% more time than average companies and consider collaboration more than twice as critical to job success.

LEARNING IS FAR MORE IMPORTANT TO TOP COMPANIESLearning is 80% more critical to job success at top-performing companies than at average companies, which spend 40% less time learning.

TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES VALUE SOCIALIZINGOverturning the notion that socializing is a time-waster rather than a business asset, top-performing companies socialize 16% more than average companies. Further, they consider it almost three times more critical than average companies, the largest gap among all of the work mode comparisons.

TIme SPenT

41%

21% less time

50%

CrITICaLITy

43%

104% more critical

21%

CrITICaLITy

36%

80% more critical

20%

CrITICaLITy

20%

185% more critical

7%

TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES

WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM

Our findings clearly show that top-performing companies do a better job helping their people perform at higher levels by designing effective workplaces that allow people to spend higher-quality time in the work modes that matter most to their job success.

Top company work spaces are much more effective for supporting knowledge work, particularly the collaborate, learn, and socialize modes that are the hallmark of their different approach to doing business. All spaces are rated effective by 79% or more, compared to average companies whose workplaces fall short of being fully effective by as much as 34 points.

Top-performing Companies average Companies

Focus Collaborate Learn Socialize

86% 86%83% 82%

78%72% 70%

68%

WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY SPACE TYPE WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY WORK MODE

Gensler created the Workplace Performance IndexSM (WPI) measurement and analysis tool for work environments to help clients understand what comprises space effectiveness in their workplaces. The WPI survey is a web-enabled pre- and post-occupancy evaluation tool that creates an index based on work mode criticality, work space effectiveness for work modes, and time spent, as well as the quality of physical attributes of space such as layout, air/light quality, storage, furniture, privacy/access and other factors. The 2008 Workplace Survey responses are now part of Gensler’s global database that provides clients with comparative information for benchmarking purposes.

Where did our survey respondents land on the WPI scale, in which 100 is a perfect score? The WPI score for all survey respondents was 67. Separating top-ranked companies from average showed a 16-point gap in WPI score, with top companies at 80.

98 Highest

WPI Score 16 point gap

Top-Performing WPI Score

average Companies WPI Score

8Lowest WPI Score

80

64

Top-performing Companies average Companies

FOCuS LEARNINGCOLLABORAtION SOCIALIzING

Top performing companies spend less time in focus mode

-21%

Top performing companies spend more time collaborating

+23%

Top performing companies spend more time learning

+40%

Top performing companies spend more time socializing

+16%

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)

Page 23: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY

21% less time

104% more critical

80% more critical

185% more critical

TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES

WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM

Top-performing Companies average Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companies

Top-Performing WPI Score

64

Top-performing Companies

SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY

21% less time

104% more critical

80% more critical

185% more critical

TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES

WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM

Top-performing Companies

Focus Collaborate Learn Socialize

86% 86%83% 82%

78%72% 70%

68%

WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODE

Top-Performing WPI Score

64

Top-performing Companies

Top-Performing companies design more effective workplaces to support all workmodes.

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)

Page 24: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The Workplace network

Focus work can happen anywhere. As a center for collaboration, learning, and socializing, the future workplace supports the interactive work modes and leverages surrounding amenities for an expanded network.

FOCUS

LEARN

COLLABORATE

SOCIALIZE

TOP PERFORMING COMPANIES

AVERAGE COMPANIES

2020COBAPRIL 2009

The Workplace Network

FOCUS

Focus work can happen anywhere. As a center for collaboration, learning, and socializing, the future workplace supports the interactive work modes and leverages surrounding amenities for an expanded network.

FOCUS

LEARN

COLLABORATE

SOCIALIZE

TOP PERFORMING COMPANIES

AVERAGE COMPANIES

FOCUSFOCUSFOCUS

LEARN

SOCIALIZE

SOCIALIZE

COLLABORATECOLLABORATECOLLABORATE

FOCUS

2020COBAPRIL 2009

Outside the cube...

