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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................ vDAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................... vii

BAB I ATMOSFER BUMI ............................................................. 1Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 1Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 1Komposisi Atmosfer Bumi ..................................................... 2Struktur Vertikal Atmosfer Bumi ............................................ 5Perubahan Tekanan Udara ...................................................... 5Perubahan Kerapatan Udara ................................................... 6Perubahan Suhu Udara ........................................................... 6Lapisan-lapisan Atmosfer Bumi ............................................. 7Cuaca dan Iklim ................................................................... 10Pengamatan Cuaca dengan Satelit .......................................... 11Citra Satelit untuk Penelitian Cuaca ....................................... 12Sejarah Singkat Meteorologi .................................................. 13

BAB II PEMANASAN BUMI DAN ATMOSFER ......................... 14Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 14Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 14Suhu dan Perpindahan Panas .................................................. 15Skala Suhu .............................................................................. 15Panas Laten ............................................................................. 16Konduksi ................................................................................ 17Konveksi ................................................................................. 17Adveksi ................................................................................... 18Radiasi .................................................................................... 18Keseimbangan Absorpsi dan Emisi ........................................ 19Atmosfer Bumi sebagai Penyaring Radiasi ............................ 19Efek Rumah Kaca ................................................................... 20Penguatan Efek Rumah Kaca ................................................. 20Pemanasan Udara ................................................................... 21Penerimaan Energi Matahari .............................................. 21

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Refleksi dan Penyebaran Cahaya............................................ 21Komposisi Radiasi Matahari .................................................. 22Keseimbangan Energi di Bumi ............................................... 23Mengapa Bumi Memiliki Musim ........................................... 24Musim di Belahan Bumi Utara ............................................... 24Musim di Belahan Bumi Selatan ............................................ 24Variasi Lokal Musiman .......................................................... 25

BAB III SUHU UDARA DAN KEHIDUPAN ................................. 26Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 26Variasi Suhu Udara Harian ..................................................... 26Pendinginan Malam Hari ........................................................ 30Udara Dingin di Permukaan Bumi ......................................... 30Bagaimana Embun Upas Dieng Terjadi ................................. 30Inversi Suhu ............................................................................ 31Mengurangi Efek Inversi Suhu ............................................... 31Rekor Suhu Udara .................................................................. 32Bagaimana Suhu Udara Diatur? ......................................... 32Letak Lintang ......................................................................... 34Ketinggian .............................................................................. 34Distribusi Daratan dan Perairan.............................................. 35Arus Laut yang Mengitari Suatu Tempat ............................... 35Data Suhu Udara .................................................................. 35Suhu Udara Harian, Bulanan, dan Tahunan ........................... 36Kegunaan Data Suhu Udara ................................................... 37Suhu Udara dan Rasa Nyaman ............................................... 37Wind Chill ............................................................................... 37Pengukuran Suhu Udara ......................................................... 38Data Radiometer Satelit .......................................................... 39

BAB IV BAHANG ............................................................................. 40Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 40Suhu Udara ........................................................................... 40Bahang Jenis dan Bahang Laten ......................................... 44Perpindahan Bahang ............................................................ 46Konduksi ................................................................................ 46Radiasi .................................................................................... 47 Konveksi ................................................................................. 48Adveksi ................................................................................... 49Pemanasan Udara sebagai Proses Cuaca ........................... 50

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BAB V AWAN DAN KELEMBAPAN ............................................ 51Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 51Siklus Air di Atmosfer ............................................................ 51Penguapan, Kondensasi, dan Titik Jenuh .......................... 52Kelembapan .......................................................................... 53Tekanan Uap ........................................................................... 53Kelembapan Relatif ................................................................ 53Titik Embun ............................................................................ 55Kelembapan Relatif dan Kenyamanan ................................... 55Mengukur Kelembapan .......................................................... 55Embun, Kabut, dan Embun Jalad ...................................... 56Embun dan Embun Jalad ........................................................ 56Kabut ...................................................................................... 57Awan ...................................................................................... 58Klasifikasi Awan ..................................................................... 58Awan Tinggi ........................................................................... 58Awan Menengah ..................................................................... 59Awan Rendah .......................................................................... 59Awan dengan Pertumbuhan Vertikal ...................................... 60Awan-Awan Lain .................................................................... 61

BAB VI KELEMBAPAN .................................................................... 63Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 63Kelembapan Udara .............................................................. 63Kelembapan Relatif .............................................................. 65Titik Embun .......................................................................... 65Embun ................................................................................... 66Kabut, Kabus, dan Ilam-Ilam ................................................. 67Pembentukan Awan .............................................................. 70Jenis-Jenis Awan ..................................................................... 73Proses Pembentukan Curahan ............................................ 84Proses Pembentukan Curahan pada Awan Hangat ................. 84Proses Pembentukan Curahan pada Awan Dingin .................. 87Teknik Modifikasi Cuaca ........................................................ 90Petir ........................................................................................ 90

BAB VII PEMBENTUKAN AWAN ................................................... 94Stabilitas Atmosfer ................................................................. 94Kondisi Stabil dan Tidak Stabil .............................................. 95Menentukan Stabilitas ............................................................ 97Ketidakstabilan Udara ............................................................ 98

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Menentukan Stabilitas ............................................................ 98Pembentukan Awan ................................................................ 99Proses-Proses Presipitasi ........................................................ 104Jenis-Jenis Presipitasi ............................................................. 105Polusi Udara ........................................................................... 108Jenis dan Sumber Polusi Udara .............................................. 109

BAB VIII................................................................................................ SIRKULASI ATMOSFER 111Skala Kejadian Atmosfer ........................................................ 111Sistem Angin Lokal ................................................................ 112

BAB IX ANGIN DAN TEKANAN UDARA .................................. 124Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 124Tekanan Udara ........................................................................ 124850 milibar Chart .................................................................... 130Perumusan Matematis ............................................................ 130Membaca Chart 850 milibar ................................................... 131Interpretasi Kondisi Cuaca dengan Chart dan Data Tambahan 134Angin ...................................................................................... 137

BAB X ANGIN-ANGIN DI INDONESIA ..................................... 140Pusaran Debu .......................................................................... 141Angin-Angin pada Skala Meso .............................................. 142Puting Beliung ........................................................................ 143Angin Puyuh ........................................................................... 143

BAB XI PREDIKSI CUACA ............................................................. 149Tujuan Pembelajaran .............................................................. 149Global Forecast System .......................................................... 149Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 149Metode Prediksi Cuaca ........................................................... 150Mengenal Lebih Jauh Skew-T log P dan Hodograf................ 155

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 185ugmpres

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