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Using Information Ethically Part 2 Citing Sources

Using Information Ethically Part 2

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Using Information Ethically Part 2. Citing Sources. Citing Sources. Reasons for citing sources Parts of citations Common Style Guides. Citing Sources. Provides research trail for your readers Lends credibility to your research Shows the extent of your efforts Honesty. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Using Information Ethically Part 2

Using Information EthicallyPart 2Citing Sources

1This tutorial is the 2nd part of the Using Information Ethically module and focuses on citing sources of information.Citing SourcesCiting SourcesReasons for citing sourcesParts of citationsCommon Style Guides

2We will consider the reasons why you should cite your sources, look at some of the elements of a citation, and review the names of some common style guides.Citing SourcesCiting SourcesProvides research trail for your readersLends credibility to your researchShows the extent of your effortsHonesty

3Citing your sources is not meant to be simply a chore. It is has several functions, all important to the research process.

First, it tells your readers where you found the information you used in your work. By sharing this information, you help them to be able to follow your research trail to learn more your topic. Also, by providing citations to your sources, they will have the opportunity to evaluate their reliability. Thus, it could lend credibility to your research.

Citing your sources also shows your readers, especially your professors, the extent of your efforts in completing an assignment.

And foremost, it is the honest thing to do. One of the major ways to avoid plagiarism is to provide citations or references to the works of others you have quoted, paraphrased or summarized. This includes published and unpublished works, and yes, even Web sites.

Citing SourcesProvide a citation forAll direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries of words, productions, and ideas of others.

4Again, by providing references or citations whenever you use information other than that of your own creation or a fact that is commonly known, you will make great strides in avoiding plagiarism.Citing SourcesWhen is citing unnecessary?Words, thoughts, and ideasof your own creation. OrInformation considered to becommon knowledge. When in doubt, provide a citation.

5So, as mentioned, citing a source isnt necessary if the words, thoughts, or ideas are your own creation. In addition, information that is considered to be common knowledge does not necessarily required a citation. This can be difficult to determine. Some scholars follow a rule of thumb that if the fact can be easily found in Reference books, such as general encyclopedias and almanacs, then it may not require a citation. But it is okay to provide one if you are uncertain. Citing SourcesExampleCommon knowledgeJohn F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States.

Not common knowledge: In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, Kennedy wrote Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize.

"Biography of John F. Kennedy." The White House. 24 Sept. 2007 .

6Here are two examples: One is a fact that may be considered common knowledge. The other is one that is not likely to be commonly known. For the information that is not commonly known among the audience for which you are writing, a citation is important to show that you consulted an information resource. This also tells the reader which source in case they are interested in reading more about the topic and to help the reader determine if the source you used is credible. Citing SourcesElements of citations BooksAuthor(s)TitlePublisherPlace of PublicationDatePage numbersArticlesAuthor(s)Title of articleTitle of journalDatePage numbersWeb SitesName of WebsiteURLName of WebpageAuthor(s)DateDate accessed

7When you are organizing your information sources and taking notes, you will want to note a variety of what is referred to as bibliographic information about the source. These are elements that help identify the item for which you want to provide a citation. You are likely familiar with these parts already. Citing SourcesBook AuthorTitleJones, Green C. Growing Up in Harlan County. Lexington: University of Kentucky P, 1985. Date Place ofPublisher Publication

8Then, to create a citation, you will arrange the elements in a specific order, along will specific punctuation and spacing. The arrangement of these elements, the punctuation, and spacing are all dependent upon the citation style chosen. Citing SourcesArticleAuthorTitle of articleHarris, Fred. "Burning Up People to Make Electricity." Atlantic Monthly 234 (1974): 29-37. Title of JournalVol.DatePage Number

9Here is an example of a citation to an article in the magazine, the Atlantic Monthly.Citing SourcesWeb Site Article title Web Site title Date last updated"What is Bronchitis?" KidsHealth. Oct. 2007.Nemours Foundation. 6 May 2008 . URLSponsoring Organization Date Accessed

10Finally, here is a citation to a Web page from kidshealth.org. Note that in this citation, the date accessed is included. This is common for most online resources. This date, which indicates to your reader that you located this information on a specific date, is important. Online resources can change or disappear without warning. By providing the date accessed, you indicate that the resource was available on that date and contained the information you cited at that particular time.Citing SourcesDifferent types of sourcesSpeechesLive performancesArt workInterviewsTelevision programsArticles accessed via GALILEO or the WWW

11However, there are many types of resources that you may need to cite. Here are just a few. The proper way to cite sources that were access in full text via the World Wide Web or via GALILEO also requires some additional information to tell your readers how and when you accessed the sources. To learn how to cite any type of source according to a specific style, you will need to consult a guide.Citing SourcesStyle Guides Common Style Guides

Chicago Manual of Style (Turabian) MLA APA

12These are the three most common styles. In fact, you have probably used one or more of these. Your professors will specify a style or ask that you choose one and use it consistently. Our library has the latest copies of these style guides and several others as well. In addition, many libraries, online writing labs, and other educational departments offer Web sites that provide an abbreviated version of these common styles, many with excellent examples for you to follow.Citing SourcesSummaryTake careful notes Use a style guide Ask for assistance

13To provide proper citations for the sources you use in preparing your assignments, always take careful notes about each source. It is frustrating to discover that you failed to note the date of a publication or page number as you are assembling your bibliography.

Also, by using a style guide, you will have clear examples of how to cite all types of sources and to learn more about formatting your paper as well.

Finally, ask your instructor or a librarian if you need help to understand how to cite a source.