Page 25: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

BETTER FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

HIGHER WPI SCORE

DELIVERS

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

00-40% 41-50% 51-60% 61-70% 71-80% 81-90% 91-100%

(WPI Score)

(Profit increase)

14.4%

28.2%

Three-Year Annual Average Profit Growth vs. WPI Score

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)

Page 26: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future global reach

HOLIStIC DESIGN APPROACH PrOJecT exAmPlesEncanaCathay BankPort of Long Beach

Page 27: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the FutureDesigning the High Performance Office Building of the FutureDesigning the High Performance Office Building of the Future

encana Denver, CO

+9 %Increase in

collaborative space

-4 %Decrease in

Focus space

+25 %Increase in

learning space

Page 28: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future encana Denver, CO

measuring the intangibles

31 %Increase in

creativeThinking

32 %Increase in

knowledge sharing and collaboration 24 %

think that

People are the most valuable asset

16 %Increase in

workplace effectiveness

74 %Increase in

employee engagement

Page 29: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA

Page 30: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA

BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS

2020COBAPRIL 2009

AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles

Page 31: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA

building skin enhancemenTs

Cathay Bank bought an old, awkward building along the San

Bernardino Freeway in el Monte. Gensler gutted and

re-proportioned the building to create a distinctive, high-

performance workplace.

Our innovative design solution overcame the main technical

challenge of supporting a floor-to-ceiling curtain wall on an

existing concrete slab and frame system that was not originally

built to have one. New concrete filled steel pans extend the

floor slabs to carry the curtain wall. after the new curtain wall

was attached, a modest gain in usable floor area was also

realized.

In the reborn building: through floor-to-ceiling glass, daylight

penetrates deeper into the office floor plate and views out are

also enhanced. New spectrally selective glass allows more

than twice as much daylight in per square foot without any

additional heat gain. Twenty percent of the lights in the office

are now switched off by a perimeter daylight sensing control

system. The energy savings offset the cost of the system in less

than two years.

building idenTiTy

Our team took advantage of the existing view corridor and the

newly opened facade to create a large-scale mural spanning

the 5-story interior of the building. The mural had to work at

both macro and micro scale to address both long and intimate

viewing distances. We designed an iconic koi fish to symbolize

good fortune, an important value of the client’s brand. The

illustrative style of the koi is representative of the intricate

filigree found on currency.1

2

3

sTrucTural modificaTions

unboned Diagonal Bracing at interior Column Line

New Columns and Beams inboard of existing frame

floor reinforcement

expanded footing4

12

3

4

31% reduction in energy use

47% savings in interior lighting

65% reduction in water use

cathay bank headquartersel monte, Ca, usa

building repositioning traNsform

BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS

2020COBAPRIL 2009

AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles

BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS

2020COBAPRIL 2009

AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles

Page 32: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA

Page 33: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

Page 34: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

75’-85’

14’-6” 9’-6”

DAyDAyDA LiGHT PENETRATiON

75’

S

N

W

E

N

S

15°

30°

45°

60°

75°

90°

105°

120°

135°

150°

165°180°

195°

210°

225°

240°

255°

270°

285°

300°

315°

330°

345°

W E

Summer

Winter

Orientation & configuration

• 9 Story, 250,000 Sq/Ft Office Headquarters

• East/West Orientation

• Narrow Floor Plate to Optimize Daylighting and Views

• South and North Facades are Articulated Differently

• To Control Heat Gain & Maximize Daylight

Page 35: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

Daylighting

75’

DRAFT 2

PV INTEGRATEDSuN SHADE

SHADOWBOX

DRAFT 2

ROLLER SHADE

PV INTEGRATEDSuN SHADE

LiGHT REFLECTiNGLOUVER

GLAZEDALuMiNuMuNiTiZED CuRTAiN WALL

82%Usable square feetis day lit

• High performance glass manages solar radiation

• “Light Louvers” reflects light deep into the center of

the space and reduces light electricity by 45%

• PV Integrated sunshades block strong summer

solar radiation

Page 36: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

Photovoltaics- renewable energy

PV INTEGRATED SUNSHADES

PV INTEGRATES SKYLIGHT

3 yearyearyPayback Period

• 49.9% Reduction in Energy use

• 24% of Building’s energy is from on-site renewables

(photovoltaics)

• 3 year pay-back for sunshades

Page 37: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

collaboration- Workmodes & Amenities

ATRiuM SPACE

Gensler

Port of Long Beach, Administration Building 05.4194.000 16 March, 2007Perspective of 2-Story Space

ROOFTOP

• Atrium spaces encourage collaboration &

Socializing

• 13% of all interior space use as atrium

collaboration space

• 15% of building is amenity and community functions

Page 38: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA

RaisedFloor&Flexibility

DRAFT 2

RAiSED ACCESSFLOOR

MOVABLEWALL

RAiSED ACCESSFLOOR

• Increase Flexibility

• Increase Controllability

• Increase churn costs

• Decrease churn speed

• Decrease cooling load

• 8 degrees warmer air supply

0%waste for re-stacking & remodeling

Page 39: USGBC Green Building Expo - Gensler

Thank you!