Varieties of American Nationalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism

Page 216 - 233

MAIN THEMES

• How the Federalists rose to-and fell from-power.

• The presentist debate over the religious inclinations of the founding fathers.

• The internal American divisions that beset the First Party period.

• How American ambitions and attitudes came into conflict with British policies and led to the War of 1812.

• The participation and impact of the War of 1812 on Amerinindians.

• The impact of the War of 1812 on American politics.

• The defining of political authority through John Marshall and the Supreme Court.

Look through Ch. 8 visuals/charts/maps – write down which show a nationalizing influence and which show a sectionalizing influence

Nationalizing

4th of July Picnic 216

Steamboat 220

Sectionalizing

Missouri Compromise

Electoral map

MANIFEST DESTINYAmerican Progress

Aftermath of the War of 1812

America gives up demand of Britain to renounce impressment

Also gives up demand for British Canada Unity threatened by slavery issue War/embargo stimulated economy esp.

textiles Lowell system Exposed need for better transportation and

for a national bank

1. Protective tariffs for the new New England industry

2. High priced public lands to keep workers from migrating west

3. Federally built internal improvements

1. Low protective tariffs to encourage trade with England (cotton/tobacco)

3. No federally built internal improvements

2. Public lands available for sale in large chunks (for farms+plantations)

1. Low-priced public lands to encourage settlement (watch for the NW Ordinance!)

2. Protective tariffs to stimulate growth of a home market

3. Federally built internal improvements

Economy suffers after war of 1812 Congress passes tariff

Transportation a public /private venture: pages 219-21

National Road financed by Ohio land sales. Robert Fulton: steam engine steamboat Madison vetoes Internal Improvements Bill. Did not believe Congress had the authority to

fund improvements without a constitutional amendment

Why do you think the govern. was now interested in Internal improvements?

Internal improvements left to state govern. and private sector

Westward Expansion

PUSH Factors PULL factors

Pop. /econ pressures

Expan. of slavery

Availability of new lands

Less Indian resistance

The northwest is now the “old northwest”

White settlers in old northwest

• Lonely but not solitary• Built communities• Mutual aid• mobility

Plantation system in the southwest – p. 222

Demand for cotton draws farmers into western lands

Spread of s. settlement

cottonplantations

slavery

4 new states admitted

1816 - Indiana 1817 – Mississippi 1818 – Illinois 1819 – Alabama What issue will be important as new

states are admitted to the union? In 1821, Mexico wins independence from

Spain and continues to control much of the southwest traders and merchants

Westward expansion: 1815- 1845

The Fur Trade and Mountain Men

Jacob Astor’s American Fur Trading company

Many lived peacefully with Ind and Mexicans

Exception: Jedediah Smith Married Ind/Hisp women Many lived in isolation

The First Party Period

1796 1824

FOUR PARTY PERIODS 1796 - 1828 1ST PARTY SYSTEM  FEDERALIST - ANTI-FEDERALIST NATIONALIST - REPUBLICAN / DEMOCRAT

HAMILTONIAN - JEFFERSONIAN 1829 - 1856 2ND PARTY SYSTEM 

WHIG - DEMOCRACYANTI-JACKSONIAN - JACKSONIAN

 1856 - 1964 3RD PARTY SYSTEM 

REPUBLICAN - DEMOCRAT 1964 - 4TH PARTY SYSTEM  DEMOCRAT - REPUBLICAN

The “Era of Good Feelings” and the end of the 1st party system

Time of temporary political unity 1808 – 1824 Madison serves for two terms then Monroe runs

virtually unopposed in 1820, his second term Goodwill tour

1820 election

James Madison (1809 – 1817)

Hartford Convention

War Hawks

Dolly Madison

Star SpangledBanner

Mr. Madison’s War

War of 1812Treaty of Ghent

MADISON

James Monroe (1817 – 1825)

Supreme CourtMcCulloch v. Maryland

Gibbons v. Ogden

Panic of 1819

Compromise of 1820Missouri Compromise

MonroeDoctrine

1823

AmericanSystem

Adams OnisTreaty1819

(Florida)

1818 – DemilitarizedCanadian Boundary

Rush BagotTreaty1817

Era of GoodFeelings

MONROE

Missouri Compromise 1820

Missouri Compromise- stirrings of sectionalism

Henry Clay said that if Missouri was not admitted as a slave state, southerners would block admission of Maine as a free state

Compromise temporarily papers over the issue of slavery

Marshall and the Court

Case Ruling Fletcher v Peck (1810)

Dartmouth College v

Woodward(1819)

Importance of a contract

Upheld the contract clause

Cohens v Virginia (1821)

Supreme Court has right to review state court decisions – states had given up

Part of sovereignty when ratifying Const.

McCulloch v Maryland

(1819)

Confirmed the implied powers of Congress to charter a national bank

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

SC strengthens Congress’s power of interstate commerce = anything that crosses state lines

The Court and the Tribes

Case Ruling

Johnson v McIntosh

(1823)

US government rights to land have precedence over individual landholders/Tribes have basic right to land and only the government, not indiv. Settlers could take it away

Cherokee Cases

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Tribes are sovereign entities and only the federal government has power over them/Defined a place for tribes within American political system

TIMELINE: RELIGION IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

1734-1740 – THE GREAT AWAKENING

1750-1773 - THE SUPPRESSION OF THE JESUITS

1760S-1770 – CALIFORNIA FRANCISCAN MISSIONS

1779 - THOMAS JEFFERSON DRAFTS BILL FOR ESTABLISHING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FOR VIRGINIA

1785 – FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH ESTABLISHED AT KING'S CHAPEL, BOSTON

1790S- SECOND GREAT AWAKENING BEGINS

1791 - FIRST AMENDMENT

MAIN THEMES

• How the Federalists rose to-and fell from-power.

• The presentist debate over the religious inclinations of the founding fathers.

• The internal American divisions that beset the First Party period.

• How American ambitions and attitudes came into conflict with British policies and led to the War of 1812.

• The participation and impact of the War of 1812 on Amerinindians.

• The impact of the War of 1812 on American politics.

• The defining of political authority through John Marshall and the Supreme Court.

Religion and Revivalism Deism Universalism Unitarianism The Second Great Awakening  

PRESBYTERIANS – WEST BABTISTS – SOUTH METHODISTS -

*ARMINIANISM OVERTAKES CALVINISM

RELIGION DURING FIRST PARTY PERIOD